1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12264:2005 Health informatics Categorial structures for systems of concepts The European Standard EN 12264:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 35.240.80 BS EN 12264:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Comm
2、ittee on 8 July 2005 BSI 8 July 2005 ISBN 0 580 46274 9 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12264:2005. It supersedes DD ENV 12264:1998 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/35, Health i
3、nformatics, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue
4、 under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
5、 application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests inform
6、ed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indic
7、ates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12264 June 2005 ICS 35.240.80 English version Health informatics - Categorial structures for systems of concepts Informatique de sant - Structures ca
8、tgorielles des systmes de concepts Medizinische Informatik - Kategoriale Struktur fr Begriffssysteme This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 April 2005. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
9、 the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Ger
10、man). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, De
11、nmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EU
12、ROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12264:2005: EEN 12264:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .6
13、 3 Terms and Definitions 6 4 Categorial structure description13 5 Conformance of a categorial structure to the document.13 Bibliography.14EN 12264:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 12264:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 251, “Health informatics“, the secretariat of
14、which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2005. According to the CEN/CENE
15、LEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mal
16、ta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 12264:2005 (E) 4 Introduction Computer-based processing and interchange of medical or clinical information require various kinds of terminological systems of concepts to represent that in
17、formation, such as controlled vocabularies, classifications, nomenclatures, terminologies and thesauri, with or without coding schemes. The specific terminological issues in the field of health informatics are: - large number of different terminological systems are available in different clinical sp
18、ecialties; -large overlap among the subject fields involved; -large number of codes and rubrics, typically in the order of magnitude of 10,000 to 100,000 entries, in commonly used terminological systems; - increasing need for re-use of coded data in different health-care contexts; - polysemy across
19、different clinical specialties and sometimes within them. The integration of computer-based medical records and administrative information systems in Electronic Health Records (EHR) requires rationalisation in the field, and a uniform way to represent the meaning of medical concepts to ensure that t
20、he receiver EHR of a message will catch the meaning introduced by the sender EHR and not only the string of characters embedded in it. It is not possible to impose a rigid uniform standardised natural language clinical terminology on healthcare providers. Instead a domain specific semantic model has
21、 been envisioned and applied in a series of specific European standards (EN) and international standards (ISO) on various subject fields to describe a set of categorial structures in partially overlapping subject fields: a European standard for surgical procedures (EN 1828), an ISO standard on integ
22、ration of a reference model for nursing (EN ISO 18104) and an ISO technical specification on medical devices. There are also several European Pre standards (ENV) for: clinical laboratory measurements (ENV 1614), medical devices (ENV 12611), vital signs (EN ISO:IEEE 11073-10101 - Part 10101: Nomencla
23、ture), point-of-care medical device communication (EN ISO:IEEE 11073-10101 - Part 10101: Nomenclature), medicinal products (ENV 12610), nursing (ENV 14032) and continuity of care (ENV 13940). This European Standard specifies the terminology and categorical structure description to be used for system
24、s of concepts. Field testing in several countries, revision and integration have provided the comprehensive basis for this document. EN 12264:2005 (E) 5 1 Scope 1.1 Main purpose The purpose of this European Standard is to establish the characteristics and the conformance rules required to synthetica
25、lly describe the organisation and content of a terminological system in health. This European Standard has been developed to allow the production of specific standards on categorial structures for particular healthcare subject fields with the minimum requirements to support meaningful exchange of in
26、formation. This European Standard is applicable to: - facilitate the construction of new terminological systems in a regular form which will increase their coherence and expressiveness; - facilitate maintenance of terminological systems; - increase consistency and coherence of existing terminologica
27、l systems; - allow systematic cross-references between items of different types of terminological systems; - facilitate convergence among terminological systems; - make explicit the overlap between different health care domains terminological systems; - provide elements for negotiation about integra
28、tion of different terminological systems into information systems between the respective developers; - enable the systematic evaluation of terminological systems. 1.2 Target groups The target groups for this European Standard are: - designers of specialised standard healthcare terminological categor
29、ial structures; - developers of healthcare terminological systems including classifications and coding systems; - producers of services for terminological systems and designers of software including applications for natural language processing; - information modellers, knowledge engineers, and stand
