1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13891:2003 Tensional strapping Guide to selection and use of tensional strapping The European Standard EN 13891:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 55.040 BS EN 13891:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Co
2、mmittee on 26 August 2004 BSI 26 August 2004 ISBN 0 580 44383 3 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13891:2003. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PKW/5, Primary and transport packaging, to Subcommittee PKW/
3、5/33, Tensional strapping, taping and accessories, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this
4、document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contr
5、act. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals fo
6、r change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyrig
7、ht notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN13891 June2003 ICS55.040 Englishversion TensionalstrappingGuidetoselectionanduseoftensional strapping Cerclages
8、soustensionGuidepourlaslectionet lutilisationdecerclagessoustension UmreifungsbnderAuswahlundAnwendung ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon21April2003. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstand
9、ardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibil
10、ityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,
11、Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2003CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN13891:2003EEN1
12、3891:2003(E) 2 Contents Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 General4 3 Typesofequipment .5 4 Methodsofjoiningundertension 6 5 Strengthofjoint . 6 6 Physicalpropertiesandusagecharacteristics . .6 7 Application8 8 Choiceoftensionalstrapping . .8 Bibliography 18EN13891:2003(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(EN13891:2003)ha
13、sbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC261“Packaging“,the secretariatofwhichisheldbyAFNOR. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyDecember2003,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byDecember
14、2003. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal, Slovaki
15、a,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.EN13891:2003(E) 4 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandardgivesguidanceontheselectionanduseofsteelandnonmetallictensionalstrapping. Thetermsteelstrappingcoversflatbandstrapping.Nonmetallicstrappingcoversweftlessstrappingandextruded thermoplasticstrapping. NOTE1 EN132
16、46specifiesthebreakingstrengthanddimensionaltolerancesofsteelstrappingandgivesguidanceon surfacefinishesofsteelstrapping. NOTE 2 EN13394specifiesthedimensionaltolerancesandtensilepropertiesofnonmetallictensionalstrappingand weftless(textile)strappingandgivesguidanceonsurfacefinishesavailable. 2Gener
17、al 2.1Applications Tensionalstrappingisappliedtopackagesbysemiautomatic,automatic.orautomatedequipment(seeclause4) andtiedorsealedwhileundertension.Itmaybeappliedtowoodenboxesorcrates,solidandcorrugated fibreboardpackagingcases,bundles,bales,palletizedandunitisedloads,tomanufacturingprocesses,andasa
18、 safetyfactorininternalhandling,e.g.temporarybanding. 2.2Purpose ManyoftherecommendationssetoutinotherSectionsofthisEuropeanStandardprovidefortheuseoftensional strapping,appliedcorrectly,asanintegralpartofthecontainerorpackage.Somereasonsforthisareasfollows: a) itreinforcesandstrengthenspackages,pro
19、tectingthemagainstthehazardsoftransportation,thusassisting andensuringsafearrivalatdestination; b) itallowseconomiestobeeffectedinloadconstructionsandonotherpackagingmaterials; c) itrendersthecontentsofthepackageslessliabletopilferage; d) itmaybeusedasamethodofclosureorofreinforcingtheclosure. Inadd
