1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15051-1:2013Workplace exposure Measurement of the dustinessof bulk materialsPart 1: Requirements and choice of testmethodsBS EN 15051-1:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15051-1:2013.Together with BS EN 15051-2:2
2、013 and BS EN 15051-3:2013 itsupersedes BS EN 15051:2006, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/2, Work place atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication do
3、es not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 76532 2ICS 13.040.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal
4、obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 15051-1:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15051-1 November 2013 ICS 13.040.30 Supers
5、edes EN 15051:2006English Version Workplace exposure - Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials - Part 1: Requirements and choice of test methods Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesure du pouvoir de resuspension des matriaux pulvrulents en vrac - Partie 1: Exigences et choix des mthodes
6、dessai Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung des Staubungsverhaltens von Schttgtern - Teil 1: Anforderungen und Auswahl der Prfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 September 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the condi
7、tions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists
8、 in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national stand
9、ards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slo
10、venia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserve
11、d worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15051-1:2013: EBS EN 15051-1:2013EN 15051-1:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms and definitions .8 4 Principle 8 5 General procedures .9 5.1 Condition of the bulk material 9 5.2 Sample and en
12、vironmental control 9 5.3 Taking samples from the bulk material .9 5.4 Moisture content . 10 5.5 Bulk density . 10 5.6 Test procedure 10 5.7 Replicate tests . 10 5.8 Reporting . 10 6 Choice of test methods 10 6.1 General . 10 6.2 Selection of the most appropriate test method . 11 7 Evaluation of dus
13、tiness . 11 8 Test report . 12 Annex A (normative) Determination of moisture content. 13 A.1 Infrared dryer method 13 A.1.1 Principle . 13 A.1.2 Procedure 13 A.2 Alternative method . 13 Annex B (normative) Determination of bulk density of the test material 15 B.1 Equipment . 15 B.2 Special requireme
14、nts . 15 B.3 Procedure 15 Bibliography . 16 BS EN 15051-1:2013EN 15051-1:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15051-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137 “Assessment of workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This Europea
15、n Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of th
16、is document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document, together with EN 15051-2:2013 and EN 15051-3:2013, supersedes EN 15051:2006. The major technical changes between this European Standard and
17、the previous edition are as follows: a) EN 15051:2006 has been split in three parts (see below); b) the test methods given are no longer referred to as reference test methods; c) the test of equivalence between an alternative (candidate) test method and any of the test methods now given in EN 15051-
18、2 and EN 15051-3 have been deleted. EN 15051 Workplace exposure Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials consists of the following parts: Part 1: Requirements and choice of test methods; Part 2: Rotating drum method; Part 3: Continuous drop method. EN 15051-2 and EN 15051-3 give details of two
19、 test apparatus and test methods for the reproducible production of dust from a bulk material under standard conditions, and the measurement of the inhalable, thoracic and respirable fractions of this dust, with reference to the existing European Standards, where relevant (see Clause 6). According t
20、o the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greec
21、e, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15051-1:2013EN 15051-1:2013 (E) 4 Introduction The control of dust emissions during the hand
22、ling and transportation of bulk materials is an important consideration in the design and operation of many industrial processes. Excessive airborne dust levels in workplaces are undesirable for several reasons: they can cause adverse health effects to the workers; their control can involve the use
23、of costly ventilation and filtration systems; they can contaminate machinery and products; they can be costly in terms of product losses; It is therefore advantageous for occupational hygienists and process engineers to have relevant information about the propensity of bulk materials to produce airb
24、orne dust (the “dustiness” of the bulk material) so that risks can be evaluated, controlled and minimized. No single method of dustiness testing is likely to represent and reproduce the various types of processing and handling used in industry. Therefore a number of dustiness testing methods are in
25、use in different industries. Different methods use different test apparatus and measuring principles, and express results in different ways. Methods that do not separate the dust cloud produced into the three health-related size fractions - inhalable, thoracic and respirable dust - can serve the nee
26、ds of manufacturing industry for process and batch control, but give limited information on the health hazard due to the dustiness of the bulk material. Dustiness is a relative term and the measurement obtained will depend on the test apparatus used, the condition and properties of the tested bulk m
27、aterial and various environmental variables. The test and the variables therefore need to be closely specified to ensure reproducibility. Recognising the above, it was concluded that there was a need for standardized methods to measure the dustiness of bulk materials, based on the biologically relev
28、ant aerosol fractions defined in EN 481. This European Standard, together with EN 15051-2 and EN 15051-3, establishes test methods that classify the dustiness, in terms of health-related fractions, of solid bulk materials. The dustiness classification is intended to provide users (e.g. manufacturers
