1、BSI Standards PublicationLiquid petroleum products Fatty acid methyl esters(FAME) for use in dieselengines and heatingapplications Requirementsand test methodsBS EN 14214:2012Incorporating corrigendum May 2013BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014Incorporating corrigenda May 2013 and October 2014BS EN 14214:2012+
2、A1:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 incorporating corrigendum October 2014. It supersedes BS EN 14214:2012, which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags
3、. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by .The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/2, Liquid Fuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be ob
4、tained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 88229 6ICS 75.160.20Compliance
5、with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected31 May 2013 Annex NA and NB included, Annex NC E
6、quation 1 corrected31 May 2014 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:201431 January 2015 Implementation of CEN corrigendum October 2014. Modification to Table A.1EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14214:2012+A1 January 2014 ICS 75.160.20 English Version Liquid petroleum products - Fat
7、ty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and heating applications - Requirements and test methods Produits ptroliers liquides - Esters mthyliques dacides gras (EMAG) pour moteurs diesel et comme combustible de chauffage - Exigences et mthodes dessai Flssige Minerallerzeugnisse - Fettsu
8、re-Methylester (FAME) zur Verwendung in Dieselmotoren und als Heizl - Anforderungen und Prfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 July 2012 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 10 November 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations whic
9、h stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This Eur
10、opean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members a
11、re the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, R
12、omania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and
13、 by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 E Incorporating corrigendum October 20142 Contents Page Foreword . 3 Introduction . 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Sampling . 8 4 Pump marking 8 5 Requirements and test methods 8 5.1 Dyes and markers 8
14、5.2 Additives . 8 5.2.1 General . 8 5.2.2 Oxidation stability enhancing additives 8 5.2.3 Non-FAME components 9 5.3 Generally applicable requirements and related test methods 9 5.4 Climate dependent requirements and related test methods . 11 5.4.1 General . 11 5.4.2 FAME being used at 100 % as fuel
15、for diesel engines and heating applications . 11 5.4.3 FAME being used as blend component in diesel fuel . 12 5.5 Precision and dispute . 13 Annex A (normative) Details of interlaboratory test programme . 15 Annex B (normative) Correction factor for calculation of density of FAME . 17 Annex C (infor
16、mative) Background information for national climate grades selection 18 C.1 General . 18 C.2 Calculation model for saturated monoglycerides in pure FAME . 19 C.3 Calculation of EN 590 diesel fuel saturated monoglyceride content . 19 Bibliography 21 BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E)2
17、Contents Page Foreword . 3 Introduction . 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Sampling . 8 4 Pump marking 8 5 Requirements and test methods 8 5.1 Dyes and markers 8 5.2 Additives . 8 5.2.1 General . 8 5.2.2 Oxidation stability enhancing additives 8 5.2.3 Non-FAME components 9 5.3 Generally applic
18、able requirements and related test methods 9 5.4 Climate dependent requirements and related test methods . 11 5.4.1 General . 11 5.4.2 FAME being used at 100 % as fuel for diesel engines and heating applications . 11 5.4.3 FAME being used as blend component in diesel fuel . 12 5.5 Precision and disp
19、ute . 13 Annex A (normative) Details of interlaboratory test programme . 15 Annex B (normative) Correction factor for calculation of density of FAME . 17 Annex C (informative) Background information for national climate grades selection 18 C.1 General . 18 C.2 Calculation model for saturated monogly
20、cerides in pure FAME . 19 C.3 Calculation of EN 590 diesel fuel saturated monoglyceride content . 19 Bibliography 21 BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E)3 Foreword This document (EN 14214:2012+A1:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubrica
21、nts and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2014, and conflicting nationa
22、l standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN
23、 14214:2012. This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 2013-11-10. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags . This document has originally been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free T
24、rade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). Deleted text Significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition are: extension towards distillate heating fuels. The former specification for FAME for heating fuel applications (EN 14213) als
25、o needed to be aligned, but effectively only one quality was supplied and required by heating fuel suppliers in the European market; further clarification regarding the use of dyes and markers due to its new heating fuel application; an update of the specification in the perspective of blending at u
26、p to 10 % (V/V) of FAME in automotive diesel fuel; removal of identification of parallel existence with EN 590 as FAME is being used for more than one blending purpose; discrimination between climate requirements for use for 100 % as fuel for diesel engines and for use as blend component in diesel f
27、uel. This is done by introducing a new Table 3 for seasonal grades to be set nationally. It thus requires countries to present two sets of seasonal choices in a national annex to this standard; introduction of additional requirements for FAME for use as a blending component as a first, intermediate,