20、ition,certainconditionsexperiencedinhandlingandtransitrequiretheuseofstrappingasanadditional safeguard,e.g.loadrestraint. 2.3Liftingandlashing Onlycertaingradesoftensionalsteelstrappingaredesignedtobeusedformechanicalliftingpurposes(seeEN 13247).Othergradesoftensionalsteelstrappingshouldnotbeusedfor
21、liftingpurposes. NOTE Nonmetallicstrappingshouldnotbeusedforliftingpurposes. 2.4Choiceofstrapping Indeterminingthesize,numberandtypeofstrapstobeused,considerationshouldbegiventotheshape,size anddistributionofmassofthepackageorload,thematerialfromwhichitismade,andthehandling,storageand transportcondi
22、tionslikelytobeencountered. NOTE EN13246specifiestensionalsteelstrapping. EN13394specifiesnonmetallictensionalstrapping.EN13891:2003(E) 5 3 Typesofequipment 3.1Forusewithsteelandnonmetallicstrapping ThetypesofequipmentforusewithsteelandnonmetallictensionalstrappingarelistedinTable1.Thereisafull rang
23、eofoptionswithvariousdegreesofmechanisationwithadditionaloptions,ifrequired. Theadviceandguidanceofmanufacturersareofferedfreelyinevaluatingtherequirementsofagivenstrapping applicationandrecommendingsuitablesystems.WithinthetypesofequipmentsetoutinTable1thereare obviouslyspecialfeaturesdesignedforsp
24、ecialisedapplicationsaswellassecondaryfactorswhichwillenhance standardequipment.Supplierswillprovidethedetailedinformationuponwhichachoicecanbemade. Table1Typesofequipmentforusewithsteelandnonmetallicstrapping Handoperated Powerassisted,portable Fullypowered,portable Semiautomaticmachines Automaticm
25、achines Semiautomaticpackcompression Automaticpackcompression Customautomaticmachines NoteSuppliersshouldbeconsultedtoadviseonthesuitabilityofstrappingto meettherequirementsofspecificapplicationequipment. 3.2Forusewithsemiautomatic,automaticandautomatedtypesofstrapping Thetypesofequipmentrecommended
26、forusewithsemiautomatic,automaticandautomatedtypesofstrapping equipmentareclassifiedasfollows. a) Semiautomatic:Machinery,generallystatic,whichdoesnothaveastrapchuteforfeedingstrappingaround thearticletobestrapped.Feedingisbyhand,themachineoperatorplacingtheleadingendofastrapintothe mechanismsothatt
27、heremainingoperationsofthecycle,i.e.tensioning,sealingandcuttingoff,canbe completedautomatically. b) Automatic:Machinerywithafixedtrackforfeedingthestrapping.Alloperationsofthecompletestrappingcycle arecarriedoutonactivationofthestartcontrol. c) Automated:Automaticmachinerywithadditionalelectronicor
28、othercontrolsandapoweredmethodof presentingpackstothestrappingmachine.Anautomatedsystemcouldbecapable,withoutthepresenceof anoperator,ofcontrollingtheinputflowofpacks,strappingthematthecorrectpointsfortherequisitenumber ofstrapstobeapplied(atpredeterminedpositions),activatingthestrappingmachineandej
29、ectingthestrapped pack.Automationisacontrolsystemofvariablesophistication,accordingtotherequirementsoftheuserand thestrappingapplication.EN13891:2003(E) 6 4 Methodsofjoiningundertension 4.1Description 4.1.1 Sealing(separateseal) Thetwoendsofthestrappingarebroughttogetherandsecuredbyaseal,cliporfaste
30、ner. 4.1.2 Seallessjoint Thetwoendsofthestrappingarebroughttogetherandjoinedbyamethodusingcuttingandinterlocking. 4.1.3Welding Thetwoendsofthestrappingarefusedtogetherbytheapplicationofheat. 4.1.4 Frictionwelding Thetwoendsofthestrappingareweldedtogetherbymeansofpressureandheatgeneratedbyrubbingone
31、againsttheother. 4.1.5 Ultrasonicwelding Thetwoendsofthestrappingarejoinedtogetherbymeansofultrasonicwelding. 4.1.6Buckling Thetwoendsofthestrappingarebroughttogetherandheldbybucklesofmetalorplastics. 5 Strengthofjoint Figurescurrentlyavailableforsealstrengthsvaryconsiderablydependinguponthetypeofse