29、, producers, occupational hygienists and workers) with information on the potential for dust emissions when the bulk material is handled or processed in workplaces. It provides the manufacturers of bulk materials with information that can help to improve their products. It allows the users of the bu
30、lk materials to assess the effects of pre-treatments, and also to select less dusty products, if available. Although this European Standard does not discuss the analysis of dust released from bulk materials (except in terms of health-related fractions), the test method produces samples with the pote
31、ntial for chemical analysis of the contents. If methods to evaluate dustiness for bulk materials handled in other ways are deemed of importance, CEN/TC 137 could be approached for adopting a new work item, e.g. more specific industrial handling procedures. The level of the dustiness generally depend
32、s on material-specific and process-specific parameters. The most important material-specific parameters are the particle size distribution of the bulk material, its bulk density, its moisture content (“bulk material moisture content”), its chemical composition, BS EN 15051-1:2013EN 15051-1:2013 (E)
33、5 physical characteristics like electrostatic charge distribution. Process-specific parameters are mainly determined by the type of handling and are essentially determined by the type and level of energy that leads to dust release, and the duration of the energy effect. This European Standard was or
34、iginally developed based on the results of the European project SMT4-CT96-2074 Development of a Method for Dustiness Testing (see 1). This project investigated the dustiness of 12 bulk materials, with the intention to test as wide a range of bulk materials as possible, i.e. magnitude of dustiness, i
35、ndustrial sectors, chemical composition and particle size distribution. In this revised version, important comments from industrial users of the standard (e.g. Industrial Minerals Association), a number of research papers (for example, 2 and 3) and the potential influence of the expanding database o
36、f dustiness results have been taken into account. BS EN 15051-1:2013EN 15051-1:2013 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the environmental conditions, the sample handling and analytical procedures and the method of calculating and presenting the results. Reasons are given for the need for
37、more than one method and advice is given on the choice of method to be used. This European Standard establishes a classification scheme for dustiness to provide a standardised way to express and communicate the results to users of the bulk materials. Details of the scheme for each method are given i
38、n EN 15051-2 and EN 15051-3. This European Standard is applicable to powdered, granular or pelletized bulk materials. This European Standard is not applicable to test the dust released during mechanical reduction of solid bulk materials (e.g. cut, crushed) or to test application procedures for the b
39、ulk materials. Figure 1 gives a flow chart to provide the user of this European Standard a route through the necessary stages that need to be taken to obtain values of the dustiness of a given bulk material. BS EN 15051-1:2013EN 15051-1:2013 (E) 7 Figure 1 Flow chart to show how EN 15051 is used to
40、measure the dustiness of a bulk material BS EN 15051-1:2013EN 15051-1:2013 (E) 8 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undat
41、ed references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1540, Workplace exposure - Terminology EN 15051-2, Workplace exposure - Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials - Part 2: Rotating drum method EN 15051-3, Workplace exposure - Measurement of th
42、e dustiness of bulk materials - Part 3: Continuous drop method 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1540 and the following apply. NOTE In particular, the following terms of EN 1540 are used in this document: airborne dust, collected sample,
43、dustiness, inhalable fraction, respirable fraction, thoracic fraction and health related fractions. 3.1 inhalable dustiness mass fraction wI,tratio of the inhalable dust produced by the dustiness test procedure, to the test mass for the respective test method t Note 1 to entry: The different test me
44、thods are described in EN 150512 and EN 150513, and t has the value A and B for the two methods respectively. 3.2 respirable dustiness mass fraction wR,tratio of the respirable dust produced by the dustiness test procedure to the test mass for the respective test method t Note 1 to entry: The differ
45、ent test methods are described in EN 150512 and EN 150513, and t has the value A and B for the two methods respectively. 3.3 thoracic dustiness mass fraction wT,tratio of the thoracic dust produced by the dustiness test procedure to the initial mass for the respective test method t Note 1 to entry:
46、The different test methods are described in EN 150512 and EN 150513, and t has the value A and B for the two methods respectively. 4 Principle A dustiness tester consists of the following elements: dust generation section; dust transfer section; sampling section; BS EN 15051-1:2013EN 15051-1:2013 (E
47、) 9 size fractionator(s); dust collection section. A standard volume of bulk material, with known moisture content and bulk density, is weighed and then placed in the dust generation section, where it is treated under standard conditions for a set period of time. The airborne dust released is drawn
48、from the dust generation section, through the dust transfer section, into the sampling section. Here, the size fractionator(s) classifies the airborne dust according to aerodynamic particle size. The dust collection section deposits the dust fractions onto suitable media for gravimetric analysis. Th
49、e results are used to calculate the inhalable, thoracic and respirable dustiness mass fractions of the released dust, in relation to the initial mass of bulk material used. These data are used to classify the dustiness of the bulk material. 5 General procedures 5.1 Condition of the bulk material The bulk material shall be delivered as placed on the market, in air-tight containers, and shall be tested in the state in which it was received (for example, moisture content, particle size distribution). 5.2 Sample and environme
