1、 Reference numberECMA-123:2009Ecma International 2009ECMA-356 2ndEdition / June 2013 NFCIP-1 - RF Interface Test Methods COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT Ecma International 2013 Ecma International 2013 iContents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references 1 4 Conventions and notations 1 4.1
2、Representation of numbers 1 4.2 Names . 1 4.3 Test report 1 5 Abbreviations and acronyms . 2 6 Default items applicable to the test methods . 2 6.1 Test environment . 2 6.2 Default tolerance . 2 6.3 Spurious Inductance . 2 6.4 Total measurement uncertainty . 2 6.5 Antenna class 2 7 Test Set-up and t
3、est circuits 2 7.1 Digital sampling oscilloscope 3 7.2 Calibration coil . 3 7.3 Test assembly 3 7.4 Reference Device . 3 7.4.1 Dimensions of the Reference Device 3 7.4.2 Reference Device construction 3 7.4.3 Reference Device resonance frequency tuning . 3 8 Functional Test Initiator . 4 8.1 Initiato
4、r RF field detection 4 8.1.1 Purpose 4 8.1.2 Test procedure . 4 8.1.3 Test report 4 8.2 Initiator field strength in active and passive communication mode 4 8.2.1 Purpose 4 8.2.2 Test procedure . 4 8.2.3 Test report 4 8.3 Initiator modulation index and waveform transmission in active and passive comm
5、unication mode . 5 8.3.1 Purpose 5 8.3.2 Test procedure . 5 8.3.3 Test report 5 8.4 Initiator load modulation reception in passive communication mode 5 8.4.1 Purpose 5 8.4.2 Test procedure . 5 8.4.3 Test report 5 8.5 Initiator modulation index and waveform reception in active communication mode 5 8.
6、5.1 Purpose 5 8.5.2 Bit rate of 106 kbit/s 5 8.5.3 Bit rates of 212 kbit/s and 424 kbit/s . 6 8.6 Initiator maximum loading effect test in active communication mode (Optional) 6 8.6.1 Purpose 6 8.6.2 Test procedure . 6 8.6.3 Test report 6 ii Ecma International 20139 Functional Test Target .6 9.1 Tar
7、get load modulation transmission in passive communication mode .6 9.1.1 Purpose .6 9.1.2 Test procedure .6 9.2 Target field strength in active communication mode 7 9.3 Target modulation index and waveform transmission in active communication mode 7 9.4 Target modulation index and waveform reception
8、in active and passive communication mode .7 9.5 Target maximum loading effect test in Passive communication mode (Optional) .7 Annex A (informative) Test report template example 9 Ecma International 2013 iiiIntroduction Ecma International purposefully aligned this Standard with ISO/IEC 10373-6 to al
9、low testing laboratories to reuse equipment and expertise. This 2nd edition is fully aligned with the 2nd edition of ISO/IEC 22536:2013. This Ecma Standard has been adopted by the General Assembly of June 2013. iv Ecma International 2013“COPYRIGHT NOTICE 2013 Ecma International This document may be
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13、 wholly or partly) the functionality therein. However, the content of this document itself may not be modified in any way, including by removing the copyright notice or references to Ecma International, except as required to translate it into languages other than English or into a different format.
14、The official version of an Ecma International document is the English language version on the Ecma International website. In the event of discrepancies between a translated version and the official version, the official version shall govern. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and wi
15、ll not be revoked by Ecma International or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an “AS IS“ basis and ECMA INTERNATIONAL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HERE
16、IN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY OWNERSHIP RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.“ NFCIP-1 - RF Interface Test Methods 1 Scope This Standard is part of a suite of standards that specify tests for ECMA-340 (ISO/IEC 18092). It defines test methods for the RF-i
17、nterface. This Standard specifies RF-test methods for NFCIP-1 devices with antennas fitting within the rectangular area of 50 mm by 40 mm. This test standard, the first of two parts, specifies compliance tests for the RF interface of ECMA-340 devices. The companion test standard ECMA-362 (ISO/IEC 23
18、917) specifies protocol tests for ECMA-340. 2 Conformance A system implementing ECMA-340 is in conformance with this Standard if it meets all the mandatory requirements specified herein. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
19、 For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ECMA-340, Near Field Communication - Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1) (ISO/IEC 18092) ISO/IEC 10373-6:2011, Identification cards Test metho
