1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14531-1:2005 Railway applications Methods for calculation of stopping distances, slowing distances and immobilization braking Part 1: General algorithms The European Standard EN 14531-1:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 45.060.01 BS EN 14531-1:2005 This British Sta
2、ndard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 25 May 2005 BSI 25 May 2005 ISBN 0 580 46019 3 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14531-1:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Techn
3、ical Committee RAE/4, Braking, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found i
4、n the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsi
5、ble for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the
6、UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 95 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicate
7、s when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN145311 April2005 ICS45.060.01 Englishversion RailwayapplicationsMethodsforcalculationofstopping distances,slowingdistancesandimmobilizationbrakingPart1: Gen
8、eralalgorithms ApplicationsferroviairesFreinageMthodesdecalcul desdistancesdarrtetderalentissementMthodesde calculdufreinagedimmobilisationPartie1:Algorithmes gnraux BahnanwendungenBremsenVerfahrenzurBerechnung derAnhalteundVerzgerungsbremswegeVerfahrenzur BerechnungderFeststellbremsungTeil1:Grundla
9、gen ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon15March2005. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsm
10、aybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial
11、 versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUR
12、OPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2005CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN145311:2005:EEN 14531-1:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.5 I
13、ntroduction 6 1 Scope7 2 Normative references .7 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations 7 3.1 Terms and definitions.7 3.2 Symbols and indices 7 4 General algorithms .10 4.1 General algorithm to calculate stopping and slowing distances 10 4.2 General algorithm to calculate immobilisation bra
14、ke .10 5 Stopping and slowing distances calculation .10 5.1 General.10 5.2 General characteristics 10 5.2.1 Train formation10 5.2.2 Vehicle and train characteristics.11 5.3 Brake characteristics14 5.3.1 Characteristics of a tread brake or a disc brake equipment type14 5.3.2 Characteristics of the ot
15、her brake equipment types.26 5.3.3 Response time of each brake equipment type 33 5.3.4 Blending rules .34 5.4 Initialisation and operating characteristics35 5.4.1 Average gradient of the track 35 5.4.2 Initial speed .36 5.4.3 Available coefficient of adhesion 36 5.4.4 Level of the brake demand.36 5.
16、4.5 Quantity of each brake equipment type available .36 5.5 Mean braking force for each brake system36 5.5.1 General.36 5.5.2 Tread brake force 36 5.5.3 Disc brake force 39 5.6 Sharing/proportioning of the brake forces, achieved forces .40 5.7 Trailer or motor axle braking forces .40 5.8 Total braki
17、ng forces40 5.8.1 Summation of external braking forces .40 5.8.2 Total braking force40 5.9 Decelerations.40 5.9.1 Decelerations supplied by each different braking force.40 5.9.2 Equivalent deceleration40 5.10 Free run time .41 5.11 Distance calculations .41 5.11.1 Equivalent free run distance41 5.11
18、.2 Braking distance .41 5.11.3 Stopping distance .42 5.12 Other calculations.42 5.12.1 Lambda 42 5.12.2 Braked mass42 5.12.3 Total energy.43 EN 14531-1:2005 (E) 3 5.12.4 Average power 43 5.12.5 Braking time 43 5.12.6 Stopping time 43 5.12.7 Braking ratio 44 5.12.8 Energy dissipated by each type of b
19、rake .44 5.12.9 Energy per unit area dissipated by each type of brake 45 5.12.10 Average power and maximum power for each type of brake.45 5.12.11 Average power flux for each type of brake 45 5.12.12 Required adhesion level for each type of brake 46 6 Immobilisation brake calculation 46 6.1 General
20、characteristics 46 6.1.1 Axle characteristics 46 6.1.2 Characteristics of immobilisation brakes acting directly on the rails.46 6.2 Characteristics of the immobilization brake equipment.46 6.2.1 Coefficient of friction of the pads and blocks46 6.2.2 Characteristics of the hand brake acting on tread
21、47 6.2.3 Characteristics of the hand brake acting on disc50 6.2.4 Characteristics of a brake equipment acting on disc .55 6.2.5 Characteristics of a tread brake unit.56 6.2.6 Characteristics of a permanent magnetic track brake57 6.3 Train and operating characteristics 57 6.4 Immobilization force pro
22、vided by each equipment type.57 6.4.1 Hand brake equipment acting on tread 57 6.4.2 Hand brake equipment acting on disc58 6.4.3 Cylinder brake equipment acting on disc.60 6.4.4 Cylinder brake equipment acting on tread.61 6.4.5 Permanent magnetic track brake equipment .61 6.5 Immobilization force of
23、the train .62 6.6 External forces 62 6.6.1 Downhill force on the train.62 6.6.2 Wind force on the train.62 6.6.3 Rolling resistance .62 6.6.4 Summation of the external forces .63 6.7 Final results .63 6.7.1 Immobilization safety factor 63 6.7.2 Coefficient of adhesion demanded by each braked axle63
24、6.7.3 Maximum gradient permitted.63 6.8 Other calculations.64 6.8.1 Braked mass of the immobilisation braking 64 6.8.2 Haulage condition.64 Annex A (normative) General algorithm to calculate stopping and slowing distances 65 Annex B (normative) General algorithm to calculate immobilization braking68
25、 Annex C (informative) Examples of calculations for stopping and slowing distances.70 C.1 Example calculations for rolling resistance for wagons with bogies .70 C.1.1 Example 1 Open hopper wagon E7.70 C.1.2 Example 2 Covered wagon G10.70 C.1.3 Example 3 Covered wagon G50.70 C.1.4 Example 4 Flat wago
