1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1011-6:2005Welding Recommendation for welding of metallic materials Part 6: Laser beam weldingThe European Standard EN 1011-6:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 25.160.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g
2、40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 1011-6:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 26 January 2006 BSI 26 January 2006ISBN 0 580 47723 1National forewordThis
3、British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1011-6:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/-/1, Briefing committee for welding, which has the responsibility to:A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
4、request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI
5、 Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers
6、to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document compri
7、ses a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 40, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEE
8、UROPISCHE NORMEN 1011-6December 2005ICS 25.160.10English VersionWelding - Recommendation for welding of metallic materials -Part 6: Laser beam weldingSoudage - Recommandations pour le soudage desmatriaux mtalliques - Partie 6: Soudage par faisceaulaserSchweien - Empfehlungen zum Schweien metallische
9、rWerkstoffen - Teil 6: LaserstrahlschweienThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 November 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
10、 Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationund
11、er the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icela
12、nd, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B
13、-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1011-6:2005: EEN 1011-6:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page 1 Scope .6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions.6 4 Health and safety and protection of the environment
14、6 5 Quality requirements 6 6 Equipment .7 6.1 General 7 6.2 Provisions for acceptance testing.7 6.3 Provisions for maintenance and calibration.7 7 Qualification of welding personnel7 8 Welding procedure specification.8 9 Welding procedure test 8 10 Consumables 8 10.1 Filler metals.8 10.2 Gases .8 11
15、 Design9 11.1 Overall design of structure or product9 11.2 Joint design.9 11.3 Joint preparation.9 12 Laser beam welding10 12.1 Characteristics 10 12.2 Advantages and limitations12 12.3 Assembling and fixtures 13 12.4 Process control.13 12.5 Inspection and testing 13 12.6 Imperfections 13 Annex A (i
16、nformative) Equipment .14 A.1 Description of laser process14 A.2 Laser beam sources .15 A.3 Guiding, shaping and focusing the beam .17 A.4 Devices used to create a relative movement between the laser beam and the work piece 21 A.5 Fixtures used to hold the work piece 22 A.6 Cooling systems .22 A.7 C
17、ontrol systems22 Annex B (informative) Laser beam properties23 Annex C (informative) Information about weldability of metallic materials .25 C.1 General 25 C.2 Steels and iron alloys .25 C.3 Nickel alloys 26 C.4 Aluminium and magnesium alloys 27 C.5 Copper and its alloys27 C.6 Refractory and reactiv
18、e metals 27 C.7 Titanium and its alloys .27 C.8 Dissimilar metals.28 C.9 Non-metals 28 Annex D (informative) Information about causes of weld imperfections and prevention.29 EN 1011-6:2005 (E) 3 Annex E (informative) Beam control and monitoring 31 E.1 General 31 E.2 Focus point31 E.3 Beam alignment
19、and pilot beam coincidence.31 E.4 Beam power.32 E.5 Beam power distribution 32 E.6 Nozzle alignment.32 E.7 Pulsed beam power data 33 E.8 Manipulators, guides etc. .33 Annex F (informative) Laser beam processing 34 F.1 Laser beam cutting .34 F.2 Laser beam drilling .35 F.3 Laser beam surface treatmen
20、t .36 F.4 Laser beam cladding characteristics 37 F.5 Laser beam marking and engraving37 EN 1011-6:2005 (E) 4 Foreword This European Standard (EN 1011-6:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given
21、the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2006. This standard is composed of the following parts: Part 1: General guidance for arc welding; P
22、art 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels; Part 3: Arc welding of stainless steels; Part 4: Arc welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys; Part 5: Welding of clad steel; Part 6: Laser beam welding; Part 7: Electron beam welding; Part 8: Welding of cast irons (prepared by CEN/TC 190). According to the CE
23、N/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg
24、, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 1011-6:2005 (E) 5 Introduction This standard is being issued in several parts in order that it can be extended to cover the different types of metallic materials that will be produce
25、d to all European Standards for weldable metallic materials. When this European Standard is referenced for contractual purposes the ordering authority or contracting parties should state the need for compliance with the relevant parts of this standard and such other annexes as are appropriate. This
26、European Standard gives general guidance for the satisfactory production and control of welding and associated processes and details of some of the possible detrimental phenomena that can occur, with advice on methods by which they can be avoided. It is generally applicable to laser beam processing
27、of metallic materials and also to some extent for non-metallic materials. It is appropriate regardless of the type of fabrication involved, although the relevant product standard, structural code or the design specification can have additional requirements. Permissible design stresses, methods of te
28、sting and inspection levels are not included because they depend on the service conditions of the fabrication. These details should be obtained from the relevant application standard or by agreement between the contracting parties. It has been assumed in the drafting of the standard that the executi
29、on of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified, experienced and trained personnel. EN 1011-6:2005 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard gives general guidance for laser beam welding and associated processes of metallic materials in all forms of product (e.g. cast, wrought, extruded, for
