1、ECMA Technical Report TR/74June 1999Standardizing Information and Communication SystemsPhone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.chA Guide to the Application ofthe EMC Directive to ITE.ECMA Technical Report TR/74June 1999Standardizing Informati
2、on and Communication SystemsPhone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.chIW TR-74.DOC 15-07-99 15,07A Guide to the Application ofthe EMC Directive to ITE.This Technical Report has been adopted by the ECMA General Assembly of June 1999.- i -Table
3、 of contents1 Summary 12 Objective 13 Scope of the Directive 13.1 Individual Finished Devices 13.2 Systems 13.3 Components with a Direct Function 23.4 Installations 24 Products outside the scope of the EMC Directive 24.1 Combinations of devices not placed on the market as a Single Commercial Unit 24
4、.2 Components without a Direct Function 34.3 Spare parts for non-CE Mark Apparatus placed on the Market before 1st January 1996 34.4 Devices which are unable to cause electromagnetic disturbances 35 Placing on the Market / Taking into Service 36 Conformity Assessment and EC Doc 46.1 An Individual Fi
5、nished Device 56.1.1 Variants of an Individual Finished Device 56.1.2 OEM Devices 56.2 Devices undergoing further Manufacture or Modification 56.3 Modular Devices 66.4 Systems placed on the market as a Single Commercial Unit 66.5 Combinations of devices not placed on the market as a Single Commercia
6、l Unit 76.6 Component with a Direct Function 77 Applicable Harmonised Standards 77.1 RF emission standards 87.1.1 ITE 87.1.2 Class A or Class B ? 97.1.3 Non-ITE 107.2 LF emission standards 107.3 Immunity standards 107.4 Deviations from test methods in standards 118 Limiting your risk 128.1 Integrato
7、rs 128.2 EMC Test Laboratory Selection 12Annex A - Examples of System Apparatus and Test Requirements 13- ii -.1 SummaryThe EMC Directive1 and the European Commission Guidelines2 apply to a great diversity of equipment andare therefore written in general terms. Interpretation of how the requirements
8、 apply to ITE is often difficultand can lead to widely differing practices between manufacturers. This Guide is intended to supplement theEuropean Commission Guidelines and clarify their application to ITE.It represents the interpretations and recommendations agreed by the ECMA member companies, and
9、 is notintended in any way to be legal advice. ECMA accepts no responsibility for any consequences a manufacturermay face as a result of following these recommendations.1 Council Directive 89/336/EEC of 3rd May 1989 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating toelectromagnetic com
10、patibility (Official Journal of the European Communities, L139, 23rd May 1989).2 Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC Guide to the application of Directive 89/336/EEC (Office for OfficialPublications of the European Communities, 1997 ISBN 92-828-0762-2).2 ObjectiveTo clarify the scope of the EMC Direct
11、ive in relation to ITE apparatus, components and systems, and tomake recommendations on how to comply with its requirements for conformity assessment, the ECDeclaration of Conformity (EC DOC) and the CE Mark.NOTEThe CE Mark implies that the device complies with all applicable Directives; this Guide
12、addresses only therequirements of the EMC Directive.3 Scope of the DirectiveThe EMC Directive applies to “apparatus“, defined as electrical equipment which is liable to generateelectromagnetic disturbance or suffer degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic disturbance,and which is “p
13、laced on the market“ or “taken into service“ as a single commercial unit. In reference toArticles 1 (1) and 2 (1) of the EMC Directive, and the European Commission Guidelines Chapter 5.1.Apparatus includes the following;3.1 Individual Finished DevicesRefer to European Commission Guidelines Chapters
14、6.3 and 6.3.1.Individual finished devices that are not intended solely for incorporation into other apparatus areconsidered to be apparatus for the purposes of the EMC Directive. Examples are:- Computers- Computer peripherals- External disk drives- External power supplies- Battery chargers- AC/DC ad
15、apters- Single line telephone / data terminal equipment3.2 SystemsRefer to European Commission Guidelines Chapter 6.4.2.“Systems“, defined as combinations of separate devices intended to be placed on the market together as asingle commercial unit, are considered to be apparatus for the purposes of t
16、he EMC Directive. A systemfulfils one or more of the following criteria:(a) It is advertised in sales literature under a single product identity i.e. Product type number, modelnumber, part number or stock number.- 2 -(b) The combination of devices is specified by the manufacturer but may be tailored
17、 to suit the needs ofthe user.(c) Not all of the devices are available separately.Examples are:- Combination of PC and peripheral device(s) advertised for sale together under a single productidentity.- Computer with internal configuration specified by the user from a list of options specified by the