32、al,thetypeof tensionalstrappingandthedimensionsofthestrap.Thesefigures,rangingfrom50%to100%ofthestrengthof theparentstrap,arenotconsideredtobemeaningfulintermsofperformanceunderserviceconditionsbecauseof thevaryingabilityofthestraptoabsorbimpactforces.Hence,thetypeofjointemployedwilldependmoreupon t
33、hedesiredmethodofapplicationandthepreferredstrap. Ingeneral,thejointstrengthshouldbenotlessthan50%ofthestrengthoftheparentstrapfornonmetallic strappingandnotlessthan65%formetallicstrapping. Fortensionalsteelstrappingusedforliftingandlashing(EN13247)thejointstrengthshouldnotbelessthan90% oftheminimum
34、breakstrengthofthestrapping. 6 Physicalpropertiesandusagecharacteristics 6.1Properties Thefollowingpropertiesoftensionalstrappingwillhaveabearingonthechoiceforaparticularapplication: a) Tensilestrengthandelongation; b)Conformability; c) Resistancetodeterioration.EN13891:2003(E) 7 6.2Tensilestrengtha
35、ndelongation DataonthetensilestrengthofthevarioustypesoftensionalsteelstrappingaregiveninEN13246.Fornon metallictensionalstrapping,dataontensilestrengthandelongationaregiveninEN13394. NOTE Tensionalsteelstrappingcoversarangeofgradesandtreatments,manyofwhichareusedforspecialisedand specificapplicatio
36、ns.Thevariousstrapqualities,dimensionsandproductionmethodsemployedwillaffectelongationaswillt he gaugelengthusedtomeasurethatelongation.Forthesereasonsitisimpracticabletoprovideaspecifictableoftypical elongationvaluesanditis,therefore,recommendedthatinterestedpartiescontactareputablesuppliertoestabl
37、ishthe characteristicsofaparticularproduct. 6.3Conformability Theabilityofstrappingtoconformtothecontoursofthepackageisafunctionoftheflexibilityandextensibilityof thestrapping. 6.4Resistancetodeterioration 6.4.1General Thebasicpropertiesofthestrappingmaybemodifiedbytheconditionstowhichitisexposed.Th
38、eeffectsof exposuretomoisture,ultravioletrays(sunlight),extremesoftemperature,mycologicalattackandcorrosive atmospheresarediscussedin6.4.2to6.4.6. 6.4.2Moisture Steelstrappingisunaffectedbymoistureintheshorttermbutcorrosionmayresultfromtheprolongedexposureof certainfinishes(see6.4.6). Theperformance
39、ofpolypropyleneandpolyesterstrappingisnotaffectedbymoisture. 6.4.3 Ultravioletradiation Polypropylenestrappingisliabletodegradationbyultravioletradiation,butmoreresistanttypesareavailable. Steelandpolyesterstrappingisresistanttoultravioletradiation. 6.4.4 Extremesoftemperature Theoperatingrangeforth
40、evarioustypesofstrappingisasfollows: a) steelstrappingisfrom50Cto+600C; b) polyesterstrappingisfrom50Cto+90C; c) polypropylenestrappingisfrom30Cto+60C. NOTE Thephysicalpropertiesofalltypesoftensionalstrappingcanchangewithtemperature.Suppliersshouldbe consultedtoadviseontheapplicationanduseofstrappin
41、gattheextremesofthetemperaturesstatedabove. 6.4.5 Mycologicalattack Steelandthermoplasticsstrappingareinherentlyresistanttomycologicalattack. 6.4.6Corrosion Steelstrappingcanbeaffectedbyprolongedexposuretomoisturevapourorindustriallypollutedormarine atmospheres.Corrosioncanalsooccurduetointeractionb
42、etweenthestrappingandthepackage.Theeffectof corrosioncanbereducedbyasuitablefinish.Corrosiveatmospheresdonotaffectnonmetallicstrapping.EN13891:2003(E) 8 7Application 7.1General Allstrapsshouldnormallybeappliedatrightanglestotheedgesofpackages.Strappingshouldbeapplied sufficientlytightlytoensurethati
43、tperformsitsfunctionefficientlyduringthelifeofthepackage,butnotsotightlyas todamagethepackageoritscontents,orleadtobreakageofthestrapping.Edgeprotectors,pads,etc.,shouldbe interposedbetweenthestrappingandthepackagetoprotectedgesand/orfinisheswhereriskofdamageis involved.Suchdevicesmayalsobeusedwhenstrappingrelativelyincompressiblepackages,e.g.steeldrums,to ensuregreaterfrictionbetweenstrappingandcontainers,andthuspreventingmovementofthestrapping.Non metallicstrappingisappliedwithaninitialextensionsufficientto