26、n R18.70 C.2 Example calculations for tread brake force with rigging70 C.2.1 Application to conventional two axle wagon equipped with mechanical empty- load device with UIC Bg block from 100 km/h .70 C.2.2 Application to conventional two axle wagon equipped with a pneumatic empty- load device with U
27、IC Bg block from 100 km/h .71 C.2.3 Application to conventional two bogie wagon equipped with pneumatic empty- load device with UIC Bgu blocks from 100 km/h .72 C.3 Tread brake force with cylinder.73 EN 14531-1:2005 (E) 4 C.3.1 Application to conventional two bogie wagon equipped with a tread brake
28、with cylinders 73 C.4 Disc brake force 74 C.4.1 Application to disc braked vehicle with one cylinder per disc 74 C.4.2 Application to disc braked wagon with one cylinder for two discs.75 C.5 Decelerations.76 C.5.1 Deceleration provided by the tread brake (a = F B /M dyn= F B,a n a /M st ).76 C.5.2 D
29、eceleration provided by the disc brake (a = F B /M dyn= F B,a n a /M st ).76 C.6 Distance calculations .76 C.6.1 Example 1 76 C.6.2 Example 2 77 C.6.3 Example 3 77 C.6.4 Example 4 77 C.7 Examples of other calculations .77 C.7.1 Example 1 77 C.7.2 Example 2 79 C.7.3 Example 3 81 C.7.4 Example 4 82 An
30、nex D (informative) Examples of calculations for immobilization braking 85 D.1 Examples of immobilization calculations for hand brake equipment acting on tread85 D.1.1 General.85 D.1.2 Gearing output force.85 D.1.3 Application force on the blocks 85 D.1.4 Immobilization force provided to the axle86
31、D.2 Examples of immobilization calculations for hand brake equipment acting on disc86 D.2.1 General.86 D.2.2 Gearing output force per cylinder .86 D.2.3 Force provided by each cylinder.86 D.2.4 Application force on pads of one cylinder .87 D.2.5 Immobilization force provided to the axle87 D.3 Cylind
32、er brake equipment acting on disc.87 D.3.1 General.87 D.3.2 Application force on pads88 D.3.3 Immobilization force per disc 88 D.3.4 Immobilization force provided to the axle88 D.4 Cylinder brake equipment acting on tread.89 D.4.1 General.89 D.4.2 Immobilization force provided to the axle89 D.5 Perm
33、anent magnetic track brake equipment .89 D.5.1 General.89 D.5.2 Immobilization force provided to the bogie .89 D.6 External forces and final results .89 D.6.1 General.89 D.6.2 Example based on case of a two bogie wagon which is braked on only one bogies with a hand brake equipment acting on tread .9
34、0 D.6.3 Example based on case of a two bogie wagon which is braked on only one bogie with a hand brake equipment acting on disc .90 D.6.4 Example based on case of a two bogie wagon which is braked with a cylinder brake equipment acting on a disc .91 D.6.5 Example based on case of cylinder brake equi
35、pment acting on tread .91 ANNEX ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 96/48 .93 Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2001/16 .94 Bibliography .95 EN 1453
36、1-1:2005 (E) 5 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14531-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
37、 by endorsement, at the latest by October 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2005. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports ess
38、ential requirements of EU Directive 96/48 and Directive 2001/16. For relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this European Standard. This European Standard is one part of the European Standard as listed below: EN 14531, Railway applications Met
39、hods for calculation of stopping, slowing distances and immobilization braking Part 1: General algorithms Part 2: Application to single freight wagon Part 3: Application to mass transit (LRVs and D- and E- MUs) Part 4: Application to single passengers coach Part 5: Application to locomotive Part 6:
40、Application to high speed trains According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ic
41、eland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14531-1:2005 (E) 6 Introduction This European Standard is aimed at enabling the railway industries and operators to work with a co
42、mmon calculation method. It describes the fundamental algorithms and calculations for the design of brake equipment for railway vehicles. This European Standard should be considered as a technical document which gives the physical basis for the brake calculations. It will also help the user to under
43、stand the UIC 544-1 leaflet through completion of the requirements in the UIC 544-1 leaflet. This European Standard gives examples of freight wagon applications considered as the highest priority. It is applicable for all vehicle types. If necessary, additional application examples will be added as
44、separate parts to the European Standard. EN 14531-1:2005 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a general algorithm to be used in any type of vehicle application. It enables the calculation of the various aspects of the performance: stopping or slowing distances, dissipated energy, force cal
45、culations, immobilization braking. Typical examples of calculations for freight wagon, coach and locomotive are given in Parts 2 to 6 of this European Standard. NOTE This European Standard does not specify the performance requirements which can be found in the different standards specified in Clause
46、 2. This European Standard enables the verification that the design respects the requirements according to the railway application type. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition c
47、ited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13452-1:2003, Railway applications Braking Mass transit brake systems Part 1: Performance requirements EN 13452-2:2004, Railway applications Braking Mass transit brake systems P
48、art 2: Methods of test EN 14198:2004, Railway applications Braking Requirements for the brake system of trains hauled by a locomotive EN 14478, Railway applications Braking Generic vocabulary 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 13452-1:2004, EN 14198:2003 and EN 14478:2004 apply. NOTE If there are inconsistencies between this European Standard and the definitions given in