28、 step towards solving precipitation problems observed in the market during cold periods. Further work towards limitation of impurities, more specifically steryl-glycosides, and BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E)4 regarding monoglyceride determination is on-going. A performance test, s
29、uch as a filterability test, is anticipated to solve this issue in the longer term; a decrease of the monoglycerides content limit from 0,8 % (m/m) to 0,7 % (m/m); deletion of the requirement on carbon residue as it is no longer considered necessary; an increase of the oxidation stability requiremen
30、t from 6 h minimum to 8 h minimum; introduction of additionally developed test methods for iodine value, phosphorus content CFPP and sulfur content, EN 16300, EN 16294, EN 16329 and EN ISO 13032, respectively. Plus updating towards revised sulfur and sulfated ash content determination test methods;
31、updating of test methods on esters, (mono) glycerides, polyunsaturated fatty acids oxidation stability, total contamination, and stability characteristics of FAME, resulting from work under CEN/TC 19 and in cooperation with CEN/TC 307, either as final publication or as technically assessed and accep
32、ted draft texts. The test method procedure for total contamination (EN 12662) has been technically updated to specifically allow improved applicability to FAME (see CEN/TC 19/N 1512R, report I); combination of all sub-clauses dealing with additives in one and aligning them with similar requirements
33、in EN 590. a re-evaluation of Table A.1 has been executed and it was agreed to complete Annex A by presenting reproducibility information for all test methods that is mainly of interest to people handling the product. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisa
34、tions of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mal
35、ta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E)4 regarding monoglyceride determination is on-going. A performance test, such as a filterability test, is anticipated to
36、 solve this issue in the longer term; a decrease of the monoglycerides content limit from 0,8 % (m/m) to 0,7 % (m/m); deletion of the requirement on carbon residue as it is no longer considered necessary; an increase of the oxidation stability requirement from 6 h minimum to 8 h minimum; introductio
37、n of additionally developed test methods for iodine value, phosphorus content CFPP and sulfur content, EN 16300, EN 16294, EN 16329 and EN ISO 13032, respectively. Plus updating towards revised sulfur and sulfated ash content determination test methods; updating of test methods on esters, (mono) gly
38、cerides, polyunsaturated fatty acids oxidation stability, total contamination, and stability characteristics of FAME, resulting from work under CEN/TC 19 and in cooperation with CEN/TC 307, either as final publication or as technically assessed and accepted draft texts. The test method procedure for
39、 total contamination (EN 12662) has been technically updated to specifically allow improved applicability to FAME (see CEN/TC 19/N 1512R, report I); combination of all sub-clauses dealing with additives in one and aligning them with similar requirements in EN 590. a re-evaluation of Table A.1 has be
40、en executed and it was agreed to complete Annex A by presenting reproducibility information for all test methods that is mainly of interest to people handling the product. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to
41、implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rom
42、ania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E)5 Introduction This European Standard gives all relevant characteristics, requirements and test methods for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), which are known at this t
43、ime to be necessary to define the product to be used as automotive diesel fuel and in heating applications. Many of the test methods included in this European Standard have been the subject of several interlaboratory testing to determine their applicability and their precision in relation to differe
44、nt sources of FAME. These FAMEs were produced from vegetable oils available in the market at the time, mainly rapeseed, palm, soy and sunflower oil. This does not imply any restrictions towards the feedstock for the fats and oils from which the FAME is made to comply with this European Standard (see
45、 Foreword). Concerning total contamination, an interlaboratory study with field samples, following a study with artificial samples, is pending and therefore the repeatability and reproducibility of EN 12662 have not yet been fully established. The precision for FAME is investigated. Concerning cold
46、temperature properties of diesel blends related to the quality of the FAME used as a blending component, strong indications towards the relationship with saturated mono-glycerides and steryl-glycosides have become known. As no test method to detect those components separately has yet been developed,
47、 an interim solution in setting CFPP and cloud point limitations has been included in this standard (see Table 3). A study within CEN has indicated that FAME conforms to the current precision statements of EN 116 and EN 23015. Although there are technical indications that iodine value can be removed
48、 as an indication for FAME stability, relaxation at this time would be premature. Until the stability safeguards introduced by this revision have been proven in the market, it is maintained, also preventing unnecessarily high usage of anti-oxidant additives. In order to meet the needs of the latest
49、technology engines, lowering of the phosphorus limit and the limit of sodium and potassium is under investigation. BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E)6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered fatty acid methyl esters (hereafter known as FAME) to be used either as fuel for diesel engines and for heating applications at 100 % concentration, or as an extender for distillate fuel for diesel engines in accordance with the requirements
