1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Petroleum and related products Determination of the extreme-pressure and anti-wear properties of lubricants Four-ball method (European conditions) (ISO 20623:2017)BS EN ISO 20623:2018National forewordThis British Standa
2、rd is the UK implementation of EN ISO 20623:2018. It is identical to ISO 20623:2017. It supersedes BS EN ISO 20623:2003, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/13, Petroleum Testing and Terminology.A list of organizations represented on th
3、is committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 95182 4ICS
4、 75.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO
5、 20623:2018EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 20623January 2018ICS 75.100 Supersedes EN ISO 20623:2003EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2018 CEN Ref. No
6、. EN ISO 20623:2018: EAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national MembersPetroleum and related products - Determination of the extreme-pressure and anti-wear properties of lubricants - Four-ball method (European conditions) (ISO 20623:2017)Ptrole et pr
7、oduits connexes - Dtermination des proprits extrme pression et anti-usure des lubrifiants - Essai quatre billes (conditions Europennes) (ISO 20623:2017)Minerallerzeugnisse und verwandte Produkte Bestimmung der EP-Eigenschaften und Verschleikennwerte von Schmierstoffen Verfahren mit dem Vierkugel-App
8、arat (Europische Bedingungen) (ISO 20623:2017)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 December 2017.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterat
9、ion. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
10、 translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, F
11、inland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.English VersionEN ISO 2062
12、3:2018 (E)European forewordThis document (EN ISO 20623:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28 “Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and relat
13、ed products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2018, and conflicting national standards sha
14、ll be withdrawn at the latest by July 2018.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.This document supersedes EN ISO 20623:2003.This document ha
15、s been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria
16、, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
17、, Turkey and the United Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 20623:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 20623:2018 without any modification.2BS EN ISO 20623:2018ISO 20623:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Cleaning sol
18、vents 26 Apparatus . 27 Samples and sampling 58 Preparation of apparatus 59 General procedure 510 Test procedures . 710.1 Test A Load-Wear Index (LWI) . 710.2 Test B Wear-load curve, welding load, and initial seizure load . 710.3 Test C Wear test . 811 Calculations 911.1 General . 911.2 Test A Load
19、wear index. 911.3 Test B Wear-load curve, initial seizure load 1011.4 Test C Wear test 1012 Expression of results .1113 Precision 1113.1 General 1113.2 Repeatability 1113.3 Reproducibility 1114 Test report 11Annex A (normative) Test ball specifications .13Annex B (normative) Mean Hertz Load data she
20、et .14Bibliography .16 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 20623:2018ISO 20623:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is norma
21、lly carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in th
22、e work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the
23、 different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this docume
24、nt may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/
25、patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information a
26、bout ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants from natural or synthe
27、tic sources.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 20623:2003), which has been technically revised.The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows: this document has been extended to all types of liquid lubricants and greases, whereas previously it applied o
28、nly to fire-resistant hydraulic fluids; the procedures have been technically revised but the essentials remain the same; the test balls have been better specified (see Annex A) and calculations for the wear test have been included; the calibration procedure of the friction recorder springs has been
29、deleted and reference is now made to the manufacturers instructions.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 20623:2018ISO 20623:2017(E)IntroductionThe four-ball machine is widespread and commonly used to assess the anti-wear properties of all types of liquid lubricants, lubricating greases and othe
30、r consistent lubricants.An electrical motor, the rotational speed of which depends on the frequency of the current, actuates the four-ball machine. So, depending on the country where the machines are used, the results obtained cannot be compared.ASTM has standardized several procedures with these me
31、thods, based on the use of the four-ball machine: ASTM D2266; ASTM D4172; ASTM D2596; ASTM D2783.The Energy Institute has standardized IP 239.DIN has standardized DIN 51350, divided into five parts: Part 1: General working principles; Part 2: Determination of the welding load of liquid lubricants; P
