1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 10863:2011Non-destructive testing ofwelds Ultrasonic testing Use of time-of-flightdiffraction technique (TOFD)(ISO 10863:2011)BS EN ISO 10863:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNatio
2、nal forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO10863:2011. It supersedes DD CEN/TS 14751:2004 which iswithdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can b
3、eobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 64193 0ICS 25.160.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.T
4、his British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 10863 September 2011 ICS 25.160.40 Supersedes CEN/TS 14751:2004Engli
5、sh Version Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Use of time-of-flight diffraction technique (TOFD) (ISO 10863:2011) Contrle non destructif des assemblages souds - Contrle par ultrasons - Utilisation de la technique de diffraction des temps de vol (mthode TOFD) (ISO 10863:2011) Zer
6、strungsfreie Prfung von Schweiverbindungen - Ultraschallprfung - Anwendung der Beugungslaufzeittechnik (TOFD) (ISO 10863:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 August 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for gi
7、ving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three of
8、ficial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies
9、of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdo
10、m. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 10863:2011: EBS E
11、N ISO 10863:2011EN ISO 10863:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (ISO 10863:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied processes“. This European Standard shall be
12、given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may
13、be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 14751:2004. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to
14、 implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swede
15、n, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN ISO 10863:2011ISO 10863:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 General remarks on the capabilities of the technique . 2 5 Testing levels . 3 6 Information required
16、 prior to testing . 3 6.1 Items to be defined by specification . 3 6.2 Specific information required by the operator before testing 4 6.3 Written test instruction or procedure 4 7 Requirements for personnel and equipment 4 7.1 Personnel qualifications . 4 7.2 Equipment 5 8 Preparation for testing 5
17、8.1 Volume to be inspected 5 8.2 Setup of probes . 6 8.3 Scan increment setting . 6 8.4 Geometry considerations . 6 8.5 Preparation of scanning surfaces . 6 8.6 Temperature . 7 8.7 Couplant . 7 8.8 Provision of datum points 7 9 Testing of base material . 7 10 Range and sensitivity settings . 8 10.1
18、Settings. 8 10.2 Checking of the settings . 8 10.3 Reference blocks . 9 11 Weld testing . 10 12 Interpretation and analysis of TOFD images 10 12.1 General . 10 12.2 Assessing the quality of the TOFD image 10 12.3 Identification of relevant TOFD indications 11 12.4 Classification of relevant TOFD ind
19、ications . 11 12.5 Determination of location and size 12 12.6 Evaluation against acceptance criteria . 13 13 Test report 13 Annex A (informative) Reference blocks 15 Annex B (informative) Examples of TOFD scans 20 Bibliography 30 BS EN ISO 10863:2011ISO 10863:2011(E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedF
20、oreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a te
21、chnical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters
22、of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated
23、 to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible f
24、or identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10863 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds, in
25、accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 5 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodi
26、es can be found at www.iso.org. BS EN ISO 10863:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10863:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Non-destructive testing of welds Ultrasonic testing Use of time-of-flight diffraction technique (TOFD) 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the application of the time-
27、of-flight diffraction (TOFD) technique to the semi- or fully automated ultrasonic testing of fusion-welded joints in metallic materials of minimum thickness 6 mm. It applies to full penetration welded joints of simple geometry in plates, pipes, and vessels, where both the weld and parent material ar
28、e low-alloyed carbon steel. Where specified and appropriate, TOFD can also be used on other types of materials that exhibit low ultrasonic attenuation (especially that due to scatter). Where material-dependent ultrasonic parameters are specified in this International Standard, they are based on stee
29、ls having a sound velocity of (5 920 50) m/s for longitudinal waves, and (3 255 30) m/s for transverse waves. It is necessary to take this fact into account when examining materials with a different velocity. This International Standard makes reference to the basic standard EN 583-6 and provides gui
30、dance on the specific capabilities and limitations of TOFD for the detection, location, sizing and characterization of discontinuities in fusion-welded joints. TOFD can be used as a stand-alone method or in combination with other non-destructive testing (NDT) methods or techniques, for manufacturing