20、ds Part 6: Proximity cards 4 Conventions and notations 4.1 Representation of numbers The following conventions and notations apply in this document unless otherwise stated. Letters and digits in single quotes represent numbers in hexadecimal notation. The value of a bit is denoted by (0)b or (1)b. B
21、it patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1 shown with the most significant bit to the left within parentheses. Within such strings, X may be used to indicate that the value of a bit is not specified within the string. 4.2 Names The names of basic elements, e.g. specific fields, are wri
22、tten with a capital initial letter. 4.3 Test report The test report includes the number of passed tests versus the total number of tests, the number of different samples and the date of the tests, see Annex A. Ecma International 2013 15 Abbreviations and acronyms In addition to the abbreviations and
23、 acronyms in ECMA-340, the following apply. DFT Discrete Fourier Transformation DUT Device Under Test fc Frequency of the operating field fs Frequency of subcarrier at 106 kbit/s in passive communication mode Hm Maximum external field strength for not preventing the Initiator to switch on its RF fie
24、ld HmaxMaximum field strength of the Initiator antenna field HminMinimum field strength of the Initiator antenna field HThresholdMinimum field strength for the RF level detector PCB Printed Circuit Board RF Radio Frequency6 Default items applicable to the test methods 6.1 Test environment See 4.1 of
25、 ISO/IEC 10373-6. 6.2 Default tolerance See 4.3 of ISO/IEC 10373-6. 6.3 Spurious Inductance See 4.4 of ISO/IEC 10373-6. 6.4 Total measurement uncertainty See 4.5 of ISO/IEC 10373-6. 6.5 Antenna class Tests shall be executed for class 3 antenna as specified in ISO/IEC 10373-6:2010/Amd.1. NOTE When th
26、e antenna size used for NFCIP-1 device is larger than “Class 3” antenna, “Class 1” antenna as specified in ISO/IEC 10373-6:2011/Amd.1 may be used in addition to “Class 3” antenna. 7 Test Set-up and test circuits The test set-up includes: Digital sampling oscilloscope; Calibration coil; Test assembly
27、; 2 Ecma International 2013 Reference Device. These are described in the following clauses. 7.1 Digital sampling oscilloscope See ISO/IEC 10373-6, 5.1.1. 7.2 Calibration coil See ISO/IEC 10373-6, 5.2. 7.3 Test assembly See ISO/IEC 10373-6, 5.3. 7.4 Reference Device The Reference Device is used to te
28、st the ability of an Initiator to: generate a field strength of at least Hminand not exceeding Hmax; transmit a modulated signal to a Target; receive a load modulation signal from the Target in passive communication mode in its operating volume. The Reference Device is used to test the ability of a
29、Target to: generate a field strength of at least Hminand not exceeding Hmaxin active communication mode; transmit a modulated signal to an Initiator in its operating volume. 7.4.1 Dimensions of the Reference Device See ISO/IEC 10373-6, 5.4.1. 7.4.2 Reference Device construction See ISO/IEC 10373-6,
30、5.4.2. The Reference Device coils layouts shall be as defined in ISO/IEC 10373-6:2010 Amd.1, Annex D.3. NOTE When the antenna larger than “Class 3”, the Reference Device 1 coils as defined in ISO/IEC 10373-6:2011/ Amd.1 Annex D.1 may be used in addition to the Reference Device 3. 7.4.3 Reference Dev
31、ice resonance frequency tuning See ISO/IEC 10373-6, 5.4.3. Ecma International 2013 38 Functional Test Initiator 8.1 Initiator RF field detection 8.1.1 Purpose The purpose of this test is to verify that the Initiator detects an external RF field with a field strength higher than HThreshold as specifi
32、ed in 8.4 of ECMA-340. 8.1.2 Test procedure The test assembly as specified in 7.3 is used. Step 1: The RF power delivered by the signal generator to the Test PCD antenna shall be adjusted to the required field strength in the range of 0 up to Hmaxas measured by the calibration coil without any NFCIP
33、-1 device. The output of the test circuit is connected to a digital sampling oscilloscope. The potentiometer P1 shall be trimmed to minimize the residual carrier. This signal shall be at least 40 dB lower than the signal obtained by shorting one sense coil so that it can be used to detect if the DUT
34、 switches on the RF field. Step 2: The NFCIP-1 device under test shall be placed in the DUT position, concentric with sense coil a. The DUT shall be set into Initiator mode. The signal generator shall start to generate a non-modulated RF-field at the frequency fc. The field strength shall be increas
