1、BRITISH STANDARDRoad marking materials Road marking performance for road usersICS 93.080.30 BS EN 1436:2007+A1:2008 BS EN 1436:2007 +A1:2008Incorporating corrigendum June 2015This British Standard waspublished under the authorityof theStandards Policy andStrategy Committeeon 31 August 2007BSI 2009Na
2、tionalforewordTheUKparticipationinitspreparationwasentrustedbyTechnicalCommitteeB/509, Road equipment, to Subcommittee B/509/2,Horizontalroad markingsand road studs.Alist of organizations represented on this Subcommittee can beobtainedonrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to i
3、nclude all the necessary provisionsofacontract.Users are responsiblefor its correct application.Compliance withaBritish Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegalobligations.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicatedin the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN
4、 textcarry the numberofthe CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by ab.This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1436:2007+A1:2008. It supersedes BS EN 1436:2007 which is withdrawn.ISBN 978 0 580 61874 1 Date Comments 31 May 2009 Implementation of CEN a
5、mendment A1:2008.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication BS EN 1436:2007+A1:2008BS EN 1436:2007+A1:2008ISBN 978 0 580 90674 9Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments31 May 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2008.30 June 2015 National Annex NA (informative) appended aft
6、er CEN textThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2007 The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORMEN 1436:2007+A1October 2008 ICS 93.080.3
7、0Supersedes EN 1436:2007 English Version Road marking materials - Road marking performance for road users Produits de marquage routier - Performances desmarquages routiers pour les usagers de la route Straenmarkierungsmaterialien - Anforderungen an Markierungen auf Straen This European Standard was
8、approved by CEN on 21 June 2007 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 August 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date l
9、ists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the res
10、ponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ic
11、eland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de S
12、tassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1436:2007+A1:2008: EEN 1436:2007+A1:2008 (E)2 Contents PageForeword3Introduction.41Scope52Normative references53Terms and definitions .54Requirements.6
13、Annex A (normative) Measurement method for the luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd.12A.1Introduction12A.2Spectral match.13A.3Standard measuring condition of measuring equipment13A.4Practical applications of measuring equipment.14A.5Calibration of measuring equipment.14A.6Uncertainty
14、of measurement15Annex B (normative) Measurement method for the coefficient of retroreflected luminance RL16B.1Introduction16B.2 Spectral match of measuring equipment16B.3 Standard measuring condition of measuring equipment17B.4 Practical applications of measuring equipment.18B.5Calibration of measur
15、ing equipment.18B.6 Condition of wetness 19B.7 Condition of rain19B.8 Uncertainty of measurement19Annex C (normative) Measuring method for the luminance factor and chromaticity co-ordinates x and y21C.1 Standard measuring condition.21C.2Measuring equipment21C.3 Uncertainty of measurement21Annex D (n
16、ormative) Measuring method for skid resistance.22D.1 Principle of the test.22D.2 Description of the skid resistance tester.22D.3 Maintenance of the rubber slider22D.4 Adjustment of the sliding length.23D.5 Measuring the SRT value.23D.6 Correction for the temperature23D.7 Uncertainty of measurement.2
17、4Bibliography25BS EN 1436:2007+A1:2008 National Annex NA (informative) Recommendations for road marking materials Road marking performance for road users 26EN 1436:2007+A1:2008 (E)3 Foreword This document (EN 1436:2007+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC226 “Roadequipment”, the
18、secretariat of which is held byAFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by April 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byApril 2009. This document incl
19、udes Amendment 1, approved byCEN on 2008-08-14. This document supersedes!EN 1436:2007“.The start and finish of textintroduced or altered byamendment is indicated in the text by tags!“. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries a
20、re bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swede
21、n, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 1436:2007+A1:2008 EN 1436:2007+A1:2008 (E)4 Introduction Road markings together with road studsform the meansfor horizontal signalization.Road markings include longitudinal markings, arrows, transverse markings, text and symbols on the surface of thehighway e
22、tc.Road markings can be provided by the application of paint, thermoplastic materials or cold hardening materials, pre-formed lines and symbols or by othermeans. Most road markings are white oryellow, but in special cases other colours are used. Road markings are either permanent or temporary. The f
23、unctional life of temporary road markings is limited by theduration of the road works.For permanent road markings it is best forreasons of safety to have a functional life that is as long as possible. Road markings can be applied with or without the addition of glass beads. With glass beads the retr
24、oreflection of themarking is achieved when the marking is illuminated byvehicle headlamps. The retroreflection of a marking, in wet or rainy conditions,can also be enhanced byspecial properties. The properties can be produced by surface texture (as with structured markings), large glass beads or oth
25、er means. In the case ofsurface texture, the passage of wheels can produce acoustic or vibration effects.The value of a parameter for a particular road marking location is dependant of the surface condition of the roadmarking, which is influenced by the local conditions, time of the year, traffic hi
26、story, weather and other factors. Itshould be taken into account that the value measured on a particular occasion is not necessarily the average ortypical value of that road marking.BS EN 1436:2007+A1:2008 EN 1436:2007+A1:2008 (E)5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the performancefor road use
27、rs of white and yellow road markings, as expressed bytheir reflection in daylight or under road lighting, retroreflection in vehicle headlamp illumination, colour and skidresistance.2 NormativereferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. Fordat
