1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 15549:2010Non-destructive testing Eddy current testing General principles (ISO 15549:2008)BS EN ISO 15549:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is
2、 the UK implementation of EN ISO 15549:2010. It is identical to ISO 15549:2008. It supersedes BS EN 12084:2001, which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
3、obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 72199 1 ICS 19.100 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.Th
4、is British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2011. Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 15549 December 2010 ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN 12084:2001English Versio
5、n Non-destructive testing - Eddy current testing - General principles (ISO 15549:2008) Essais non destructifs - Contrle par courants de Foucault -Principes gnraux (ISO 15549:2008) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung - Wirbelstromprfung - Allgemeine Grundlagen (ISO 15549:2008) This European Standard was approved
6、by CEN on 28 November 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national st
7、andards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and
8、 notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lit
9、huania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010
10、 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 15549:2010: EBS EN ISO 15549:2010 EN ISO 15549:2010 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 15549:2008 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” of the
11、 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 15549:2010 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
12、an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be hel
13、d responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12084:2001. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
14、Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of IS
15、O 15549:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 15549:2010 without any modification. BS EN ISO 15549:2010ISO 15549:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 14 General principles . 15 Qualification of personnel . 26 Purpose of exa
16、mination and products to be tested . 27 Measurement techniques 28 Equipment 39 Preparation of equipment . 410 Verification of equipment 411 Preparation of the product to be tested . 512 Examination . 513 Documentation . 6BS EN ISO 15549:2010ISO 15549:2008(E)iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForewordISO
17、 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical commi
18、ttee has beenestablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental andnon-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechni
19、cal standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodi
20、es for voting. Publication as anInternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or
21、all such patent rights.ISO 15549 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 4,Eddy current methods.BS EN ISO 15549:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15549:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Non-destructive testing Eddy current testing General principles1
22、ScopeThis International Standard defines the general principles to be applied to non-destructive eddy currentexamination of products and materials in order to ensure defined and repeatable performance.It includes guidelines for the preparation of application documents which describe the specific req
23、uirements forthe application of the eddy current method to a particular type of product.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
24、the referenced document(including any amendments) applies.ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of personnelISO 12718, Non-destructive testing Eddy current testing Terminology3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO
25、12718 apply.4 General principlesThe eddy current examination is based upon the induction of an electric current in a conducting material. Thequantity measured and analysed is related to the distribution of the induced currents. For alternating excitation,it is represented by a vector in the complex
26、plane.The distribution of eddy currents in a material according to depth is governed by physical laws, the density of thecurrents decreasing drastically with increasing depth. For high-frequency excitation, this decrease is anexponential function of depth.The following properties, alone or in combin
27、ation, of the product to be tested influence the measured quantity: the conductivity of the material; the magnetic permeability of the material; the size and geometry of the product to be tested; the geometrical relationship between the eddy current probe and the product to be tested.More detailed i
28、nformation is obtained when the measured quantity is displayed in the complex plane.BS EN ISO 15549:2010ISO 15549:2008(E)2 ISO 2008 All rights reservedThe following characteristics of the method represent advantages: the method does not involve any physical contact with the product; it does not need
29、 a coupling medium such as water; high throughput speeds can be used.5 Qualification of personnelIt is assumed that the eddy current testing will be performed by qualified and capable personnel. In order toensure that this is the case, it is recommended that personnel be certified in accordance with
30、 ISO 9712 orequivalent.6 Purpose of examination and products to be testedThe purpose of the examination can be one or more of the following: to reveal discontinuities in the product which could affect its fitness for purpose; to measure the thickness of coatings or layers; to measure other geometric