35、ed linearly in the range from 0 up to maximum field strength Hmwhich can be applied, not preventing the Initiator to switch on its RF field. The test shall verify if the Initiator correctly handles its RF-field: The DUT passes this test if Hm is below HThreshold.8.1.3 Test report The test report sha
36、ll indicate whether the Initiator behaves correctly according to the procedure described in 8.1.2. 8.2 Initiator field strength in active and passive communication mode 8.2.1 Purpose The purpose of this test is to verify that the field strength produced by an Initiator in its operating volume as spe
37、cified in 8.2 of ECMA-340.8.2.2 Test procedure See ISO/IEC 10373-6, 7.1.1.2. 8.2.3 Test report See ISO/IEC 10373-6, 7.1.1.3. 4 Ecma International 20138.3 Initiator modulation index and waveform transmission in active and passive communication mode 8.3.1 Purpose The purpose of this test is to verify
38、that the modulation index of the Initiator field as well as the rise and fall times and the overshoot values for all bit rates are as specified in 9.2.1.2 and 9.2.2.2 of ECMA-340 within the defined operating volume. 8.3.2 Test procedure See ISO/IEC 10373-6, 7.1.4.2. 8.3.3 Test report The test report
39、 shall give the measured modulation index of the Initiator field, the rise and fall times and overshoot values, within the defined operating volume in unloaded and loaded conditions. 8.4 Initiator load modulation reception in passive communication mode 8.4.1 Purpose The purpose of this test is to ve
40、rify that the Initiator detects the load modulation of a Target as specified in 9.3.2.2 and 9.3.3.2 of ECMA-340. 8.4.2 Test procedure See ISO/IEC 10373-6, 7.1.5.2. 8.4.3 Test report The test report shall give the Initiator load modulation for the tested positions. 8.5 Initiator modulation index and
41、waveform reception in active communication mode 8.5.1 Purpose The purpose of this test is used to verify that the Initiator detects the modulation waveforms of a Target in active communication mode as specified in 9.2.1.2 and 9.2.2.2 of ECMA-340. 8.5.2 Bit rate of 106 kbit/s 8.5.2.1 Test condition S
42、ee ISO/IEC 10373-6, 7.2.2.2.1. 8.5.2.2 Test procedure The test assembly as defined in 7.3 is used. Under the conditions defined in 8.5.2.1 the Initiator shall detect the modulation waveform sent by the test assembly and continue normal operation. Ecma International 2013 58.5.2.3 Test report The test
43、 report shall confirm the intended operation of the Initiator. Used test conditions shall be mentioned in the test report. 8.5.3 Bit rates of 212 kbit/s and 424 kbit/s 8.5.3.1 Test condition See ISO/IEC 10373-6 7.2.2.3.1. 8.5.3.2 Test procedure The test assembly as defined in 7.3 is used. Under the
44、conditions defined in 8.5.3.1 the Initiator shall detect the modulation waveform sent by the test assembly and continue normal operation. 8.5.3.3 Test report The test report shall confirm the intended operation of the Initiator. Used test conditions shall be mentioned in the test report. 8.6 Initiat
45、or maximum loading effect test in active communication mode (Optional) 8.6.1 Purpose The purpose of this test is to understand that the loading effect of the Initiator during reception in active communication mode is whether less or more than that of the Reference Device. 8.6.2 Test procedure As def
46、ined for the Class 3 PICC in ISO/IEC 10373-6:2010/Amd.1, 7.2.4.2 and a DC voltage at CON3 of 4,5 V. 8.6.3 Test report See ISO/IEC 10373-6, 7.2.4.3. 9 Functional Test Target 9.1 Target load modulation transmission in passive communication mode 9.1.1 Purpose The purpose of these tests is to verify tha
47、t the amplitude of the Targets load modulation signal is as specified in 9.3.2.2 and 9.3.3.2 of ECMA-340. 9.1.2 Test procedure ECMA-340 specifies 3 different bit rates for the passive communication mode. The test for the Target in the passive communication mode shall be performed at 106 kbit/s, 212
48、kbit/s and 424 kbit/s. 6 Ecma International 20139.1.2.1 Test procedure for 106 kbit/s As defined for the PICC in ISO/IEC 10373-6, 7.2.1.2. 9.1.2.2 Test report at 106 kbit/s If the amplitudes of the upper sideband fc+fs and the lower sideband fc-fs respectively are above the values specified in ECMA-
49、340 then this test passes. 9.1.2.3 Test procedure for 212 kbit/s and 424 kbit/s As specified for the PICC in ISO/IEC 10373-6, 7.2.1.2, but replace “subcarrier” by “carrier. A REQA or REQB command sequence shall be replaced by a Polling Request command specified in ECMA-340, and a signal or load modulation response shall be replaced by a Polling Response command specified in ECMA-340. 9.1.2.4 Test report at 212 kbit/s and 424 kbit/s If the amplitudes of the modulated data are above the values specified in ECMA-340 then this test passe
