1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 4534:2010Vitreous and porcelain enamels Determination of fluiditybehaviour Fusion flow test(ISO 4534:2010)BS EN ISO 4534:2010Incorporating corrigendum November 2014BS EN ISO 4534:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation o
2、f EN ISO 4534:2010. It supersedes BS 1344-18:1981, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee STI/36, Vitreous enamel coatings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does
3、not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 88637 9ICS 25.220.50Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal
4、 obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2011.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected30 November 2014 Correction to supersession details in national forewordEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROP
5、ENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 4534 December 2010 ICS 25.220.50 English Version Vitreous and porcelain enamels - Determination of fluidity behaviour - Fusion flow test (ISO 4534:2010) maux vitrifis - Dtermination du comportement de fluidit - Essai dcoulement (ISO 4534:2010) Emails und Emaillierungen -
6、Prfung des Flieverhaltens - Ablaufversuch (ISO 4534:2010) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard witho
7、ut any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other l
8、anguage made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Den
9、mark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALIS
10、ATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 4534:2010: EBS EN ISO 4534:2010EN ISO 4534:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO
11、 4534:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 262 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national
12、 standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
13、 CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cypr
14、us, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 45
15、34:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 4534:2010 without any modification. BS EN ISO 4534:2010EN ISO 4534:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 4534:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings” in collaboration with Technical Committee C
16、EN/TC 262 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be wi
17、thdrawn at the latest by June 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,
18、 the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Net
19、herlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 4534:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 4534:2010 without any modification. BS EN ISO 4534:2010EN ISO 4534:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (
20、EN ISO 4534:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 262 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a na
21、tional standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent r
22、ights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia
23、, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of
24、ISO 4534:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 4534:2010 without any modification. BS EN ISO 4534:2010ISO 4534:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The
25、 work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gove
26、rnmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. T
27、he main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vot
28、e. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 4534 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107, Metallic and other inorganic coatings. Th
29、is second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4534:1980), which has been technically revised. The revised edition allows for the use of flow plates, other than unglazed ceramic tiles, such as enamelled steel or cast iron which is common practice in some countries. BS EN ISO 4534:2010
30、ISO 4534:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedIntroduction The fusion flow test specified in this International Standard is a comparative method which can be carried out with simplified equipment to provide data on the fluidity behaviour of molten enamel. The results from this test allow conclusio
31、ns on the flow properties of the enamel to be inferred in a much simpler manner than is possible from the results of the much more expensive measurements made using the usual viscosity- measuring instruments. The results of extensive tests1)have shown that there is a well-defined relationship betwee
32、n the results of the flow test and the viscosity-temperature curve, so that the flow test could also be used as an absolute method. However, more effort would be required to enable the various laboratories to obtain comparable results of similar quality than when using the method for comparative pur
33、poses. When using this method, the reference (comparison) enamel must be similar to the enamel to be tested, as the fluidity behaviour of the various types of enamel might vary considerably from one type to another. 1) Dekker, P. Calculation of viscosity-temperature curves for porcelain enamels from
34、 the flow-button test. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 48 (1965), 6, pp. 319 to 327. BS EN ISO 4534:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4534:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Vitreous and porcelain enamels Determination of fluidity behaviour Fusion flow test WARNING This International Standa
35、rd calls for the use of substances and/or procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate safety measures are not taken. This International Standard does not address any health hazards, safety or environmental matters associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this Inter
36、national Standard to establish appropriate health, safety and environmentally acceptable practices and take suitable actions for any national and international regulations. Compliance with this International Standard does not in itself confer immunity from legal obligations. 1 Scope This Internation
37、al Standard specifies a comparative method of determining the fluidity behaviour of vitreous and porcelain enamels in the viscous condition during firing. It is not intended for use as an absolute method. 2 Principle The test samples are dried or wet-ground in accordance with the processing conditio
38、ns. Cylindrical specimens of specified mass are pressed from the enamel powder, or the dried enamel slip, and from the reference enamel agreed upon between the parties concerned. The test specimens are placed in a laboratory furnace at an agreed temperature on an unglazed ceramic tile in the horizon
39、tal position and melted to hemispherical shape. The tile is tilted to permit the enamel to flow at a specified angle and for an agreed time period. The length flow number, Fl, and the breadth flow number, Fb, are calculated on the basis of the flow lengths and flow breadths of the test specimens. 3
40、Material and apparatus 3.1 Reference enamel, to be agreed upon by the parties concerned, having similar fluidity behaviour to the enamel to be tested. 3.2 Ball mill. 3.3 Evaporation device, for example, a hot-air oven, a hot plate, a sand bath. 3.4 Mortar. 3.5 Pestle. 3.6 Balance, with an accuracy o
41、f 0,01 g. 3.7 Press, able to generate a pressure of at least 5 N/mm2, with a cylindrical mould having an internal diameter of 8 mm to 10 mm for preparation of the test specimens. BS EN ISO 4534:2010ISO 4534:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved3.8 Flow plate, consisting preferably of a smooth ungla
42、zed ceramic tile, with side lengths of approximately 75 mm and a thickness of 5 mm to 6 mm, prefired at a temperature of at least 1 100 C. It shall have a water absorption at atmospheric pressure u 25% and a homogeneous fine ceramic body. Flow plates may also be cut from a larger plate (see A.1). 3.
43、9 Tilting frame, (see Figures 1 and 2), for placing a flow plate inside a laboratory furnace in a horizontal position and tilting the plate to an angle between 30 and 90. NOTE For very viscous samples, it can be favourable to increase the slope; for samples of low viscosity, it can be favourable to
44、decrease the slope. Figure 1 Example of tilting frame set in a horizontal position for receiving the flow plate Key l1, l2, l3and l4flow lengths of the four specimens b1, b2, b3and b4maximum flow breadths of the four specimens (see Clause 6) Figure 2 Tilting frame tilted by 45 with flow plate and fo
45、ur specimens BS EN ISO 4534:2010ISO 4534:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 33.10 Electrically heated laboratory furnace, capable of being controlled at (900 10) C. 3.11 Stop watch. 4 Test specimens 4.1 Preparation of enamel The sample may be taken from the enamel powder readily ground or it may b
46、e ground separately in the ball mill (3.2). Mill additives and the fineness of grinding depend on the manufacturing conditions. In special cases, the complete grain-size distribution shall be taken into account. Wet-ground enamels shall be evaporated to dryness in an evaporation dish. After cooling,
47、 the dried enamel shall be loosened and again pulverized using the pestle (3.5) and mortar (3.4). If agreed, mill additives, which are completely or partially soluble in water and are only used as a setting-up agent, may be omitted. Where the fluidity of frits only is to be determined, they should b
48、e milled dry. 4.2 Preparation of test specimens The enamel shall have a mass of 1 g to 2 g, with a relative deviation of maximum 3 %. As specified in 4.1, the enamel powder shall be mixed with a defined amount of water in an empty mould (see 3.7 and A.2). Immediately press the specimen at a pressure
49、 of at least 5 N/mm2. It is important to prepare all test specimens in the same manner with the same number of water drops. 4.3 Number of tests Each flow test shall be performed with an agreed number of specimens made of the test enamel and at least one specimen made of the reference enamel (see Clause 5). 5 Procedure Place the agreed number of test specimens and at least one specimen of the reference enamel on the flow plate (3.8) within the supporting area (see Figure 3). If various flow tests are carried out, interchange the posi