18、manufacturer for that computer.- “Modular“ PC for which the internal configuration is specified by the system integrator, or by the userfrom a list of options specified by the integrator.- Telecommunications / data switches and multiplexers.3.3 Components with a Direct FunctionRefer to European Comm
19、ission Guidelines Chapter 6.2.3.Components, subassemblies or other devices which are intended for incorporation into apparatus, andwhich have a “direct function“ for the end user, are considered to be apparatus for the purposes of theEMC Directive. A “direct function“ is any function performed direc
20、tly for the user of the apparatus.Examples of components with a direct function are:- Adapter cards- Cards or modules that expand or enhance the minimum level of function of the apparatus, e.g. memoryexpansion or processor enhancement / duplication- Internal disk drives- Telecommunications and data
21、terminals which operate as an entirety with a single switch (systemterminals)In general, a component with a direct function and which is placed on the market as a spare part isconsidered to be apparatus. However, there is one exception to this rule; see Section 4.3.3.4 InstallationsRefer to European
22、 Commission Guidelines Chapter 6.5.Fixed installations, defined as any combination of equipment, system, individual finished products andcomponents, assembled or erected by an assembler / installer at a given place to operate together toperform a specific task, but not intended to be placed on the m
23、arket and a single commercial unit, areconsidered to be “apparatus” for the purposes of the EMC Directive. In general, the user does not specifythe combination of devices which constitutes the installation.It is considered that no ITE falls under the definition of “installation”.4 Products outside t
24、he scope of the EMC Directive“Apparatus“ does not include the following:4.1 Combinations of devices not placed on the market as a Single Commercial UnitRefer to European Commission Guidelines Chapter 6.4.1.Combinations of separate devices connected or installed together by or for the user, but not p
25、laced on themarket together as a single commercial unit, are not considered to be apparatus for the purposes of theEMC Directive. Such a combination fulfils one or more of the following criteria:(a) The constituent units are placed on the market in separate sales transactions, and not advertised ins
26、ales literature under a single product identity.(b) The user specifies the combination of devices.- 3 -Examples are:- PC, monitor, keyboard and printer etc. purchased together by the user but available individually fromthe manufacturer.- Host CPU with terminals or workstations spread throughout a bu
27、ilding, e.g. office building, factory,bank or supermarket4.2 Components without a Direct FunctionRefer to European Commission Guidelines Chapter 6.2.2.Components, subassemblies or other units which are intended for incorporation into apparatus, but whichhave no “direct function“ for the end user, ar
28、e not considered to be apparatus for the purposes of the EMCDirective.Examples are:- Components forming parts of electrical circuits, e.g. Resistors, capacitors, coils, transformers, diodes,transistors.- Cards or modules required for the minimum level of function of the apparatus, e.g. central proce
29、ssing,minimum memory.- Internal power supplies, including batteries.- Cathode ray tubes, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs).- Private Telecommunications and Data Networks.Apparatus in which such components are incorporated must conform to the requirements of the EMCDirectiv
30、e. It may therefore be necessary to perform EMC tests on the component when installed in atypical apparatus.4.3 Spare parts for non-CE Mark Apparatus placed on the Market before 1st January 1996Refer to European Commission Guidelines Chapter 7.4.A component which is placed on the market as a spare p
31、art, even if it has a direct function as defined bySection 3.3 of this Guide, is considered to be outside the scope of the EMC Directive if it isEXCLUSIVELY intended for the replacement of an IDENTICAL part of a unit which does not complywith the EMC Directive because it was placed on the market bef
32、ore 1st January 1996 (the date at whichthe EMC Directive became mandatory).4.4 Devices which are unable to cause electromagnetic disturbancesRefer to European Commission Guidelines Chapter 5.3.Devices which are intrinsically unable to cause, or have their performance degraded by, electromagneticdist
33、urbances are not considered to be apparatus for the purposes of the EMC Directive. This includesinterface cables and connectors.NOTECables and connectors may propagate electromagnetic disturbances, but are not capable of causing orhaving their performance degraded by them.5 Placing on the Market / T
