1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 4492:2013Metallic powders, excludingpowders for hardmetals Determination of dimensionalchanges associated withcompacting and sintering (ISO4492:2013)BS EN ISO 4492:2013
2、 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 4492:2013.It supersedes BS EN 24492:1993 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/65, Sintered metal components.A list of organizations represented on
3、this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 78919 9ICS
4、77.160Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENN
5、E EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 4492 March 2013 ICS 77.160 Supersedes EN 24492:1993English Version Metallic powders, excluding powders for hardmetals - Determination of dimensional changes associated with compacting and sintering (ISO 4492:2013) Poudres mtalliques lexclusion des poudres pour mtaux-durs - D
6、termination de changements dimensionnels lis la compression et au frittage (ISO 4492:2013) Metallpulver, mit Ausnahme von Hartmetallpulvern - Ermittlung der Manderungen beim Pressen und Sintern (ISO 4492:2013) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 February 2013. CEN members are bound to c
7、omply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENE
8、LEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
9、 same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembo
10、urg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN Al
11、l rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 4492:2013: EBS EN ISO 4492:2013EN ISO 4492:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 4492:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 “Powder metallurgy“. This European St
12、andard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elemen
13、ts of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 24492:1993. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following co
14、untries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
15、Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 4492:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4492:2013 without any modification. BS EN ISO 4492:2013ISO 4492:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents P
16、ageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Principle 14 Test parameters . 15 Symbols and dsignations 26 Apparatus . 27 Sampling 28 Procedure. 29 Expression of results 310 Test report . 3Annex A (informative) Information on dimensional change behaviour . 8BS EN ISO 4492:2013ISO 4492:2013(E)Fo
17、rewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a tech
18、nical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
19、 electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
20、the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for id
21、entifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 4492 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy, Subcommittee SC 2, Sampling and testing methods for powders (including powders for hardmetals).This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4492:1985), of which it c
22、onstitutes a minor revision.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 4492:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4492:2013(E)Metallic powders, excluding powders for hardmetals Determination of dimensional changes associated with compacting and sintering1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method b
23、y which the dimensional changes associated with compacting and sintering of metallic powders are compared with those of a reference powder when processed under similar conditions. (See Clause 4.)The method applies to the determination of three types of dimensional changes involved with the processin
24、g of metallic powders, excluding powders for hardmetals.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (includ
25、ing any amendments) applies.ISO 2740, Sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals Tensile test piecesISO 3927, Metallic powders, excluding powders for hardmetals Determination of compressibility in uniaxial compression3 PrincipleCompaction of a metallic powder or powder mix with admixed lubricant
26、 was used to produce a test piece that was sintered under controlled conditions. Depending upon the particular dimensional change required, measurement of the dimension of the uploaded die cavity, the green compact, and/or the sintered test piece is calculated. The algebraic difference between these
27、 various measurements is calculated as a percentage of the dimension of the die cavity or the green compact. (See Clause 9.)Standard test pieces made from a reference lot of powder are processed together with the sample under test and the dimensional changes of the two powders are reported.4 Test pa
28、rametersThe reference powder shall be chosen by agreement between the supplier and user and shall have a composition and properties as close as possible to those of the powder to be tested.The following three types of dimensional changes are dealt with in this International Standard:4.1 From die siz
29、e to green size (spring back): The increase in dimensions of a compact, measured at right angles to the direction of pressing, after being ejected from the die.4.2 From green size to sintered size (sintered dimensional change): The change in dimensions of an object that occurs as a result of sinteri
30、ng.4.3 From die size to sintered size (total dimensional change). ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 4492:2013ISO 4492:2013(E)5 Symbols and dsignationsTable 1 SymbolsSymbol Designation UnitdDTest dimension of unloaded die mmdGTest dimension of green compact mmdSTest dimension of sintered compac
