1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 19258:2011Soil quality Guidance on the determination of background valuesICS 13.080.99g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g5
2、5g3g47g36g58National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 19258:2011. It is identical to ISO 19258:2005. It supersedes BS ISO 19258:2005, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizat
3、ions represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.B
4、S EN ISO 19258:2011This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 23 January 2006 BSI 2011Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 August 2011 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 19258:2005 as BS EN ISO 19258:2011ISBN 978
5、 0 580 73157 0EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 19258 June 2011 ICS 13.080.99 English Version Soil quality - Guidance on the determination of background values (ISO 19258:2005) Qualit du sol - Guide pour la dtermination des valeurs de bruit de fond (ISO 19258:2005) Bodenbescha
6、ffenheit - Leitfaden zur Bestimmung von Hintergrundwerten (ISO 19258:2005) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 June 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national s
7、tandard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version i
8、n any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
9、Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPE
10、N DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 19258:2011: EForeword The text of ISO 19258:2005 has been prepared by T
11、echnical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 19258:2011 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the statu
12、s of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the su
13、bject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
14、Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement no
15、tice The text of ISO 19258:2005 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 19258:2011 without any modification. BS EN ISO 19258:2011EN ISO 19258:2011 (E)ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 General. 3 5 Procedures 3 5.1 General. 3 5.2 Objectiv
16、es and technical approaches 4 5.2.1 General. 4 5.2.2 Substances and parameters 4 5.2.3 Study area 6 5.2.4 Time period 7 5.2.5 Scale of sampling (Support) 7 5.3 Evaluation of existing data 7 5.3.1 General. 7 5.3.2 Completeness of data sets/minimum requirements . 8 5.3.3 Comparability of data (Samplin
17、g, nomenclatures, analyses) 8 5.3.4 Elimination of outliers 9 5.4 Collection of new data 9 5.4.1 Sampling 9 5.4.2 Soil analysis 12 5.5 Data processing and presentation 13 5.5.1 Statistical evaluation of data . 13 5.5.2 Data presentation and reporting . 14 6 Data handling/quality control 15 Annex A (
18、informative) Scale of sampling. 17 Annex B (informative) Outlier tests 19 Bibliography . 23 BS EN ISO 19258:2011EN ISO 19258:2011 (E)iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing
19、International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaiso
20、n with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of tec
21、hnical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is dra
22、wn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19258 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 7, Soil and site assessment.
23、BS EN ISO 19258:2011EN ISO 19258:2011 (E)1Soil quality Guidance on the determination of background values 1 Scope This International Standard provides guidance on the principles and main methods for the determination of pedo-geochemical background values and background values for inorganic and organ
24、ic substances in soils. This International Standard gives guidance on strategies for sampling and data processing and identifies methods for sampling and analysis. This International Standard does not give guidance on the determination of background values for groundwater and sediments. 2 Normative
25、references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 10381-1, Soil quality Sampling Par
26、t 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes ISO 10381-5, Soil quality Sampling Part 5: Guidance on the procedure for the investigation of urban and industrial sites with regard to soil contamination ISO 11074:2005, Soil quality Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this docum
27、ent, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11074 and the following apply. 3.1 background content content of a substance in a soil resulting from both natural geological and pedological processes and including diffuse source inputs 3.2 background value statistical characteristic (3.8) of the backgro
28、und content 3.3 contaminant substance or agent present in the soil as a result of human activity NOTE There is no assumption in this definition that harm results from the presence of the contaminant. BS EN ISO 19258:2011EN ISO 19258:2011 (E)2 3.4 diffuse source input input of a substance emitted fro
29、m moving sources, from sources with a large area or from many sources NOTE 1 The sources can be cars, application of substances through agricultural practices, emissions from town or region, deposition through flooding of a river. NOTE 2 Diffuse source input usually leads to sites that are relativel
30、y uniformly contaminated. At some sites, the input conditions may nevertheless cause a higher local input such as near the source or where atmospheric deposition/rain is increased. ISO 11074:2005 3.5 pedo-geochemical content content of a substance in a soil resulting from natural geological and pedo
31、logical processes, excluding any addition of human origin NOTE It may be hardly possible to determine the precise pedo-geochemical content of certain substances in a soil due to anthropogenic diffuse contamination. 3.6 pedo-geochemical background value statistical characteristic (3.8) of the pedo-ge
32、ochemical content NOTE Any estimate of pedo-geochemical background value will be prone to a certain amount of error given the uncertainty associated with determining the pedo-geochemical content. 3.7 soil upper layer of the Earths crust composed of mineral parts, organic substance, water, air and li
33、ving organisms ISO 11074:2005 3.8 statistical characteristic numerical value calculated from a variate of a chosen parameter of the population EXAMPLE Examples of the statistical characteristics are the mean, the median, the standard deviation or the percentiles of the ordered frequency distribution
34、. 3.9 study area three-dimensional definition of the area where samples are to be obtained from and thus for which the background value(s) are to be estimated 3.10 support size, shape and orientation of a soil sample NOTE For the purpose of analysing spatial variation in soils geostatistically (by e
35、stimation of the variogram of a soil property), the support should be the same at each sampling site. 3.11 variate set of observed values of a variable EXAMPLE A variate could for instance be the series of numbers of the concentration of a substance in soil or numerous, individual soil samples. BS E
36、N ISO 19258:2011EN ISO 19258:2011 (E)34 General Soils retain the evidence of their past history including impacts due to natural events or human activities. Chemical impacts related to human activities can be detected in soils all over the world, even in regions far from any source of contamination.
