1、 Standard ECMA-48Fifth Edition - June 1991Reprinted June 1998Standardizing Information and Communication Systems Control Functions for Coded Character Sets Phone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.ch . Standard ECMA-48June 1991Standardizing In
2、formation and Communication Systems Control Functions for Coded Character Sets Phone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.ch IW ECMA-048.doc 21-01-03 16,29 . Brief History As part of the work on coded character set standards, TC1, the coding com
3、mittee of ECMA, worked on the definition and the coding of control functions to be used with the various standards for coded graphic character sets produced by ECMA, viz. ECMA-6, ECMA-94, ECMA-113, ECMA-114, ECMA-118, ECMA-121, ECMA-128, and ECMA-144. The first edition of this Standard ECMA-48 was p
4、ublished in 1976. Further editions followed. The fourth edition, published in 1986 was adopted by ISO/IEC under the fast-track procedure as second edition of ISO 6429. It constitutes a repertoire of a large number of control functions the definitions and coded representations of which are thus stand
5、ardized. For each application the required selection of control functions can be made from this repertoire. This fifth edition of Standard ECMA-48 contains the control functions already standardized in the fourth edition and, in addition, new control functions needed for handling bi-directional text
6、s, i.e. texts comprising parts written with a left-to-right script and parts written with a right-to-left script. ECMA Technical Report TR/53 gives further information and examples of handling such texts. The inclusion of these specialized control functions has required a corresponding adjustment of
7、 the definitions of some of the other control functions. Moreover, the concept of “device“ had to be revised. This fifth edition has been contributed to ISO/IEC for adoption under the fast-track procedure as third edition of ISO/IEC 6429. Adopted by the General Assembly of ECMA on 13th June 1991. -
8、i - . Table of contents 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance 1 2.1 Types of conformance 1 2.2 Conformance of information interchange 1 2.3 Conformance of devices 1 2.3.1 Device description 1 2.3.2 Originating devices 2 2.3.3 Receiving devices 2 3 References 2 4 Notation and definitions 3 4.1 Notation 3 4.2 Defin
9、itions 3 4.2.1 Active area 3 4.2.2 Active field 3 4.2.3 Active line 3 4.2.4 Active page 3 4.2.5 Active data position 3 4.2.6 Active presentation position 3 4.2.7 Area 3 4.2.8 Auxiliary device 3 4.2.9 Bi-directional data 3 4.2.10 Bit combination 3 4.2.11 Byte 4 4.2.12 To cancel 4 4.2.13 Character 4 4
10、.2.14 Character-imaging device 4 4.2.15 Character path 4 4.2.16 Character position 4 4.2.17 Character progression 4 4.2.18 To clear 4 4.2.19 Coded character set; code 4 4.2.20 Coded-character-data-element (CC-data-element) 4 4.2.21 Code extension 4 4.2.22 Code table 4 4.2.23 Control character 4 4.2.
11、24 Control function 4 4.2.25 Control sequence 5 4.2.26 Control string 5 4.2.27 Cursor 5 4.2.28 Data component 5 4.2.29 Decimal mark 5 4.2.30 Default 5 4.2.31 To delete 5 4.2.32 To designate 5 4.2.33 Device 5 4.2.34 Display 5 4.2.35 Editor function 5 4.2.36 Eligible 5 4.2.37 Environment 5 - ii - 4.2.
