1、Designation: C1505 01 (Reapproved 2007)C1505 15Standard Test Method forDetermination of Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tiles andModulus of Rupture of Ceramic Tiles and Glass Tiles byThree-Point Loading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1505; the number immediately following the desi
2、gnation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the de
3、termination of breaking strength of ceramic tiles and modulus of rupture of ceramic tiles andglass tiles by three-point loading.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for
4、 information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of re
5、gulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products3. Terminology3.1 For the definitions of terms used on this test method, refer to Terminology C242.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of determin
6、ing the breaking strength of ceramic tiles and modulus of rupture of ceramic tiles andglass tiles using a three-point loading method. The tiles are supported on two cylindrical support rods positioned to provide anappropriate span. A load is applied at a uniform rate using a third central cylindrica
7、l rod positioned at the midpoint between thesupport rods. The breaking strength is calculated by multiplying and modulus of rupture are calculated using the load at which thetile breaks by the ratio of the span between support rods divided by the width of the specimen.tile failure is observed, thedi
8、mensions of the tile specimen, and the span between the support rods. Optionally, the deflection at which the tile failure isobserved may be reported.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for determining the breaking strength of ceramic tiles and modulus of rupture of ceramic tiles
9、and glass tiles for compliance with requirements that may appear in specifications.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing Machine, capable of loading at a uniform rate sufficient to increase the stress in the specimen at a rate of 1 6 0.2N/mm2 (145629 psi) per second.At minimum, the testing machine shall record lo
10、ading data at the point at which specimen failureis observed. Optionally, the testing machine may record deflection data. The rod support table of the testing machine shall beindexedadjustable such that the cylindrical support rods are positioned at 4 mm increments. can accommodate a variety ofspeci
11、men sizes.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.06on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved May 1, 2007Dec. 1, 2015. Published May 2007January 2016. Originally approved in 2001.
12、 Last previous edition approved in 20012007 asC1505C1505 01 (2007).01 DOI: 10.1520/C1505-01R07.10.1520/C1505-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the s
13、tandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accur
14、ately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Stat
15、es16.2 Cylindrical Support Rods, 2, of length, w, with a steel core of diameter, d, and a rubber bearing surface of 55 6 3 ShoreAdurometer hardness and thickness, t (see Table 1). One rod shall be permitted to pivot slightly relative to its length and the othershall be permitted to rotate slightly r
16、elative to its axis (see Fig. 1).6.3 Central Cylindrical Rod, of length, w, with a steel core of diameter, d, and a rubber bearing surface of 55 6 3 Shore Adurometer hardness and thickness, t. The rod shall be permitted to pivot slightly relative to its axis.7. Sampling7.1 The test sample shall cons
17、ist of ten whole tiles, selected at random from the lot to be tested. Tiles too large to be tested wholemay be cut; however, the cut specimens shall be square and as large as possible, though not larger than the rod length. Thecenterpoint of the cut specimen shall coincide with the original centerpo
18、int of the whole tile.8. Procedure8.1 Position the cylindrical support rods (6.2) on the rod support plate (6.2) with an appropriate span, L, to the nearest 4 mmso that the specimens will overhang each support rod by length, l (see Table 1). Place each specimen face up up, unless otherwisespecified,
19、 on the support rods. In the case of reversible tile, such as unglazed ceramic mosaic tile, it is immaterial which side ofthe specimen is up. If applicable, position each specimen so that the longer side or the directional back-pattern is at right anglesto the supports. In the case were both conditi
20、ons exist, the orientation of the longer side shall take precedence.8.2 Position the central cylindrical rod (6.3) on the face of the specimen at the midpoint between the support rods. Load thespecimen with the central rod at a uniform rate sufficient to increase the stress in the specimen at a rate
