1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1993-3-1:2006Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures Part 3-1: Towers, masts and chimneys Towers and mastsICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g
2、39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Incorporating corrigendumJuly 2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1993-3-1:2006, incorporating corrigendum July 2009. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by
3、tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum July 2009 is indicated in the text by .The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials: concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium; this is to enable a common date of withd
4、rawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the end of the co-existence period, after all the EN Eurocodes of a package are available. Following publication of the EN, there is a period allowed for national c
5、alibration during which the National Annex is issued, followed by a co-existence period of a maximum three years. During the co-existence period Member States are encouraged to adapt their national provisions. At the end of this coexistence period, the conflicting parts of national standards will be
6、 withdrawn.In the UK, the following national standards are superseded/partially superseded by BS EN 1993-3-1:2006. These standards will be withdrawn revised on a date to be announced, but at the latest by March 2010.Superseded British Standards BS 8100-1:1986 Lattice towers and masts Code of practic
7、e for loading BS 8100-2:1986 Lattice towers and masts Guide to the background and use of Part 1 Code of practice for loading BS 8100-3:1999 Lattice towers and masts Code of practice for strength assessment of members of lattice towers and masts Partially superseded British Standards BS 8100-4:1995 L
8、attice towers and masts Code of practice for loading of guyed masts BS EN 1993-3-1:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 May 2008 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 66457 1Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 Ja
9、nuary 2010 Implementation of CEN corrigendum July 2009/BS EN 1993-3-1:2006Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text as Recommended Values, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determ
10、ined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN. To enable BS EN 1993-3-1:2006 to be used in the UK, the NDPs have been published in a National Annex, which has been iss
11、ued separately. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/32, Towers and masts. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This public
12、ation does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1993-3-1October 2006ICS 91.010.30; 91.0
13、80.10 Supersedes ENV 1993-3-1:1997 English VersionEurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 3-1: Towers,masts and chimneys - Towers and mastsEurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 3-1:Tours, mts et chemines - Pylnes et mts haubannsEurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion vonStahlba
14、uten - Teil 3-1: Trme, Maste und Schornsteine -Trme und MasteThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 January 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard withou
15、t any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made
16、by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greec
17、e, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Cen
18、tre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1993-3-1:2006: EIncorporating corrigendum July 2009EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E) 2 Contents 1 General.9 1.1 Scope9 1.2 Normative references .9 1.3 A
19、ssumptions.10 1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules.10 1.5 Terms and definitions.10 1.6 Symbols11 1.7 Convention for cross section axes12 2 Basis of design13 2.1 Requirements13 2.2 Principles of limit state design .14 2.3 Actions and environmental influences .14 2.4 Ultimate limit
20、 state verifications15 2.5 Design assisted by testing 15 2.6 Durability .15 3 Materials 16 3.1 Structural steel16 3.2 Connections16 3.3 Guys and fittings 16 4 Durability.16 4.1 Allowance for corrosion.16 4.2 Guys .16 5 Structural analysis.17 5.1 Modelling for determining action effects.17 5.2 Modell
21、ing of connections.17 6 Ultimate limit states 18 6.1 General .18 6.2 Resistance of cross sections .18 6.3 Resistance of members.18 6.4 Connections20 6.5 Special connections for masts 21 7 Serviceability limit states23 7.1 Basis.23 7.2 Deflections and rotations23 7.3 Vibrations.23 8 Design assisted b
22、y testing24 9 Fatigue24 9.1 General .24 9.2 Fatigue loading.24 9.3 Fatigue resistance.25 9.4 Safety assessment.25 9.5 Partial factors for fatigue25 9.6 Fatigue of guys.25 Annex A normative Reliability differentiation and partial factors for actions.26 A.1 Reliability differentiation for masts and to
23、wers.26 BS EN 1993-3-1:2006EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E) 3 A.2 Partial factors for actions26 Annex B informative Modelling of meteorological actions .27 B.1 General .27 B.2 Wind force28 B.3 Response of lattice towers40 B.4 Response of guyed masts .45 Annex C informative Ice loading and combinations of ice wi
24、th wind53 C.1 General .53 C.2 Ice loading53 C.3 Ice weight.54 C.4 Wind and ice 54 C.5 Asymmetric ice load 54 C.6 Combinations of ice and wind55 Annex D normative Guys, dampers, insulators, ancillaries and other items 56 D.1 Guys .56 D.2 Dampers .56 D.3 Insulators57 D.4 Ancillaries and other items.57
25、 Annex E informative Guy rupture 59 E.1 Introduction59 E.2 Simplified analytical model .59 E.3 Conservative procedure60 E.4 Analysis after a guy rupture .61 Annex F informative Execution.62 F.1 General .62 F.2 Bolted connections.62 F.3 Welded connections .62 F.4 Tolerances 62 F.5 Prestretching of gu
26、ys63 Annex G informative Buckling of components of masts and towers64 G.1 Buckling resistance of compression members .64 G.2 Effective slenderness factor k 64 Annex H informative Buckling length and slenderness of members .70 H.1 General .70 H.2 Leg members70 H.3 Bracing members .71 H.4 Secondary br
27、acing members 78 H.5 Shell structures.79 BS EN 1993-3-1:2006EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E) 4 Foreword This European Standard EN 1993-3-1, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures: Part 3.1: Towers, masts and chimneys Towers and masts, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 Structural Eurocodes , the
28、 Secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2007 and conflicting National Standards shall be
29、withdrawn at latest by March 2010. This Eurocode supersedes ENV 1993-3-1. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finla
30、nd, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Background of the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Communi
31、ty decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to
32、 establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them. For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee
33、 with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s. In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1between the Commission and CEN, to tr
34、ansfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to the CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Councils Directives and/or Commissions Decisions dealing with
35、 European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products CPD and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market). The Structural Eurocode programme co
36、mprises the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts: EN 1990 Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite
37、 steel and concrete structures EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design 1Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) concerning the wo
38、rk on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89). BS EN 1993-3-1:2006EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E) 5 EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of re
39、gulatory authorities in each Member State and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these continue to vary from State to State. Status and field of application of Eurocodes The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognise that Eur
40、ocodes serve as reference documents for the following purposes : as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N1 - Mechanical resistance and stability - and Essential Require
41、ment N2 - Safety in case of fire; as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services; as a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for construction products (ENs and ETAs) The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works thems
42、elves, have a direct relationship with the Interpretative Documents2referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from harmonised product standard3. Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committe
43、es and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product standards with a view to achieving a full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes. The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole structures and component products of b
44、oth a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms of construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be required by the designer in such cases. National Standards implementing Eurocodes The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will
45、 comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including any annexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page and National foreword, and may be followed by a National annex (informative). The National Annex (informative) may only contain information on those parameters which a
46、re left open in the Eurocode for national choice, known as Nationally Determined Parameters, to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the country concerned, i.e. : values for partial factors and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode, v
47、alues to be used where a symbol only is given in the Eurocode, geographical and climatic data specific to the Member State, e.g. snow map, the procedure to be used where alternative procedures are given in the Eurocode, references to non-contradictory complementary information to assist the user to
48、apply the Eurocode. 2According to Art. 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) should be given concrete form in interpretative documents for the creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for hENs and ETAGs/ETAs. 3According to Art. 12 of the CPD the
49、interpretative documents should : a) give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or levels for each requirement where necessary ; b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etc. ; c) serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for E