12、38 To erase 5 4.2.39 Escape sequence 5 4.2.40 Field 5 4.2.41 Final Byte 6 4.2.42 Formator function 6 4.2.43 Graphic character 6 4.2.44 Graphic rendition 6 4.2.45 Graphic symbol 6 4.2.46 Guarded area 6 4.2.47 Initial state 6 4.2.48 Intermediate Byte 6 4.2.49 To invoke 6 4.2.50 Line 6 4.2.51 Line home
13、 position 6 4.2.52 Line limit position 6 4.2.53 Line orientation 6 4.2.54 Line progression 6 4.2.55 Operating system 7 4.2.56 Page 7 4.2.57 Page home position 7 4.2.58 Page limit position 7 4.2.59 Parameter Byte 7 4.2.60 Presentation component 7 4.2.61 Private (or experimental) use 7 4.2.62 Protecte
14、d area 7 4.2.63 Qualified area 7 4.2.64 Repertoire 7 4.2.65 Scroll 7 4.2.66 Selected area 7 4.2.67 Tabulation 7 4.2.68 Tabulation stop 7 4.2.69 User 7 5 Coded representation 8 5.1 General 8 5.2 Elements of the C0 set 8 5.3 Elements of the C1 set 8 5.4 Control sequences 10 5.4.1 Parameter representat
15、ion 11 5.4.2 Parameter string format 12 5.4.3 Types of parameters 12 5.5 Independent control functions 12 5.6 Control strings 13 6 Device concepts 13 6.1 Components 14 6.1.1 Presentation component 14 6.1.2 The active presentation position 15 6.1.3 Data component 15 6.1.4 The active data position 15
16、6.1.5 Relationship between active data position and active presentation position 15 6.1.6 Implicit movement 16 6.1.7 Explicit movement 17 6.1.8 Indirect movement 17 6.2 The data stream 17 - iii - 6.2.1 Data organization 17 6.3 The graphic image output 18 6.4 Formator functions and editor functions 1
17、8 6.4.1 Formator functions 18 6.4.2 Composite graphic characters 18 6.4.3 Editor functions 18 6.5 Selected and qualified areas 18 6.5.1 Selected areas 19 6.5.2 Qualified areas 19 6.6 Auxiliary input/output devices 20 6.7 Tabulation and fields 20 7 Modes 20 7.1 The concept of modes 20 7.2 Definition
18、of modes 20 7.2.1 BDSM - BI-DIRECTIONAL SUPPORT MODE 21 7.2.2 CRM - CONTROL REPRESENTATION MODE 22 7.2.3 DCSM - DEVICE COMPONENT SELECT MODE 22 7.2.4 ERM - ERASURE MODE 22 7.2.5 FEAM - FORMAT EFFECTOR ACTION MODE 22 7.2.6 FETM - FORMAT EFFECTOR TRANSFER MODE 22 7.2.7 GATM - GUARDED AREA TRANSFER MOD
19、E 23 7.2.8 GRCM - GRAPHIC RENDITION COMBINATION MODE 23 7.2.9 HEM - CHARACTER EDITING MODE 23 7.2.10 IRM - INSERTION REPLACEMENT MODE 24 7.2.11 KAM - KEYBOARD ACTION MODE 24 7.2.12 MATM - MULTIPLE AREA TRANSFER MODE 24 7.2.13 PUM - POSITIONING UNIT MODE 24 7.2.14 SATM - SELECTED AREA TRANSFER MODE 2
20、4 7.2.15 SRM - SEND/RECEIVE MODE 24 7.2.16 SRTM - STATUS REPORT TRANSFER MODE 24 7.2.17 TSM - TABULATION STOP MODE 25 7.2.18 TTM - TRANSFER TERMINATION MODE 25 7.2.19 VEM - LINE EDITING MODE 25 7.2.20 ZDM - ZERO DEFAULT MODE 25 7.3 Interaction between modes 26 7.3.1 GUARDED AREA TRANSFER MODE (GATM)
21、, MULTIPLE AREA TRANSFER MODE (MATM), SELECTED AREA TRANSFER MODE (SATM), and TRANSFER TERMINATION MODE (TTM) 26 7.3.2 CONTROL REPRESENTATION MODE (CRM) and FORMAT EFFECTOR ACTION MODE (FEAM) 26 7.3.3 CHARACTER EDITING MODE (HEM) and INSERTION REPLACEMENT MODE (IRM) 26 7.3.4 BI-DIRECTIONAL SUPPORT M