34、aking into ServiceRefer to European Commission Guidelines Chapters 3.1 and 3.2.“Apparatus“ may only be “placed on the market“ or “taken into service“ in the EEA after it has undergone theconformity assessment procedures of Article 10 of the EMC Directive, and the CE Mark has been affixed.“Placing on
35、 the market“ for the purpose of the EMC Directive, means the first making available in the EEA,against payment or free of charge, of a unit of apparatus, for the purpose of distribution and/or use on EEAterritory. It includes:(a) The passing of a unit newly-manufactured in the EEA from the manufactu
36、ring stage to the stage ofdistribution or use on EEA territory.- 4 -(b) The passing of a unit newly-manufactured outside the EEA from the importing stage to the stage ofdistribution or use on EEA territory.(c) The re-sale of a unit to a party within the EEA from a party outside the EEA, having never
37、 before beenplaced on the market in the EEA.It does not include:(a) The supply of a device EXCLUSIVELY for incorporation into apparatus, in a professional assemblyoperation.(b) The supply of an unfinished device to an assembler or integrator for further manufacture.(c) The re-sale of a unit to a par
38、ty within the EEA from another party within the EEA.(d) The manufacture of a unit in the EEA for export to a non-EEA country.(e) The import of a unit into the EEA for the purpose of re-export to a non-EEA country, either with orwithout further manufacture.(f) The display of a unit at a trade show (s
39、ee Note).(g) The temporary disposal of a unit from the manufacturer to another party for compliance testing orcustomer demonstration purposes (see Note).(h) The export or use of engineering prototypes.“Taking into service“, for the purpose of the EMC Directive, means the first use of a unit on EEA t
40、erritory,by the end user. When a unit is manufactured in the EEA for sole use of the manufacturer, or imported intothe EEA for the sole use of the importer, it is not placed on the market, but conformity with the Directive isnevertheless required before the unit can be taken into service.“Taking int
41、o service” does not include;(a) Operation of an engineering prototype by the manufacturer.(b) Operation of a device at a trade show. (See Note)(c) Operation of a device by a party other than the manufacturer for the purpose of compliance testing, or bya prospective customer for “Beta” testing. (See
42、Note)NOTEIf apparatus is displayed at a trade show before conformity with the EMC Directive has been determined orachieved, then the following notice should be displayed along with it:“Conformity of this apparatus with the requirements of European Council Directive 89/336/EEC on theapproximation of
43、the laws of the member states relating to electromagnetic compatibility has not yet beenassessed and declared. This apparatus is exclusively for exhibition and is therefore not “placed on themarket” within the meaning of the Directive. It will not be placed on the market until conformity has beenver
44、ified and declared.”If the product is shipped into the EU or across internal borders for compliance testing or “beta” testing, it isrecommended that the documentation accompanying the product includes a similar statement (“exhibition” inthe text may be replaced by “testing” as appropriate).6 Conform
45、ity Assessment and EC DocThe following sections of this guide assume that the harmonised standards procedure of Article 10 (1) of theEMC Directive is used. The Technical Construction File (TCF) procedure of Article 10 (2) is not addressedin this Guide because the contents and use of the TCF depend v
46、ery much in the individual case, makingadvice over and above that in the European Commission Guidelines impossible. However, what the followingSections say about the EC DOC is applicable to both the Article 10 (1) and 10 (2) procedures.The procedures of Article 10 (5) for radiocommunications equipme
47、nt are not addressed in this guide.- 5 -6.1 An Individual Finished DeviceGenerally, the manufacturer tests to the applicable harmonised standards and draws up an EC DOC. If thedevice is normally used in combination with other apparatus, then it should be tested in one or moretypical combinations.6.1
48、.1 Variants of an Individual Finished DeviceRefer to European Commission Guidelines Chapter 6.4.3.If several variants of the device are marketed under the same product identifier, then only one EC DOCis necessary. If it is possible to identify the likely “worst-case“ variant, then only this variant
49、need betested. If the variants are likely to have similar EMC characteristics, then only a typical variant need betested.If there are variants of an apparatus consisting of the same basic device with various internal “plug-in“options available in various combinations, then a number of typically-configured units should be testedto cover all the different options. Plug-ins which have already been tested in similar devices may beomitted unless their compliance was marginal.In all cases, the manufacturer is responsible for the compliance of all variants.If compliance with the