31、 inspection, and for in-service inspection. This International Standard specifies four testing levels (A, B, C, D) in accordance with ISO 17635 and corresponding to an increasing level of inspection reliability. Guidance on the selection of testing levels is provided. This International Standard per
32、mits assessment of TOFD indications for acceptance purposes. This assessment is based on the evaluation of transmitted, reflected and diffracted ultrasonic signals within a generated TOFD image. This International Standard does not include acceptance levels for discontinuities. 2 Normative reference
33、s The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing Qualification
34、 and certification of NDT personnel General principles ISO 17635, Non-destructive testing of welds General rules for metallic materials ISO 17640:2010, Non-destructive testing of welds Ultrasonic testing Techniques, testing levels, and assessment EN 473, Non-destructive testing Qualification and cer
35、tification of NDT personnel General principles EN 583-6, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 6: Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities BS EN ISO 10863:2011ISO 10863:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reservedEN 1330-4, Non-destructive
36、testing Terminology Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing EN 12668 (all parts), Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1330-4 and the following a
37、pply. 3.1 time-of-flight diffraction setup TOFD setup probe arrangement defined by probe characteristics (e.g. frequency, probe element size, beam angle, wave mode) and probe centre separation 3.2 probe centre separation PCS distance between the index points of the two probes NOTE The PCS for two pr
38、obes located on a curved surface is the straight-line, geometric separation between the two probe index points and not the distance measured along the surface. 3.3 beam intersection point point of intersection of the two main beam axes 3.4 time-of-flight diffraction indication TOFD indication patter
39、n or disturbance in the time-of-flight diffraction image which may need further evaluation 3.5 time-of-flight diffraction image TOFD image two-dimensional image, constructed by collecting adjacent A-scans while moving the time-of-flight diffraction setup NOTE The signal amplitude of the A-scans is t
40、ypically represented by grey-scale values. 3.6 offset scan scan parallel to the weld axis, where the beam intersection point is not on the centreline of the weld 4 General remarks on the capabilities of the technique General principles of the TOFD technique are described in EN 583-6. For the testing
41、 of fusion-welded joints, some specific capabilities and limitations of the technique have to be considered. The TOFD technique is an ultrasonic image-generating technique, which offers the capability of detection, location, and sizing. To a certain extent, characterization of discontinuities in the
42、 weld material as well as in the adjacent parent material is also possible. Compared with purely reflection-based techniques, the TOFD technique, which is based upon diffraction as well as reflection, is less sensitive to the orientation of the discontinuity. Discontinuities oriented perpendicular t
43、o the surface, and at intermediate angles of tilt, are detectable as well as discontinuities in the weld fusion faces. BS EN ISO 10863:2011ISO 10863:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3In certain circumstances (thickness, weld preparation, scope of testing, etc.) more than one single TOFD setup is
44、 required. A typical TOFD image is linear in time (vertical axis) and probe movement (horizontal axis). Because of the V-configuration of the ultrasound paths, the location of a possible discontinuity is then non-linear. TOFD testing has to be carried out in a correct and consistent way, such that v
45、alid images are generated which can be evaluated correctly, e.g. coupling losses and data acquisition errors have to be avoided, see 12.2. The interpretation of TOFD images requires skilled and experienced operators. Some typical TOFD images of discontinuities in fusion-welded joints are provided in
46、 Annex B. There is a reduced capability for the detection of discontinuities close to or connected with the scanning surface or with the opposite surface. This has to be considered especially for crack-sensitive steels or at in-service inspections. In cases where full coverage of these zones is requ
47、ired, additional measures shall be taken, e.g. TOFD can be accompanied by other NDT methods or techniques. Diffracted signals from weld discontinuities can have small amplitude responses. The grain scatter effect from coarse-grained material can hinder the detection and evaluation of such responses.
48、 This shall be taken into account whenever inspecting such material. 5 Testing levels This International Standard specifies four testing levels (A, B, C and D, see Table 1). From testing level A to testing level C an increasing reliability is achieved. Table 1 Testing levels Testing level TOFD setup
49、 Reference block for setup verification (see 8.2) Reference block for sensitivity settings (see 10.1.4) Offset scan Written test procedure A As in Table 2 No No No This International Standard B As in Table 2 No Yes No This International Standard C As in Table 2 Yes Yes aYes D As defined by specification Yes Yes aYes aThe necessity, number and position of offset scans have to be determined. If the specified acceptance level requires detection of a certain size of discontinuity at both or one surface of the weld (see Cla