21、 of 1 6 0.2 N/mm2 (1456 29 psi) per second. The load rate in N/s can be determined by the following equation:r 52bh2/3L (1)where:r = load rate, in N/s,b = the width of the specimen, in mm,h = the minimum thickness of the specimen, in mm, andL = the span between the cylindrical support rods, in mm.Re
22、cord the load at which the specimen breaks into two or more pieces.8.3 Record the load at which specimen failure is observed. Failure is defined as the specimen breaking into two or more piecesor when a reduction in load of 5% or greater is observed for the first time.8.4 OptionalRecord the deflecti
23、on, in mm, at which specimen failure is observed.8.5 Repeat the procedure until all specimens in the sample have been broken.tested.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the breaking strength of each specimen using the following equation:B 5PL/b (2)where:B = breaking strength, in N,P = load at which the speci
24、men broke, in N,TABLE 1 Length of Rod, Diameter of Core, Thickness of Rubber,and Overhang (See Fig. 2)MinimumDimension(mm)Length ofRod, w(mm)Diameter ofCore, d(mm)Thickness ofRubber, t (mm)Length ofOverhang, l(mm)$95 560 20 5 1 #8 but 400TABLE 1 Length of Rod, Diameter of Core, Thickness of Rubber,a
25、nd Overhang (See Fig. 2)MinimumDimension(mm)Length ofRod, w(mm)Diameter ofCore, d(mm)Thickness ofRubber, t (mm)Length ofOverhang, l(mm)$95 560 20 5 1 10 595 but $52 130 10 2.5 0.5 5 252 but $18 60 5 1 0.2 2 1C1505 152P = load at which specimen failure is observed, in N,L = the span between the cylin
26、drical support rods, in mm, andb = the width of the specimen, in mm.9.2 Calculate the modulus of rupture of each specimen using the following equation:R 53B2h2 (3)where:R = modulus of rupture, in N/mm2,B = breaking strength, in N, andh = the minimum thickness of the test specimen, in mm.9.3 Calculat
27、e the average breaking strength of the acceptable results. Only the results of specimens that break at the midpointbetween the support rods, plus or minus the radius of the central cylindrical rod are acceptable. A minimum of five acceptableresults is necessary to calculate the average breaking stre
28、ngth. If there are fewer than five acceptable results, a second sample oftwice the minimum number of specimens shall be tested; a minimum of ten acceptable results will be necessary to calculate theaverage breaking strength.and modulus of rupture.10. Report10.1 The test report shall include the foll
29、owing information:10.1.1 A description of the tiles;10.1.2 The number of specimens;FIG. 1 Rotation and Pivot of Cylindrical RodsFIG. 2 Position of Cylindrical RodsC1505 15310.1.3 The values of w,d,t,l,L,b, and h ;10.1.4 The load, P, at which each specimen broke;failure is observed on each specimen;1
30、0.1.5 The breaking strength of and modulus of rupture and modulus of rupture of each specimen;10.1.6 The average breaking strength of the acceptable results.and modulus of rupture of all specimens.10.1.7 OptionalThe deflection at which failure is observed each specimen.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Pre
31、cision3The precision of the procedure in this Test Method for determining breaking strength of ceramic tile bythree-point loading is being determined and will be available on or before November 2002. It is not feasible to specify the precisionof the A study has been conducted to provide an estimate
32、of the repeatability standard deviation of this test method using a singlelaboratory with a single operator.The referenced study involved test conditions of three different types of tile: 12 x 12-in. porcelain,4 x 8-in. quarry, and 4 x 4-in wall tile. Three replicate tests were conducted for each co
33、ndition, with the results asfollows:procedure at this time because the interlaboratory study has not been completed.11.2 No information can be presented on the bias of the procedure in this test method for determining breaking strength ofceramic tile and modulus of rupture of ceramic tile and glass
34、tile by three-point loading because the interlaboratory study has notbeen completed.no material having an accepted reference value is available.12. Keywords12.1 breaking strength; ceramic tiletile; glass tile; modulus of ruptureASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any pate
35、nt rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision
36、at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your commen
37、ts will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted
38、by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mai
39、l); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ An interlaboratory study of this method including large format tile and glass tile is
40、being conducted and a complete precision statement is expected to be available onor before December 2016.TestConditionAverageBreakingStrength,B (N)RepeatabilityStandardDeviationfor BAverageMOR, R(N/mm2)RepeatabilityStandardDeviationfor RPorcelain Tile 2144 79.0 48 1.8Glazed Wall Tile 988 37.7 32 1.2Quarry Tile 2440 36.6 26 0.4C1505 154
