1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Water quality - Gross alpha activity - Test method using thick source (ISO 9696:2017)BS EN ISO 9696:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 9696 November 2017 ICS 13.060.60 English Version Water qua
2、lity - Gross alpha activity - Test method using thick source (ISO 9696:2017) Qualit de leau - Activit alpha globale - Mthode dessai par source concentre (ISO 9696:2017) Wasserbeschaffenheit - Gesamt-Alpha-Aktivitt - Dickschichtverfahren (ISO 9696:2017) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1
3、9 September 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards ma
4、y be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified
5、to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland
6、, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC
7、Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 9696:2017 ENational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 9696:2017. It is identical to ISO 96
8、96:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 9696:2007, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/3/8, Radioactivity measurements methods.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does
9、not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 91460 7ICS 17.240; 13.060.60Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fro
10、m legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 9696:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 9
11、696 November 2017 ICS 13.060.60 English Version Water quality - Gross alpha activity - Test method using thick source (ISO 9696:2017) Qualit de leau - Activit alpha globale - Mthode dessai par source concentre (ISO 9696:2017) Wasserbeschaffenheit - Gesamt-Alpha-Aktivitt - Dickschichtverfahren (ISO 9
12、696:2017) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 September 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliog
13、raphical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsib
14、ility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republi
15、c of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE
16、NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 9696:2017 EBS EN ISO 9696:2017EN ISO 9696:2017 (E) 3 European fo
17、reword This document (EN ISO 9696:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147 “Water quality“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either b
18、y publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2018 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2018. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held
19、 responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
20、 Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice
21、The text of ISO 9696:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 9696:2017 without any modification. BS EN ISO 9696:2017ISO 9696:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols 25 Principle 26 Reagents and equipment . 36.1 Reagents 36.2 Equipment .
22、 47 Procedure. 47.1 Sampling . 57.2 Pretreatment . 57.3 Concentration stage 57.4 Sulfation stage . 57.5 Ignition stage 67.6 Source preparation 67.7 Measurement 67.8 Background determination 67.9 Preparation of the calibration source 67.10 Sensitivity and bias 77.11 Optimization of the determination
23、78 Contamination check . 88.1 General . 88.2 Radon isotopes losses . 88.3 Polonium losses 89 Expression of results 89.1 Calculation of activity concentration . 89.2 Standard uncertainty . 99.3 Decision threshold . 99.4 Detection limit 109.5 Confidence-interval limits 1010 Test report 10Annex A (info
24、rmative) Performance criteria 12Bibliography .13 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 9696:2017ISO 9696:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internat
25、ional Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with I
26、SO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Pa
27、rt 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the
28、elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations rec
29、eived (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, a
30、s well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 3, Radioactivity meas
31、urements.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 9696:2007), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 9696:2017ISO 9696:2017(E)IntroductionRadioactivity from several naturally occurring and anthropogenic sources is present throughout the env
32、ironment. Thus, water bodies (e.g. surface waters, ground waters, sea waters) can contain radionuclides of natural, human-made or of both origins: natural radionuclides, including 40K, 3H, 14C, and those originating from the thorium and uranium decay series, in particular 226Ra, 228Ra, 234U, 238U, 2
33、10Po and 210Pb, can be found in water for natural reasons (e.g. desorption from the soil and runoff by rain water) or can be released from technological processes involving naturally occurring radioactive materials (e.g. the mining and processing of mineral sands or phosphate fertilizers production
34、and use); anthropogenic radionuclides, such as the transuranium elements (e.g. americium, plutonium, neptunium and curium), 3H, 14C, 90Sr, and some gamma-emitting radionuclides can also be found in natural waters. Small quantities of these radionuclides may be discharged from nuclear fuel cycle faci
35、lities into the environment as the result of authorized routine releases. Some of these radionuclides used for medical and industrial applications may also be released into the environment after use. Anthropogenic radionuclides are also found in waters as the result of past fallout contamination res
36、ulting from the above ground detonation of nuclear devices and accidents such as those that occurred in Chernobyl and Fukushima.Radionuclide activity concentration in water bodies can vary according to local geological characteristics and climatic conditions and can be locally and temporally enhance
37、d by releases from nuclear installation during planned, existing and emergency exposure situations1. Drinking water may thus contain radionuclides at activity concentrations which could present a risk to human health.The radionuclides present in liquid effluents are usually controlled before being d
38、ischarged into the environment2and water bodies. Drinking water may be monitored for their radioactivity as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO)3. Such control and monitoring can enable to take proper actions to ensure that there is no adverse health effects to the public. Following th
39、ese international recommendations, radionuclide authorized concentration limits for liquid effluent discharged to the environment and radionuclide guidance levels for water bodies and drinking water are usually specified by national regulations for planned, existing and emergency exposure situations
40、. Compliance with these limits can be assessed using measurement results with their associated uncertainties as requested by ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 and ISO 5667-20.Depending on the exposure situation, the limits and guidance levels that would result in an action to reduce health risk differ. As an examp
41、le, during planned or existing situation, the WHO guidance for screening levels in drinking water is 0,5 Bql1for gross alpha activity and 1 Bql1for gross beta activity.NOTE The guidance level is the activity concentration with an intake of 2 ld1of drinking water for 1 year that results in an effecti
42、ve dose of 0,1 mSva1for members of the public, an effective dose that represents a very low level of risk that is not expected to give rise to any detectable adverse health effect3.Thus, the test method may need to be adjusted depending if it is applied for either a planned-existing or an emergency
43、situation since during emergency situations, a large number of samples needs to be rapidly characterized. The test methods could be adapted so that its performance in term of characteristic limits, decision threshold and detection limit, and the uncertainties ensure that the gross activity concentra
44、tion test results permit the verification that they are below the guidance levels required by national authority for either planned-existing situations or an emergency situation567.Usually, the test methods can be adjusted to measure the gross activity concentration of the radionuclide(s) in either
45、wastewaters before storage or in liquid effluents before being discharged to the environment. The test results will enable the plant/installation operator to comply with national regulations in verifying that before their discharge, wastewaters/liquid effluent radioactive activity concentrations are
46、 lower than the authorized limits. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 9696:2017ISO 9696:2017(E)The test method(s) described in this document may be used during planned, existing and emergency exposure situations, as well as for wastewaters and liquid effluents with specific modifications that c
47、ould increase the overall uncertainty, detection limit and threshold.The test method(s) may be used for water samples after proper sampling, sample handling and test sample preparation (see the ad hoc part of ISO 5667).An international standard on a test method of gross alpha and gross beta activity
48、 concentrations in water samples is justified for test laboratories carrying out these measurements and may be required by national authorities, as laboratories may have to obtain a specific accreditation for radionuclide measurement of drinking water samples.This document is one of a set of Interna
49、tional Standards on test methods dealing with the measurement of the activity concentration of radionuclides in water samples.vi ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 9696:2017INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9696:2017(E)Water quality Gross alpha activity Test method using thick sourceWARNING Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish a