31、t mm dDGSpring back % (+) dGSSintered dimensional change % (+ or ) dDSTotal dimensional change % (+ or )6 Apparatus6.1 Tools set, that will produce cylindrical (see Figure 1), rectangular (see Figure 2) or tensile test pieces (in accordance with ISO 2740), or test pieces similar to the actual compon
32、ents for which the powder is required.6.2 Press, capable of applying the pressures necessary to achieve the required density or required compacting pressure. See Figure 3.6.3 Balance, capable of weighing at least 100 g to an accuracy of 0,01 g.6.4 Micrometer, or other suitable measuring device for m
33、easuring the dimensions of the compacts and the die to an accuracy of 0,005 mm.6.5 Sintering furnace, capable of producing sintering conditions (time-temperature curve and atmosphere) as close as possible to those used in industry for the type of material to be tested.7 SamplingRepresentative quanti
34、ties of both the test and the reference powders sufficient to give at least three compacts shall be taken.8 Procedure8.1 The test powder and the reference powder shall be mixed under the same conditions with the same mass of additives, including lubricant, each taken from the same batch, to produce
35、the composition of the sintered components for which the powder is required.A test powder supplied ready for pressing shall be tested in the as-received condition.To avoid the possibility of distortion during sintering, it is recommended that the test pieces should not be less than 5 mm thick.8.2 Me
36、asure, to the nearest 0,005 mm, the test dimension (diameter or length) of the die in the unloaded condition and record the value dDobtained.8.3 Press, at the agreed density or agreed compacting pressure, at least three compacts from the test and reference powders prepared as in 8.1.2 ISO 2013 All r
37、ights reservedBS EN ISO 4492:2013ISO 4492:2013(E)8.4 Measure, to the nearest 0,005 mm, the test dimension of the green compact and record the value dGobtained.8.5 Sinter the test and reference compacts adjacent to each other under the conditions of time, temperature, and atmosphere, which simulate p
38、roduction conditions to be used for the sintered components for which the test powder is required.NOTE The support used for the test pieces to prevent distortion (i.e. ceramic plate or furnace belt), the rate of heat-up, the atmosphere, and the cooling rate may affect the dimensional change being me
39、asured and should be consistent.8.6 After cooling to room temperature, measure, to the nearest 0,005 mm, the test dimension of the sintered test and reference compacts and record the value dSobtained, ensuring that the dimensions before and after sintering are taken from the same position on the com
40、pacts.9 Expression of results9.1 The dimensional changes, expressed as percentages, are given by the following formulae:9.1.1 Green dimensional change (spring back)ddddDGGDD=100 9.1.2 Sintered dimensional change (positive or negative)ddddGSSGG=100 9.1.3 Total dimensional change (positive or negative
41、)ddddDSSDD=100 9.2 Report the dimensional changes for both the test and reference powders as the average of at least three determinations, rounded to the nearest 0,01 %.10 Test reportThe test report shall include the following information:a) a reference to this International Standard;b) all details
42、necessary for identification of the test sample;c) all details necessary for identification of the reference powder;d) the type of test piece, and its dimensions before sintering;e) the density of the green compact or if the compacts were pressed to a required compacting pressure;f) sintering detail
43、s;g) the result obtained;h) all operations not specified by this International Standard, or regarded as optional;i) details of any occurrence which may have affected the result. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 4492:2013ISO 4492:2013(E)a) Upper punch, L = H 10b) Die, H = 60 to 80c) Lower punc
44、h, L = H + 35Key1 cemented carbide2 shrink ringH height of tool dieFigure 1 Example of tooling to produce a cylindrical test piece4 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 4492:2013ISO 4492:2013(E)a) Upper punch, L = 25b) Die ISO 2013 All rights reserved 5BS EN ISO 4492:2013ISO 4492:2013(E)c) Lower pu
45、nch, L = 70Key1 cemented carbide2 shrink ringasteel HRC 60 to 62Figure 2 Example of tooling to produce a rectangular test piece6 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 4492:2013ISO 4492:2013(E)a) Filling b) Pre-compactingc) Compacting d) EjectionKey1 tool die2 sample powder3 spacer4 lower punch5 uppe
46、r punchFigure 3 Procedure of compacting and ejection ISO 2013 All rights reserved 7BS EN ISO 4492:2013ISO 4492:2013(E)Annex A (informative) Information on dimensional change behaviourThe inclusion of information on dimensional change behaviour in technical literature, which is supplied by powder pro
47、ducers regarding various properties of their products, is of great value to the powder-consuming industry. It is recommended that such data be given with reference to the dimensional change behaviour of well-established grades of powder after testing, in accordance with this International Standard.8
48、 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 4492:2013This page deliberately left blankThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services. It presents the UK view on standards
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