37、 For this reason, the background contents of inorganic and organic substances in soils consist of a pedo-geochemical fraction and an anthropogenic fraction. The ratio of these fractions varies widely depending on the type of substances, the type of soil and land use, and the kind and extent of exter
38、nal impacts. For many inorganic substances, the background content of unpolluted soils is dominated by the pedo-geochemical content and consequently by the mineralogical composition of the soils parent material. Pedogenetic processes may lead to a redistribution (enrichment/impoverishment) and conse
39、quently to a horizon-specific differentiation of the substances within a soil profile. Persistent organic substances in soils originate more often from non-natural sources and therefore the background content of soils is governed by the kind and extent of diffuse contamination from non-soil sources.
40、 In practice, it is often difficult to distinguish clearly between the pedo-geochemical and the anthropogenic fraction of the background content of soils. Nonetheless, a detailed knowledge of the background content as well as of its natural fraction for the substances of concern is essential both fo
41、r any evaluation of the current status of soils for environmental or land use related aspects or just for scientific purposes within the scope of pedology or geochemistry. To this end, so-called background values in terms of the statistical characteristics of both, the pedo-geochemical and the anthr
42、opogenic fraction have to be determined. A variety of different objectives can be identified for the determination of background values of inorganic and/or organic substances in soils. The objectives themselves provide insufficient information to define the technical programme that will produce the
43、desired background values. Thus a number of technical approaches have to be defined which together form the basis of the technical programme. This guidance provides essential aspects of sampling strategies and procedures, minimum requirements regarding the necessary steps and ways of sample pre-trea
44、tment, analytical methods and statistical evaluation procedures for determining sound and comparable background values. Guidance is given for a) evaluating existing data from different data sources and b) setting up complete investigation programs aiming to compile background values for a clearly de
45、fined three-dimensional picture of the soil. These situations are representing the two extreme starting positions for the process of compiling background values. In practice, a third intermediate situation may be dealt with when additional data need to be collected because the quantity or quality of
46、 the existing data is insufficient. 5 Procedures 5.1 General The procedures to determine background values encompass aspects of sampling (strategy, procedure), soil analysis (pre-treatment, extraction and measurement), data processing and presentation. In general, two starting positions can be disti
47、nguished, namely a) the evaluation of existing data mostly from different data sources, and b) the collection of new data based on an appropriate investigation strategy. BS EN ISO 19258:2011EN ISO 19258:2011 (E)4 5.2 Objectives and technical approaches 5.2.1 General Before commencing any survey on b
48、ackground values in soils it is of crucial importance to define the objective of the survey and the related technical approach. The objective is, in general terms, the definition of why background values are to be determined. The technical approaches describe aspects like the where, what, how and wh
49、en. Together the technical approaches determine the technical programme that will provide the required background values. NOTE It should be noted that a technical approach that is fit for one objective, will often be unfit for other objectives. The objectives for defining background values might be: to identify the current contents of substances in soils, e.g. in the context of soil-related directives; to assess the degree of contamination by human activities; to derive reference values for soil protection; to define soil values for reuse of so