28、ed references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.IEC 60050-845:19871), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 845: LightingISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of har
29、dness (hardness between 10 IRHD and100 IRHD) ISO 4662, Rubber Determination of rebound resilience of vulcanizates!ISO 10526“, CIE standard illuminants for colorimetry3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in IEC60050-845:1987 and the follo
30、wing apply.3.1 luminancecoefficient under diffuse illumination (of a field of a road marking) Qd (mcdm-2lx-1) quotient of the luminance ofthe field of the road marking in the given direction by the illuminance on the field 3.2 luminance factor (of a field of a road marking, in a given direction, und
31、er specified conditions of illumination) (unit: 1)ratio of the luminance of the field of the road marking in the given direction to that of a perfect reflecting diffuseridentically illuminated NOTE This definition is slightly adapted as compared to the definition of IEC60050-845. 3.3 coefficient of
32、retroreflected luminance (of a field of a road marking) RL (mcdm-2lx-1)quotient of the luminance L of the field of the road marking in the direction of observation by the illuminance Eat the field perpendicular to the direction of the incident light 3.4skid resistance tester value (of a road marking
33、)skid resistance quality of a wet surface measured by the friction at low speed of a rubber slider upon this surface.The abbreviation SRT applies3.5 functional life (of a road marking)period during which the road marking fulfils all the performance requirements of the classes initially specified by
34、the road authority1)CIE Publication 17.4 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary is identical to IEC 60050-845. BS EN 1436:2007+A1:2008 EN 1436:2007+A1:2008 (E)6 3.6 structured roadmarking (in the sense of not allowing measurement of the luminance factor and/or the SRTvalue)road marking with a str
35、uctured surface that does not have areas of road marking of regular dimensions andplaneness.Thismay be by the formation of patterns, profiles, random texture or otherfeaturesNOTE1At least some commercially available instruments allow measurement of the luminance factor on approximatelyflat areas wit
36、h a diameter of minimum 10 mm at the top of the structure, or a somewhat larger size deeper in the structure toallow contact of the instruments. The areas may curve with a radius of curvature of minimum 50 mm. NOTE2The slider used to measure the SRT value requires approximately flat areas of a width
37、 of minimum the width of theslider (76,2 0,5 mm) and a length of minimum the sliding length of the slider (126 1 mm) at the top of the structure, orsomewhat longer for areas deeper in the structure, in order to allow for the free swing of the slider. The areas may be crossedby gaps that take up maxi
38、mum 75 % of the total surface area and have widths of maximum 5 mm. The areas may have ridgesor edges of blocks with a height of maximum 1,2 mm. 3.7 type I and type II road markings type II road markings are road markings with special properties intended to enhance the retroreflection in wet or rain
39、yconditions, type I road markings do not necessarily have suchspecial properties4 Requirements 4.1 GeneralThe requirementsspecified relate to the performance of road markings during their functional life. The requirements areexpressed by several parameters representing different aspects of the perfo
40、rmance of road markings and for some ofthese in terms ofclasses of increasing performance. NOTE1The length of the functional life depends on whether the road marking is of short or long durability, on whether theroad marking is run on by traffic (e.g. symbols on the carriageway compared to continuou
41、s edge lines), on the traffic density, on the roughness of the road surface and on matters relating to local conditions like the use ofstudded tyres in some countries. NOTE2The classes enable different priorities to be given to the different aspects of performance of road markingsdepending on partic
42、ular circumstances. Classes of high performance cannot always be achieved for two or more of these parameters simultaneously. Asan example, a road marking mayhave drop-on glass beads or drop-on anti-skid aggregates, aiming at high classesof either retroreflection (RL) or skid resistance (SRT). In ge
43、neral, high classes of retroreflection and slip/skidresistance cannot be obtained together. Further, the selection of performance classes implies a compromise between the needs of the drivers and the costof supplying the performance. The needs of drivers have been studied in COST Action 331, Require
44、ments forhorizontal road markings. For skid resistance, emphasis is sometimes placed on those road markings, which occupy a large percentage of the trafficked areas such as zebra crossings, arrows, transverse markings, text and symbols.Therefore, the choice of performance classes should be fixed in
45、national tender specifications or other nationalprovisions after due consideration of all aspects. In somecountries the performance classes cannot be maintained during a limited time period of the year during whichthe probability of lower performance of the road markings is high, due to the presence
46、 of water, dust, mud etc.BS EN 1436:2007+A1:2008 EN 1436:2007+A1:2008 (E)7 4.2Reflection indaylight or under road lighting4.2.1 General Reflection in daylight or under road lighting ismeasured either by the luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd measured in accordance with Annex A and e
47、xpressed in mcdm-2lx-1, orby the luminance factor measured in accordancewith Annex C. NOTE Both of the above-mentioned parameters measure the brightness of a road marking as seen in typical or average daylight or under road lighting. The main difference lies in the viewing directions, which for the
48、luminance coefficient underdiffuse illumination Qdcorresponds to a fairly long viewing distance and for the luminance factor to viewing at close range. For some structured road markings, the measured value of the luminance factor isnot reliable, refer to 3.6. Toassess the visibility in daylight or under road lighting for such road markings, the measurement of Qdmay be a more suitablemethod of test. 4.2.2 Luminance coefficient under diffuse illuminationQdThe luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd shall conform to Table 1 forroad markings in dry conditions.Tabl