30、ged). NOTE Some guidance on laser beam cutting, drilling, surface treatment and cladding is given in Annex F. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated r
31、eferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3834-2, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements (ISO 3834-2:2005) EN ISO 3834-5, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic ma
32、terials - Part 5: Documents with which it is necessary to confirm to claim conformity to the quality requirements of ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3 or ISO 3834-4 (ISO 3834-5:2005) EN ISO 11145:2001, Optics and optical instruments Lasers and laser-related equipment Vocabulary and symbols (ISO 11145:2001) EN
33、ISO 15609-4, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials Welding procedure specification Part 4: Laser beam welding (ISO 15609-4:2004) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 11145:2001 apply. 4 He
34、alth and safety and protection of the environment A general checklist on protection of the environment in welding and allied processes is in preparation by CEN/TC 121. It will cover laser applications. Laser beam processing introduces additional hazards over and above those normally experienced in a
35、rc welding. Specialist advice should be sought, see e.g. EN 60825-1 and EN ISO 11553-1. Guidance for safety aspects related to the application of industrial robots for manipulation of the focussing devices and/or the components to be welded can be found in EN 775. 5 Quality requirements Laser beam w
36、elding is a complex process needing detailed process control. All processing is performed under numerical control necessitating programming of each single operation. The application has to be controlled at a level compatible with EN ISO 3834-2 and EN ISO 3834-5. NOTE This does not entail a requireme
37、nt for certification but the process control should operate in accordance with EN ISO 3834-2 and EN ISO 3834-5. EN 1011-6:2005 (E) 7 It is a condition for efficient process control that quality requirements for joint geometry and other relevant requirements have been specified prior to start of fabr
38、ication. A number of European Standards specify joint geometry and relevant quality criteria and can be used for reference, as appropriate: Table 1 Quality criteria Requirements and tolerances Standard no. Quality requirements to beam welded joints EN ISO 13919-1 EN ISO 13919-2 Quality requirements
39、for cut surfaces EN ISO 9013 General tolerances EN ISO 13920 General requirements EN ISO 3834-2 and EN ISO 3834-5 specify provisions for information and items to be agreed and specified prior to the start of fabrication. EN 1011-1:1998, Annex A can be used as a guide in case EN ISO 3834-2 and EN ISO
40、 3834-5 are not called for. 6 Equipment 6.1 General Information about particular equipment for laser beam processing has to be found in information from the supplier. A number of textbooks and a large number of articles provide background information. Annex A provides some very general information o
41、n principles and techniques. Annex B provides general information on the properties of laser beams. 6.2 Provisions for acceptance testing Provisions for acceptance of laser beam equipment are found in the following standards, see Table 2. Table 2 Provisions for acceptance testing Type of equipment S
42、tandard no. CO2laser beam equipment EN ISO 15616-1, EN ISO 15616-2 and/or EN ISO 15616-3 Nd:YAG laser equipment EN ISO 22827-1, EN ISO 22827-2 6.3 Provisions for maintenance and calibration Provisions for maintenance are not standardised. The suppliers manuals have to be consulted. Principles for ca
43、libration, verification and validation and minimum requirements are specified in EN ISO 17662. 7 Qualification of welding personnel The requirements for the qualification of personnel for fully mechanised and automatic welding and allied processes are laid down in EN 1418. Among the different proced
44、ures specified in this European Standard, the functional test is particularly suitable as a basis for qualification of personnel responsible for the operation and set-up of laser beam processing. In a functional test, the operator or setter demonstrates his/her knowledge of working with a procedure
45、specification and of setting, supervising and checking the laser beam processing machine. EN 1011-6:2005 (E) 8 8 Welding procedure specification All details for the laser beam welding of components are to be recorded in a welding procedure specification (WPS) according to EN ISO 15609-4. Procedure s
46、pecification for cutting, drilling, surface treatment and cladding are not standardised. EN ISO 15609-4 can, however, give some guidance. 9 Welding procedure test Formal qualification of all procedures for laser processing is recommended for all applications and required for many applications. Quali
47、fication of procedures for laser beam welding (when required) can be performed by procedure testing, see EN ISO 15614-11. Qualification by pre-production testing can also be relevant, however, see EN ISO 15613. Qualification by pre-production testing is common practice for cutting, drilling and surf
48、ace treatment. EN ISO 15613 can give some guidance. Qualification of procedures for laser beam welding for cladding (when required) can be performed by procedure testing, see prEN ISO 15614-7. Qualification by pre-production testing can also be relevant, however, see EN ISO 15613. 10 Consumables 10.
49、1 Filler metals Filler metals are used for laser beam cladding and sometimes for laser beam welding. The main problem in regard to filler metals for laser applications is that the market for such filler metals is rather small and that dedicated standards for filler metals for laser applications do not exist. The usual form of delivery is solid cylindrical wires but powders can also be used, in particular for cladding. What is commercially available is: wires marketed as consumables for gas shielded metal arc welding and tungsten inert gas w
