1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Geographic information - Cross-domain vocabulariesBS EN ISO 19146:2018National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 19146:2018. It is identical to ISO 19146:2018. It supersedes BS EN ISO 1914
2、6:2010, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/36, Geographic information.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary prov
3、isions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 95705 5ICS 35.240.70Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was publish
4、ed under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 19146:2018EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 19146June 2018ICS 35.240.70 Supersedes EN ISO 19146:2010EURO
5、PEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2018 CEN Ref. No. EN ISO 19146:2018: EAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national MembersGeog
6、raphic information - Cross-domain vocabularies (ISO 19146:2018)Information gographique - Vocabulaires interdomaines (ISO 19146:2018)Geoinformation - Themenbergreifendes Vokabular (ISO 19146:2018)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 June 2018.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/C
7、ENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centr
8、e or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the o
9、fficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherland
10、s, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.English VersionEN ISO 19146:2018 (E)European forewordThis document (EN ISO 19146:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic information/Geomatics“ in col
11、laboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2018, and conflicting natio
12、nal standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2018.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.This document supersedes EN ISO 19146:
13、2010.According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France
14、, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 19146:2018 has been approved by CEN as EN
15、 ISO 19146:2018 without any modification.iiBS EN ISO 19146:2018ISO 19146:2018Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 13.1 Terms and definitions . 13.2 Abbreviated terms . 63.3 Conceptual schema notation . 64 Conformance . 64.1 Conformanc
16、e class overview 64.2 Vocabulary cross-mapping methodology conformance class 74.3 Vocabulary cross-map registers conformance class . 75 Principles for cross-mapping of vocabularies . 76 Vocabulary cross-mapping methodology . 96.1 Introduction 96.2 Governance framework stage 96.3 Reference vocabulary
17、 stage 106.4 Cross-mapping stage . 116.4.1 Overview 116.4.2 Identification of candidate vocabulary entries .116.4.3 Term comparison .116.4.4 Domain specification .126.4.5 Concept comparison 136.5 Documentation and publication stage . 137 Cross-map register 137.1 Overview . 137.2 Register management
18、147.2.1 Register stakeholder general requirements 147.2.2 Register owner .147.2.3 Register manager .147.2.4 Submitting organizations or communities .147.2.5 Management of registers . 157.3 Register schema 157.3.1 Introduction 157.3.2 Packages . 157.3.3 Vocabulary cross-map register schema 157.3.4 Cr
19、ossMapRegister class. 167.3.5 CrossMapRegisterItem class . 197.3.6 ReferenceVocabularyEntry class . 247.3.7 OperatingVocabularyEntry class . 267.3.8 CrossMapAddition class . 277.3.9 CrossMapAmendment class 297.3.10 CrossMapClarification class 307.3.11 CrossMapSubregisterDescription class .317.3.12 T
20、ermRelationship enumeration .347.3.13 ConceptRelationship enumeration .35Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .36Annex B (informative) Terminology and domains 39Annex C (informative) Cross-mapping examples43Annex D (informative) Backward compatibility 48 ISO 2018 All rights reserved iiiContents P
21、ageBS EN ISO 19146:2018ISO 19146:2018Bibliography .54iv ISO 2018 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 19146:2018ISO 19146:2018ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Stand
22、ards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also ta
23、ke part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In pa
24、rticular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
25、 this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see
26、www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as i
27、nformation about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.This second edition cancels an
28、d replaces the first edition of ISO 19146:2010 which has been technically revised.The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows: the principles for the cross-mapping of vocabularies have been revised; the vocabulary cross-mapping methodology has been reformatted into requirements
29、and conformance classes; the conceptual schema has been revised to harmonize with other ISO/TC 211 standards; the conceptual schema has been expanded to include the package Term Cross Map which specifies the classes for registering and managing terminological entries and their cross-mapping. ISO 201
30、8 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 19146:2018ISO 19146:2018IntroductionThe development of information products frequently requires the acquisition and combination of multiple datasets from different data suppliers. The manner in which the data is combined depends on the nature of the business need und
31、er consideration and may vary from the simple assembly of thematic representations through to sophisticated integration, analysis and rendering. In every case, the data suppliers and processors need to share a common understanding of the datas characteristics to ensure their appropriate interpretati