22、ODE (BDSM) and DEVICE COMPONENT SELECT MODE (DCSM) 27 7.4 Private modes 27 8 Control functions 27 8.1 Types of control functions 27 8.2 Categories of control functions 28 8.2.1 Delimiters 28 8.2.2 Introducers 28 8.2.3 Shift functions 28 8.2.4 Format effectors 28 8.2.5 Presentation control functions
23、29 - iv - 8.2.6 Editor functions 30 8.2.7 Cursor control functions 31 8.2.8 Display control functions 31 8.2.9 Device control functions 31 8.2.10 Information separators 31 8.2.11 Area definition 32 8.2.12 Mode setting 32 8.2.13 Transmission control functions 32 8.2.14 Miscellaneous control functions
24、 32 8.3 Definition of control functions 33 8.3.1 ACK - ACKNOWLEDGE 33 8.3.2 APC - APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND 33 8.3.3 BEL - BELL 33 8.3.4 BPH - BREAK PERMITTED HERE 33 8.3.5 BS - BACKSPACE 34 8.3.6 CAN - CANCEL 34 8.3.7 CBT - CURSOR BACKWARD TABULATION 34 8.3.8 CCH - CANCEL CHARACTER 34 8.3.9 CHA -
25、 CURSOR CHARACTER ABSOLUTE 34 8.3.10 CHT - CURSOR FORWARD TABULATION 34 8.3.11 CMD - CODING METHOD DELIMITER 34 8.3.12 CNL - CURSOR NEXT LINE 35 8.3.13 CPL - CURSOR PRECEDING LINE 35 8.3.14 CPR - ACTIVE POSITION REPORT 35 8.3.15 CR - CARRIAGE RETURN 35 8.3.16 CSI - CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER 36 8.3
26、.17 CTC - CURSOR TABULATION CONTROL 36 8.3.18 CUB - CURSOR LEFT 36 8.3.19 CUD - CURSOR DOWN 36 8.3.20 CUF - CURSOR RIGHT 36 8.3.21 CUP - CURSOR POSITION 36 8.3.22 CUU - CURSOR UP 37 8.3.23 CVT - CURSOR LINE TABULATION 37 8.3.24 DA - DEVICE ATTRIBUTES 37 8.3.25 DAQ - DEFINE AREA QUALIFICATION 37 8.3.
27、26 DCH - DELETE CHARACTER 38 8.3.27 DCS - DEVICE CONTROL STRING 38 8.3.28 DC1 - DEVICE CONTROL ONE 38 8.3.29 DC2 - DEVICE CONTROL TWO 38 8.3.30 DC3 - DEVICE CONTROL THREE 39 8.3.31 DC4 - DEVICE CONTROL FOUR 39 8.3.32 DL - DELETE LINE 39 8.3.33 DLE - DATA LINK ESCAPE 39 8.3.34 DMI - DISABLE MANUAL IN
28、PUT 39 8.3.35 DSR - DEVICE STATUS REPORT 40 8.3.36 DTA - DIMENSION TEXT AREA 40 8.3.37 EA - ERASE IN AREA 40 8.3.38 ECH - ERASE CHARACTER 41 8.3.39 ED - ERASE IN PAGE 41 8.3.40 EF - ERASE IN FIELD 41 8.3.41 EL - ERASE IN LINE 42 8.3.42 EM - END OF MEDIUM 42 8.3.43 EMI - ENABLE MANUAL INPUT 42 8.3.44
29、 ENQ - ENQUIRY 43 8.3.45 EOT - END OF TRANSMISSION 43 8.3.46 EPA - END OF GUARDED AREA 43 8.3.47 ESA - END OF SELECTED AREA 43 - v - 8.3.48 ESC - ESCAPE 43 8.3.49 ETB - END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK 43 8.3.50 ETX - END OF TEXT 43 8.3.51 FF - FORM FEED 44 8.3.52 FNK - FUNCTION KEY 44 8.3.53 FNT - FONT SE
30、LECTION 44 8.3.54 GCC - GRAPHIC CHARACTER COMBINATION 44 8.3.55 GSM - GRAPHIC SIZE MODIFICATION 45 8.3.56 GSS - GRAPHIC SIZE SELECTION 45 8.3.57 HPA - CHARACTER POSITION ABSOLUTE 45 8.3.58 HPB - CHARACTER POSITION BACKWARD 45 8.3.59 HPR - CHARACTER POSITION FORWARD 45 8.3.60 HT - CHARACTER TABULATIO