30、ards developers building models for health information management systems; - developers of information systems that require an explicit system of concepts; - developers of mark-up standards for representation of healthcare documents. 1.3 Topics outside the scope This European Standard has been devel
31、oped for use as an integrated part of computer-based applications and for the electronic healthcare record. It would be of limited value for manual use. EN 12264:2005 (E) 6 This European Standard itself is not suitable for or intended for use by individual clinicians or hospital administrators. It i
32、s not the purpose of this European Standard to standardise the end user classification or to conflict with the concept systems embedded in national practice and languages. This European Standard is applicable to any healthcare terminology in any healthcare terminological system. 2 Normative referenc
33、es Not applicable. 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 concept unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics (3.2) NOTE Concepts are not necessarily bound to particular languages. They are, however, influenc
34、ed by the social or cultural background often leading to different categorisations.ISO 1087-1:2000 3.2 characteristic abstraction of a property of an object (3.3) or of a set of objects (3.3) ISO 1087-1:2000 NOTE Characteristics are used for describing concepts (3.1) or of members of a set of object
35、s (3.3) which form the extension (3.27) of a concept (3.1) 3.3 object anything perceivable or conceivable NOTE Objects may be material (e.g. an engine, a sheet of paper, a diamond), immaterial (e.g. conversion ratio, a project plan) or imagined (e.g. a unicorn). ISO 1087-1:2000 3.4 concept system sy
36、stem of concepts set of concepts (3.1) structured according to the relations among them ISO 1087-1:2000 3.5 formal representation system of symbols which stand for concepts (3.1) and/or the relations between them and which is governed by explicit rules 3.6 concept representation formal representatio
37、n (3.5) of a concept (3.1) NOTE Informally, we often talk of concepts when we mean concept representations. However, this leads to confusion when precise meanings are required. Concepts arise out of human individual and social conceptualisation EN 12264:2005 (E) 7 of the world around them. Concept r
38、epresentations are artefacts constructed of symbols and often manifest in computer programs. Because they are artefacts, we can be precise about the functioning and capabilities of concept representations. It is more difficult to be clear about the yet poorly understood function of human conceptuali
39、sation. 3.7 concept system representation formal representation (3.5) of a system of concepts (3.4) NOTE Informally, we often talk of concept systems when we mean concept system representations. However, this leads to confusion when precise meanings are required. Concepts arise out of human individu
40、al and social conceptualisation of the world around them. Concept system representations are artefacts constructed of symbols and often manifest in computer programs. Because they are artefacts, we can be precise about the functioning and capabilities of concept systems representation. It is more di
41、fficult to be clear about the yet poorly understood function of human conceptualisation. 3.8 concept name term (3.36) which uniquely designates a concept (3.1) within a concept system (3.4) 3.9 concept representation name term (3.36) which uniquely designates a concept representation (3.7) 3.10 hier
42、archical relation relation between two concepts (3.1) which may be either a generic relation (3.11) or a partitive relation (3.7) ISO 1087-1:2000 3.11 generic relation genus / species relation subtype relation relation between two concepts (3.1) where the intention (3.26) of one of the concepts (3.1
43、) includes that of the other concept (3.1) and at least one additional delimiting characteristic (3.25) ISO 1087-1:2000 NOTE 1 A generic relation exists between the concepts (3.1) word and pronoun, vehicle and car, person and child. NOTE 2 All instances of a concept in the extension (3.27) of the se
44、cond are included in the extension of the first. 3.12 individuation relation relation between a concept (3.1) and the members of its extension (3.27) NOTE It is a relation between concept (3.1) and object (3.3) EN 12264:2005 (E) 8 3.13 partitive relation part / whole relation relation between two co
45、ncepts (3.1) where one of the concepts (3.1) constitutes the whole and the other concept (3.1) a part of that whole ISO 1087-1:2000 NOTE A partitive relation exists between the concepts (3.1) week and day, molecule and atom. 3.14 associative relation pragmatic relation relation between two concepts
46、(3.1) having a non-hierarchical thematic connection by virtue of experience ISO 1087-1:2000 EXAMPLE An associative relation exists between the concepts (3.1) education and teaching, baking and oven. 3.15 superordinate concept broader concept concept (3.1) which is either a generic concept (3.17) or
47、a comprehensive concept (3.19) ISO 1087-1:2000 3.16 subordinate concept narrower concept concept (3.1) which is either a specific concept (3.18) or a partitive concept (3.20) ISO 1087-1:2000 3.17 generic concept concept (3.1) in a generic relation (3.11) having the narrower intention (3.26) ISO 1087
48、-1:2000 3.18 specific concept concept (3.1) in a generic relation (3.11) having the broader intention (3.26) ISO 1087-1:2000 3.19 comprehensive concept concept (3.1) in a partitive relation (3.13) viewed as the whole ISO 1087-1:2000 3.20 partitive concept concept (3.1) in a partitive relation (3.13)
49、 viewed as one of the parts making up the whole ISO 1087-1:2000 EN 12264:2005 (E) 9 3.21 relation type category of relations between the members of the extension (3.27) of one or more concepts (3.1) 3.22 representation of relation type semantic link formal representation (3.5) of a directed associative relation (3.14) or partitive relation (3.13) between two concepts (3.1) EXAMPLE has Location (with inverse is Location Of); is Cause Of (wit