32、art 3: Determination of the wearing characteristics of liquid lubricants; Part 4: Determination of the welding load of consistent lubricants; Part 5: Determination of the wearing characteristics of consistent lubricants.DIN, ASTM and Energy Institute test methods stipulate different rotational speed
33、s.Table 1 summarizes the test conditions for the above standards.Table 1 Test conditions of the various four-ball standardsStandard LubricantType of testLoad (N) DurationRotational speed r/minTemperature CASTM D2266 Grease Wear 392 60 min 1 200 75ASTM D4172 Oil Wear147 (A) 392 (B)60 min 1 20075 75AS
34、TM D2596 GreaseExtreme pressure59 to 7 848 10 s 1 770 19 to 35ASTM D2783 OilExtreme pressure59 to 7 848 10 s 1 760 18 to 35IP 239 Grease oilExtreme pressure + wear60 to 7 940Wear: 60 minEP: 10 s or 60 s1 450 Not specifiedDIN 51350-2 Oil Weld load2 000 to 12 00060 s 1 450 18 to 40DIN 51350-3 Oil Wear
35、150 (A)300 (B)60 min 1 450 18 to 40DIN 51350-4Consistent lubricantWeld load2 000 to 12 00060 s 1 450 18 to 40 ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 20623:2018ISO 20623:2017(E)Standard LubricantType of testLoad (N) DurationRotational speed r/minTemperature CDIN 51350-5Consistent lubricantWear150 (C
36、)300 (D)1 000 (E)60 min60 min60 s1 450 18 to 40The lubricants properties defined by the various test methods are also different. They are defined in Table 2.Table 2 Lubricant properties evaluation by the different methodsStandard Lubricant propertyASTM D2262ASTM D4172 ASTM D2596 ASTM D2783 IP 239DIN
37、 51350-2 DIN 51350-3 DIN 51350-4 DIN 51350-5 MWSD (mm) under 392 N loadMWSD (mm) under 147 N of 392 NWL (N), LWI (N), LNSL (last non-seizure load) (N)WL (N), LWI (N)WL (N), LWI (10 s or 60 s), ISL (N), MWSD (mm) (10 s, 60 s or 60 min)WL (N)MWSD (150 N or 300 N, 60 min)WL (N)MWSD (150 N, 300 N or 1 0
38、00 N)The purpose of this document is to propose a single standard to evaluate the extreme-pressure and the anti-wear properties of all types of lubricants, with the 4-ball machine, based on a single rotational speed of 1 450 r/min.The operating procedures take into account all the features present o
39、n the machines available on the market.The lubricants properties involved are as follows:a) initial seizure load (ISL);b) weld load (WL);c) wear-load curve;d) Load-Wear Index (LWI);e) anti-wear characteristics short duration (MWSD) (10 s or 60 s) and long duration (60 min).vi ISO 2017 All rights res
40、ervedBS EN ISO 20623:2018Petroleum and related products Determination of the extreme-pressure and anti-wear properties of lubricants Four-ball method (European conditions) (ISO 20623:2017)WARNING The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does n
41、ot purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of this document, and to determine the applicability of any other r
42、estrictions.1 ScopeThis document specifies procedures for the measurement of the extreme pressure (EP) and anti-wear properties of liquid lubricants (categories C, D, F, G, H, M, P of ISO 6743-99), lubricating greases (ISO 6743-9, category X) and other consistent lubricants. The test conditions are
43、not intended to simulate particular service conditions, but to provide information over a range of standard conditions for the purpose of research, development, quality control and fluid ranking. The output is used in lubricant specifications.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referre
44、d to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3290-1, Rolling bearings Ball
45、s Part 1: Steel ballsISO 3170, Petroleum liquids Manual samplingASTM D4057, Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for u
46、se in standardization at the following addresses: ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:/www.iso.org/obp IEC Electropedia: available at https:/www.electropedia.org/3.1wearremoval of metal from the test piecesNote 1 to entry: Under conditions of low load and low friction, wear causes only
47、small circular scars on the three stationary balls and a ring on the rotating ball. The diameters of these scars are slightly larger than the diameter of the indentation due to the static load (Hertz diameter).3.2seizurelocalized fusion of metal between the rubbing surfaces of the test piecesNote 1
48、to entry: Seizure is indicated by an increase in friction and wear, and results in roughened scars and a ring on the balls.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20623:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 20623:2018ISO 20623:2017(E)3.3weldfusion of metal between the rubbing surfaces sufficient for me
49、tal to merge and the balls to weld together in the form of a pyramid3.4Load-Wear IndexLWIindex of the ability of a lubricant to minimize wear (3.1) at applied load (load-carrying property of a lubricant)Note 1 to entry: The LWI is expressed in newtons.3.5wear-load curvelogarithmic plot of the load against the mean wear scar diameter (3.7)3.6initial seizure loadISLlowest load at which seizure (3.2) occurs3.7mean wear scar diameterMWSDmean of six wear scar diameter measurements, two from each of the