31、N 45 8.3.61 HTJ - CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION 46 8.3.62 HTS - CHARACTER TABULATION SET 46 8.3.63 HVP - CHARACTER AND LINE POSITION 46 8.3.64 ICH - INSERT CHARACTER 46 8.3.65 IDCS - IDENTIFY DEVICE CONTROL STRING 47 8.3.66 IGS - IDENTIFY GRAPHIC SUBREPERTOIRE 47 8.3.67 IL - INSERT LINE 47
32、 8.3.68 INT - INTERRUPT 48 8.3.69 IS1 - INFORMATION SEPARATOR ONE (US - UNIT SEPARATOR) 48 8.3.70 IS2 - INFORMATION SEPARATOR TWO (RS - RECORD SEPARATOR) 48 8.3.71 IS3 - INFORMATION SEPARATOR THREE (GS - GROUP SEPARATOR) 48 8.3.72 IS4 - INFORMATION SEPARATOR FOUR (FS - FILE SEPARATOR) 48 8.3.73 JFY
33、- JUSTIFY 48 8.3.74 LF - LINE FEED 49 8.3.75 LS0 - LOCKING-SHIFT ZERO 49 8.3.76 LS1 - LOCKING-SHIFT ONE 49 8.3.77 LS1R - LOCKING-SHIFT ONE RIGHT 49 8.3.78 LS2 - LOCKING-SHIFT TWO 49 8.3.79 LS2R - LOCKING-SHIFT TWO RIGHT 49 8.3.80 LS3 - LOCKING-SHIFT THREE 50 8.3.81 LS3R - LOCKING-SHIFT THREE RIGHT 5
34、0 8.3.82 MC - MEDIA COPY 50 8.3.83 MW - MESSAGE WAITING 50 8.3.84 NAK - NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE 50 8.3.85 NBH - NO BREAK HERE 50 8.3.86 NEL - NEXT LINE 51 8.3.87 NP - NEXT PAGE 51 8.3.88 NUL - NULL 51 8.3.89 OSC - OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND 51 8.3.90 PEC - PRESENTATION EXPAND OR CONTRACT 51 8.3.91 PFS -
35、PAGE FORMAT SELECTION 52 8.3.92 PLD - PARTIAL LINE FORWARD 52 8.3.93 PLU - PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD 53 8.3.94 PM - PRIVACY MESSAGE 53 8.3.95 PP - PRECEDING PAGE 53 8.3.96 PPA - PAGE POSITION ABSOLUTE 53 8.3.97 PPB - PAGE POSITION BACKWARD 53 8.3.98 PPR - PAGE POSITION FORWARD 53 8.3.99 PTX - PARALLEL T
36、EXTS 53 8.3.100 PU1 - PRIVATE USE ONE 54 8.3.101 PU2 - PRIVATE USE TWO 54 8.3.102 QUAD - QUAD 55 8.3.103 REP - REPEAT 55 8.3.104 RI - REVERSE LINE FEED 55 8.3.105 RIS - RESET TO INITIAL STATE 55 - vi - 8.3.106 RM - RESET MODE 56 8.3.107 SACS - SET ADDITIONAL CHARACTER SEPARATION 56 8.3.108 SAPV - SE
37、LECT ALTERNATIVE PRESENTATION VARIANTS 57 8.3.109 SCI - SINGLE CHARACTER INTRODUCER 58 8.3.110 SCO - SELECT CHARACTER ORIENTATION 58 8.3.111 SCP - SELECT CHARACTER PATH 58 8.3.112 SCS - SET CHARACTER SPACING 59 8.3.113 SD - SCROLL DOWN 59 8.3.114 SDS - START DIRECTED STRING 59 8.3.115 SEE - SELECT E
38、DITING EXTENT 60 8.3.116 SEF - SHEET EJECT AND FEED 60 8.3.117 SGR - SELECT GRAPHIC RENDITION 61 8.3.118 SHS - SELECT CHARACTER SPACING 63 8.3.119 SI - SHIFT-IN 63 8.3.120 SIMD - SELECT IMPLICIT MOVEMENT DIRECTION 63 8.3.121 SL - SCROLL LEFT 63 8.3.122 SLH - SET LINE HOME 64 8.3.123 SLL - SET LINE L
39、IMIT 64 8.3.124 SLS - SET LINE SPACING 64 8.3.125 SM - SET MODE 65 8.3.126 SO - SHIFT-OUT 65 8.3.127 SOH - START OF HEADING 65 8.3.128 SOS - START OF STRING 66 8.3.129 SPA - START OF GUARDED AREA 66 8.3.130 SPD - SELECT PRESENTATION DIRECTIONS 66 8.3.131 SPH - SET PAGE HOME 67 8.3.132 SPI - SPACING
40、INCREMENT 67 8.3.133 SPL - SET PAGE LIMIT 68 8.3.134 SPQR - SELECT PRINT QUALITY AND RAPIDITY 68 8.3.135 SR - SCROLL RIGHT 68 8.3.136 SRCS - SET REDUCED CHARACTER SEPARATION 68 8.3.137 SRS - START REVERSED STRING 69 8.3.138 SSA - START OF SELECTED AREA 69 8.3.139 SSU - SELECT SIZE UNIT 69 8.3.140 SS
