1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14702-1:2006Characterization of sludges Settling properties Part 1: Determination of settleability (Determination of the proportion of sludge volume and sludge volume index)The European Standard EN 14702-1:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 13.030.20g49g50g3g38g50g51g
2、60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 14702-1:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committ
3、ee on 30 April 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50512 6National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 14702-1:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/5, Sludge characterization.A list of organizations represented
4、 on EH/5 can be obtained on request to its secretary.The UK committee has never seen the need to standardize this method at a European level and, as a consequence, has not been actively involved in the development of this standard. However, the UK committee is pleased that a classic British method w
5、as selected. The method has long been used as a valuable operational-control method and is available in existing technical literature (see reference 1 in the bibliography of this standard). Due to the difficulty and cost of sending liquid sludge samples (in such a manner that their properties do not
6、 change) to laboratories for international interlaboratory trials of the performance of this method, interested parties convened at a workshop to assess the test. Their conclusion was that the results are operationally defined (e.g. by the filter paper used) and, as the document does not specify all
7、 such operational details, the performance data are not really applicable outside the context of the workshop. As a result, the members of EH/5 have no information to offer on the reproducibility of the results.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.
8、Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14702-1March 2006ICS 13.030.20English VersionCharacterization
9、of sludges - Settling properties - Part 1:Determination of settleability (Determination of the proportion ofsludge volume and sludge volume index)Caractrisation des boues - Proprits de sdimentation -Partie 1: Dtermination de laptitude la sdimentation(Dtermination du volume de boues et de lindice de
10、boues)Charakterisierung von Schlmmen - Absetzeigenschaften -Teil 1: Bestimmung der Absetzbarkeit (Bestimmung desSchlammvolumens und des Schlammvolumenindexes)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 February 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
11、stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard
12、exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bo
13、dies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMI
14、TTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14702-1:2006: EEN 14702-1:2006 (E) 2 Cont
15、ents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Principle5 5 Interferences 6 6 Apparatus .6 7 Procedure .6 7.1 General6 7.2 Determination of solids concentration6 8 Expression of results 6 9 Precision.7 10 Test report 7 Annex A (informative) Result
16、s of validation trials .8 Bibliography 12 EN 14702-1:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14702-1:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 308 “Characterization of sludges”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standa
17、rd, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2006. Another part of this European Standard is: Part 2: Determination of thickenability. According to the CEN/CENELEC I
18、nternal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Ne
19、therlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14702-1:2006 (E) 4 Introduction Determination of the settleability via the determination of the proportion of sludge volume is an operational parameter and enables an assessment to be
20、made (admittedly only within limits) of the dry matter content of a mixture of sludge and water. The value is used for calculating the rate of sludge settling and calculating the sludge volume index and to evaluate the performance of settling tanks. EN 14702-1:2006 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specif
21、ies a method for the determination of the settleability of sludge suspensions. This document is applicable to sludge suspensions from: storm water handling; urban wastewater collecting systems; urban wastewater treatment plants; treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined
22、in Directive 91/271 EEC); water supply treatment plants. This method is also applicable to sludge suspensions from other origin. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
23、 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 872, Water quality Determination of suspended solids Method by filtration through glass fibre filters EN 12880, Characterization of sludges Determination of dry residue and water content EN 1085
24、:1997, Waste water treatment Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1085:1997 and the following apply. 3.1 settleability ability of sludge solids to separate from water by sedimentation under gravity 3.2 settled sludge volume volum
25、e of the sludge solids suspension after settling under specified conditions 7360, EN 1085:1997 3.3 sludge volume index sludge volume divided by the concentration of dry matter by mass in the sludge 7370, EN 1085:1997 4 Principle The settled sludge volume and the sludge volume index are determined by
26、 a 30 min settling of a sludge suspension. EN 14702-1:2006 (E) 6 5 Interferences In order to avoid modifying the settling process, the sludge/water mixture must not be too strongly shaken. The settling process can be disturbed by the walls of the vessel and the mutual interference between individual
27、 flocs, particularly when the proportion of sludge volume is high (greater than 250 ml/l). In such cases a new sample is prepared by dilution as described under 7.2. If the dissolved solids content is low and can be neglected in comparison to dry matter content, the total solids content should be de
28、termined and used for calculations. Interference also occurs when there are fairly large temperature differences between the temperature of the sample and the ambient temperature as a result of convection and formation of gas bubbles. With differences of more than 5 C it is advisable to place the se