32、on and use. The more complex or automated the processing becomes, the more necessary it is for this understanding to be unambiguous.A challenge that arises when combining disparate datasets stems from differing terminology conventions adopted by the contributing suppliers. Frequently, a dataset will
33、 originate from a community of professionals that provide support to a particular industry (for example, road transport). The terminology used to describe the content, relationships and behaviour of the data reflects the industrys alignment of concepts with its specialist culture, conventions and pr
34、actices. A particular concept, therefore, may be identified by different terms depending on the industry context in which it is used.The capacity to combine data that have been sourced from different professional communities is dependent upon a common comprehension of the terms and concepts used to
35、describe the business meaning of the data. The availability of cross-mapping that reconciles the semantic differences between the communities vocabularies is therefore required.This document establishes a methodology for cross-mapping between vocabularies. It is principally intended for use by geosp
36、atial communities but may have wider application.It is not the objective of this document to define an ontology or taxonomy; its purpose is to provide rules for ensuring consistency when implementing cross-mapping processes. The rules, however, have been developed with regard to taxonomic and ontolo
37、gical concepts and with a view to enabling semantic interoperability. Their application to vocabulary cross-mapping, therefore, can be expected to provide input to any future ontology or taxonomy initiatives.This document applies the provisions of ISO 19135-1:2015 to the registration of geospatial c
38、oncepts. It also adopts terms and concepts that are taken from UML and terminology theory and practice.vi ISO 2018 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 19146:2018Geographic information - Cross-domain vocabularies1 ScopeThis document establishes a methodology for cross-mapping vocabularies. It also specifies
39、 an implementation of ISO 19135-1:2015 for the purpose of registering cross-mapped vocabulary entries.Methodologies for the development of ontologies and taxonomies that relate to geographic information and geomatics are not within the scope of this document.2 Normative referencesThe following docum
40、ents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 19103:2015, G
41、eographic information Conceptual schema languageISO 19104:2016, Geographic information TerminologyISO 19115-1:2014, Geographic information Metadata Part 1: FundamentalsISO 19135-1:2015, Geographic information Procedures for item registration Part 1: Fundamentals3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated t
42、erms3.1 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: avai
43、lable at http:/www.iso.org/obp3.1.1associative concept systemconcept system (3.1.5) based on associative relations (3.1.2)3.1.2associative relationpragmatic relationrelation between two concepts (3.1.4) having a non-hierarchical thematic connection by virtue of experienceNote 1 to entry: An associat
44、ive relation exists between the concepts education and teaching, baking and oven.SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.233.1.3characteristicabstraction of a property of an object or of a set of objectsNote 1 to entry: Characteristics are used for describing concepts (3.1.4).INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19146:2
45、018 ISO 2018 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 19146:2018ISO 19146:2018SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.43.1.4conceptunit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics (3.1.3)Note 1 to entry: Concepts are not necessarily bound to particular languages. They are, however, influenced by the
46、social or cultural background which often leads to different categorizations.SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.13.1.5concept systemsystem of conceptsset of concepts (3.1.4) structured according to the relations among themSOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.113.1.6cross-map entrypart of a cross-mapping (3.1.8) d
47、ata collection which documents the cross-mapped relationships between two concepts (3.1.4)3.1.7cross-map registerregister of cross-map entries (3.1.6)Note 1 to entry: A cross-map register may be realized as a subregister in a hierarchical register. In such cases, the term (3.1.28) “cross-map subregi
48、ster“ may be used.3.1.8cross-mappingcomparison of terminological entries (3.1.31) from different domains (3.1.12) to determine their semantic relationship3.1.9definitionrepresentation of a concept (3.1.4) by a descriptive statement which serves to differentiate it from related conceptsSOURCE: ISO 10
49、87-1:2000, 3.3.13.1.10delimiting characteristicessential characteristic (3.1.14) used for distinguishing a concept (3.1.4) from related conceptsNote 1 to entry: The delimiting characteristic support for the back may be used for distinguishing the concepts stool and chair.SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.73.1.11designationdesignatorrepresentation of a concept (3.1.4) by a sign which denotes itNote 1 to entry: In terminology work three types of designations are distinguished: symbols, appellations and terms (3.1.28).SOURCE