41、W - SET SPACE WIDTH 70 8.3.141 SS2 - SINGLE-SHIFT TWO 70 8.3.142 SS3 - SINGLE-SHIFT THREE 70 8.3.143 ST - STRING TERMINATOR 70 8.3.144 STAB - SELECTIVE TABULATION 71 8.3.145 STS - SET TRANSMIT STATE 71 8.3.146 STX - START OF TEXT 71 8.3.147 SU - SCROLL UP 71 8.3.148 SUB - SUBSTITUTE 71 8.3.149 SVS -
42、 SELECT LINE SPACING 71 8.3.150 SYN - SYNCHRONOUS IDLE 72 8.3.151 TAC - TABULATION ALIGNED CENTRED 72 8.3.152 TALE - TABULATION ALIGNED LEADING EDGE 72 8.3.153 TATE - TABULATION ALIGNED TRAILING EDGE 72 8.3.154 TBC - TABULATION CLEAR 73 8.3.155 TCC - TABULATION CENTRED ON CHARACTER 73 8.3.156 TSR -
43、TABULATION STOP REMOVE 73 8.3.157 TSS - THIN SPACE SPECIFICATION 73 8.3.158 VPA - LINE POSITION ABSOLUTE 74 8.3.159 VPB - LINE POSITION BACKWARD 74 8.3.160 VPR - LINE POSITION FORWARD 74 8.3.161 VT - LINE TABULATION 74 8.3.162 VTS - LINE TABULATION SET 74 - vii - 9 Transformation between 7-bit and 8
44、-bit coded representations 74 Annex A - Formator functions and editor functions 77 Annex B - Coding examples 79 Annex C - Text composition considerations 81 Annex D - Implementation-dependent features 83 Annex E - Text area formats 85 Annex F - Differences between the fifth and the fourth edition of
45、 ECMA-48 87 - viii - . 1 Scope This ECMA Standard defines control functions and their coded representations for use in a 7-bit code, an extended 7-bit code, an 8-bit code or an extended 8-bit code, if such a code is structured in accordance with Standard ECMA-35. The control functions defined in thi
46、s Standard are intended to be used embedded in character-coded data for interchange, in particular with character-imaging devices. In general, the control functions are defined by their effects on a character-imaging input/output device. It is, therefore, necessary to make certain assumptions about
47、the architecture of such a device. These assumptions are as unrestrictive as possible; they are specified in clause 6. In addition to being performed the control functions may need to be represented by a graphic symbol. The structure of this Standard is open-ended, so that more control functions can
48、 be included in future editions. Other standards specifying control functions may define more restricted definitions of them than those in this Standard. The devices to which this Standard applies can vary greatly from each other depending on the application for which a device has been specifically
49、designed. It is technically and economically impractical for one device to implement all the facilities specified in this Standard. The intention is that in any type of device only a limited selection of the facilities appropriate to the application will be implemented. 2 Conformance 2.1 Types of conformance Full conformance to a standard means that all of its requirements are met. Conformance will only have a unique meaning if the standard contains no options. If there are options within the standard they must be clearly identified, and any claim of conformance must include a statement