29、ttling cylinder with the sample in a bucket filled with the sample fluid. 6 Apparatus 6.1 graduated cylinder, nominal volume 1 000 ml, made of glass or transparent plastic, diameter 60 mm to 70 mm NOTE In cases where the sludge volume after 30 min is less than 50 ml, an Imhoff cone of a volume of 1
30、l may be used. 6.2 scoop, nominal volume 1 l 7 Procedure 7.1 General A representative sample of a sludge suspension is taken by a scoop and immediately poured into the graduated cylinder up to the 1 000 ml mark. For this purpose, a scoop holding 1 l up to the edge should be used; this avoids possibl
31、e settling in the scoop. Once the sample has stood for 30 min in one place without shaking, the sludge volume is read off at the surface level of the sludge (sludge-water interface). The determination shall be repeated if the sludge volume is greater than 250 ml/l. For this purpose, the new sample s
32、hall be first of all diluted with water taken from the standing water of a sludge suspension or from water run off from a settling basin, in a volume ratio 1:1, 1:2 or 1:3. The value then read off for the sludge volume is multiplied by the dilution factor 2, 3 or 4 for the evaluation. Gently homogen
33、ize the diluted sample by turning the closed cylinder two times overhead. In reporting the result, the dilution used is that at which the value goes below 250 ml/l for the first time. Determination shall be performed in duplicates. 7.2 Determination of solids concentration 7.2.1 If the total dissolv
34、ed solids concentration is less than 10 % of total solids, the concentration by mass of dry matter in sludge (g/l) has to be determined following EN 12880. 7.2.2 If the total dissolved solids concentration is higher than 10 % of total solids, the concentration by mass of dry matter in sludge (g/l) h
35、as to be determined following EN 872. 8 Expression of results The settled sludge volume VSin ml/l is obtained as the sludge volume after settling divided by the volume of the initial sludge sample used. EN 14702-1:2006 (E) 7 The sludge volume index is calculated from the equation: TSsvVI = where Isv
36、is the sludge volume index in millilitres per gram (ml/g); NOTE 1 In technical literature this parameter is often named SVI. VSis the sludge volume in millilitres per litre (ml/l) after 30 min settling, taken as an average of at least two measurements; Tis the concentration of solids in sludge, in g
37、rams per litre (g/l) (see Clause 7). NOTE 2 Values rounded to the nearest 10 ml/l are given for the proportion of sludge volume. If the sample has to be diluted, the sludge volume shall be read off in the diluted sample and the dilution factor shall be given in brackets after the reported value. EXA
38、MPLE 1 Original sample: Proportion of the settled sludge volume 180 ml/l EXAMPLE 2 Diluted sample: Proportion of the settled sludge volume 510 ml/l (170 ml after 3 times dilution) Values rounded to the nearest 1 ml/g are reported for the sludge volume index. EXAMPLE 3 Sludge volume index 145 ml/g 9
39、Precision Results of validation trials are summarized in Annex A (informative). The repeatability standard deviation ranges from 0,066 ml/g (0,2 %) for digested sewage sludge, to 0,287 ml/g (1,2 %) for waterworks sludge, and to 4,370 ml/g (3,0 %) for activated sewage sludge. Mean value is 1,574 ml/g
40、 (2,2 %). Minimum precision is 3,0 %. The reproducibility standard deviation ranges from 0,131 ml/g (0,3 %) for digested sewage sludge, to 0,521 ml/g (2,2 %) for waterworks sludge, and to 7,304 ml/g (5,1 %) for activated sewage sludge. Mean value is 2,652 ml/g (3,8 %). Minimum precision is 5,1 %. 10
41、 Test report The test report shall contain the following information: a) reference to this document; b) all information necessary for the complete identification of the sludge sample; c) details of sample preparation; e.g. dilution; d) results of the determination according to Clause 8; e) any detai
42、ls not specified in this document or which are optional and any other factor which may have affected the results. EN 14702-1:2006 (E) 8 Annex A (informative) Results of validation trials Because the circulation of samples of real sludge high in organic content is not possible due to problems associa
43、ted to changes in their physical characteristics during handling and transportation, the “Modified Round Robin Tests” procedure, developed by TG 3 of CEN/TC 308/WG 1, and reported in doc CEN/TC 308 N 822, was followed. With this procedure, the round robin tests are carried out through “circulation o
44、f analysts”, i.e. operators coming from the laboratories participating to the exercise meet in a common location, close to the place where samples are collected, and work there on same samples, each using own apparatus. Validation trials were carried out at LUA, Dsseldorf, on 29 September 2004. Tria
45、ls involved a total of 11 Operators from the following 9 Laboratories/Institutions in 3 Countries: ARPA Puglia (Bari, I), CEMAGREF (Montaldre, F), CNR-IRSA (Bari, I), Comm. Env. Emerg. in Puglia Region (Bari, I), DIN (Berlin, D), LUA-NRW (Dsseldorf, D), STUA (Lippstadt, D), UBA (Berlin, D), Universi
46、ty of Lecce (I). The following 3 different sludge types were tested: Sample 1: Sewage sludge activated Solids concentration (g/l): 2,71 Sample 2: Sewage sludge digested Dry residue (%): 2,21 Sample 3: Waterworks sludge Dry residue (%): 3,62 (analyses for measuring solids concentration and/or dry res
47、idue were carried out at the Chemical-biological Laboratory of Landeshauptstadt in Dsseldorf) Test results have been statistically analysed for the evaluation of precision according to ISO 5725-2. In particular, the repeatability standard deviation sr(for cells containing more than one figure), and
48、the reproducibility standard deviation sRwere calculated. The tables of results which follow contain the following symbols: i is the operator number; j is the level (sample) number; k (= 1, 2, ., n) is the test number; n are the replicates; nijis the number of test results in the cell for operator (
49、i) at level (j); p is the total number of operators (i) (i = 1, 2, , p); q are the total testing levels (batches of materials) (j) (j = 1, 2, , q); sris the repeatability standard deviation; EN 14702-1:2006 (E) 9 sRis the reproducibility standard deviation; ijis the cell means; y is the test result; yijkis the result of the test number (k) for operator (i) at level/sample (j). Table A.1 Readings Operator number (i)Level (j) Sample 1 Level Sample 2 Level Sample 3 values (yijk) ml/l mean (ij) ml/l values (yijk) m/l mean (ij