31、 characteristics; to measure metallurgical or mechanical properties of the product; to measure the conductivity and/or permeability of the product; to sort products on the basis of any of the above-mentioned properties.Examples of products to be tested are conducting materials such as: tubes, profil
32、es, bars or wire rods; components in the automotive and machining industries; forged or cast products; multi-layer components in the aircraft industry.Examples of the application of the method include: on-line testing in rolling mills, finishing lines or drawing lines; in-service inspection of heat-
33、exchanger tubing; verification of the properties of mass-produced articles and semi-finished products; maintenance inspection of aircraft; inspection of the surfaces of cylindrical holes formed in products.7 Measurement techniquesMeasurements can be static or dynamic, the latter requiring relative m
34、ovement between the probe and theproduct to be tested.Scanning of the product to be tested can be performed manually or by the use of mechanized equipment whichprecisely controls the scan path.Commonly used measurement techniques are:a) Absolute measurement.The measurement of the deviation from a fi
35、xed reference point. The reference point is defined by acalibration procedure and can be generated by a reference voltage or coil. This technique can be used forBS EN ISO 15549:2010ISO 15549:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3sorting a product into classes based on physical properties (such as ha
36、rdness), dimensions or chemicalcomposition. It can also be used for the identification of continuous or gradually changing discontinuities.b) Comparative measurement.The subtraction of two measurements, one of which is taken as a reference. This technique is normally usedto sort a product into class
37、es.c) Differential measurement.The subtraction of two measurements made at a constant distance between the measurement locationsand on the same scan path. This measurement technique reduces the background noise due to slowvariations in the product to be tested.d) Double differential measurement. The
38、 subtraction of two differential measurements. This measurement technique provides high-pass filteringof a differential measurement independent of the relative speed between the probe and the product to betested.e) Pseudo-differential measurements.The subtraction of two measurements made at a consta
39、nt distance between the measurement locations.8 Equipment8.1 Examination systemThe examination employs an eddy current instrument, one or more probes and interconnecting cabling. Thiscombination, together with any mechanical equipment and peripheral units for data storage, etc., forms theexamination
40、 system.All essential parts of the system shall be defined in the relevant application document (see 13.2) or in a writtenprocedure agreed at the time of enquiry and order.Factors to be considered include: the type of material from which the product was manufactured, and its metallurgical condition;
41、 the shape, dimensions and surface condition of the product; the purpose of the measurement, e.g. detection of cracks or determination of thickness; the types of discontinuity to be revealed, and their position and orientation; the environmental conditions under which the examination is to be perfor
42、med.8.2 Eddy current instrumentThe choice of eddy current instrument depends on the purpose of the examination. Of particular importance arethe adjustable parameters of the instrument, the range of such parameters and the form of the signal display.The instrument parameters which are relevant to the
43、 examination shall be described in the applicationdocument and characterized in accordance with applicable standards.8.3 ProbeThe choice of probe depends on the purpose of the examination.The probe parameters which are relevant to the examination shall be described in the application document andcha
44、racterized in accordance with applicable standards.BS EN ISO 15549:2010ISO 15549:2008(E)4 ISO 2008 All rights reserved8.4 Reference test piecesAn eddy current examination requires the use of reference test pieces. Such test pieces contain known featureswhich can be used to set up the examination sys
45、tem, to make functional checks, to verify the capability of theexamination system and to provide calibration curves.Normally, the reference test piece shall be of the same material and in the same finished state as the product tobe tested.The equivalence of any alternative procedure shall be demonst
46、rated.The features can take the form of: holes or notches with specified dimensions; natural or induced defects with known characteristics, e.g. cracks induced by fatigue cycling; a range of known coating thicknesses; a range of known material properties.The measurable characteristics of the feature
47、s and the reference test pieces shall not change significantly withtime.9 Preparation of equipment9.1 Instrument settingsInstrument settings are derived from knowledge of the purpose of the examination and the product to be tested.Some settings, e.g. filtering, phase and sensitivity, can be derived
48、from the use of the reference test pieces.9.2 Probe settingsThe way in which the probe is mounted, centred and guided influence the effectiveness of the examination.Changes in the probe clearance influence the sensitivity of the examination.A signal dependent on changes in the probe clearance can be
49、 used for dynamic control of the sensitivity.Where the examination is mechanized, the speed of the probe over the surface being examined and the scanpath shall be maintained throughout the examination within tolerance limits to be specified in the examinationprocedure.10 Verification of equipment10.1 Verification intervalsThe performance of the examination system shall be verified at specified intervals both on site and in thelaboratory. The verification shall be in accordance with applicable s
