1、 ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11)European Standard (Telecommunications series) Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Short Range Devices;Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);Radar equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range;Part 1: Technical characteristics an
2、d test methods forradar equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz rangeETSI ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11) 2 Reference REN/ERM-TG31B-049-1 Keywords radar, radio, testing, SRD, RTTT, short range ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33
3、 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one el
4、ectronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive w
5、ithin ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present docu
6、ment, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Tele
7、communications Standards Institute 2006. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETS
8、I registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights5 Foreword.5 1 Scope 6 2 References 6 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .7 3.1 Definitions7 3.2 Symbols8 3.3 Abbreviations .9 4 T
9、echnical requirements specifications .9 4.1 Equipment requirements for testing purposes 9 4.1.1 Choice of model for testing 10 4.2 Mechanical and electrical design10 4.3 Auxiliary test equipment 10 4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results 10 5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperat
10、ures 10 5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions .10 5.2 External test power source11 5.3 Normal test conditions11 5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity11 5.3.2 Normal test power source .11 5.3.2.1 Mains voltage11 5.3.2.2 Other power sources11 5.4 Extreme test conditions 11 5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
11、.11 5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures11 5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges12 5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages.12 5.4.2.1 Mains voltage12 5.4.2.2 Other power sources12 6 General conditions12 6.1 Test fixture .12 6.1.1 Calibration 13 6.1.2 General requirements for RF cables and wav
12、eguides .14 6.1.3 Shielded anechoic chamber.14 7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters 15 7.1 Permitted range of operating frequencies.15 7.1.1 Definition15 7.1.2 Method of measurement .15 7.1.3 Limits16 7.2 Radiated spatial power density.16 7.2.1 Definition16 7.2.2 Method of
13、measurement .16 7.2.2.1 Equipment with a fixed beam antenna (i.e. non-steerable by either mechanical or electronic means) .16 7.2.2.2 Equipment with (electronically or mechanically) steerable antenna(s).17 7.2.3 Limits17 7.2.3.1 Equipment with fixed beam antenna.17 7.2.3.2 Equipment with (electronic
14、ally or mechanically) steerable antennas .17 7.3 Out-of-band emissions .18 7.3.1 Definitions 18 7.3.2 Measuring receiver .18 7.3.3 Method of measurement .18 ETSI ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11) 4 7.3.4 Limits19 7.4 Radiated spurious emissions.19 7.4.1 Definition19 7.4.2 Measuring receiver .19 7.4
15、.3 Method of measurement for radiated spurious emissions.19 7.4.4 Limits20 8 Receiver20 8.1 Receiver radiated spurious emissions.20 8.1.1 Definition20 8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions 20 8.1.3 Limit .21 9 Measurement uncertainty .21 Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements
16、 23 A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.23 A.1.1 Open Area Test Site (OATS) .23 A.1.2 Test antenna24 A.1.3 Standard position24 A.1.4 Indoor test site 24 A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .25 A.2.1 Measuring distance.25 A.2.2 Tes
17、t antenna25 A.2.3 Substitution antenna .26 A.2.4 Auxiliary cables26 A.3 Alternative test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber 26 A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber26 A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers.27 A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded RF
18、anechoic chamber27 Annex B (normative): General description of measurement methods29 B.1 Radiated measurements29 Annex C (informative): Examples of modulation schemes.31 C.1 Pulse modulation31 C.1.1 Definition .31 C.1.2 Typical operating parameters .31 C.2 Frequency modulated continuous wave .32 C.2
19、.1 Definition .32 C.2.2 Typical operating parameters .32 C.3 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK).33 C.3.1 Definition .33 C.3.2 Typical operating parameters .34 C.4 PN-ASK (Pseudo-Noise Amplitude Shift Keying) 77 GHz.34 C.4.1 Definition .34 C.4.2 Typical operating parameters .35 Annex D (informative): Conve
20、rsion of power density to e.i.r.p36 D.1 Assumptions.36 D.2 Example36 Annex E (informative): Bibliography.37 History 38 ETSI ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11) 5 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The informatio
21、n pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI
22、Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 31
23、4 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). For non EU count
24、ries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes. Where equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into vehicles, then it is subject to automotive EMC type approval under directive 2004/104/EC 5. For use on vehicles outside the scope of 2004/10
25、4/EC 5 another EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required. The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Radar equipment operating
26、 in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range, as identified below: Part 1: “Technical characteristics and test methods for radar equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range“; Part 2: “Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R b) receivers operating in the range from 76 GHz to 77
27、GHz. The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for automotive radar equipment fitted with integral antennas operating in the frequency range from 76 GHz to 77 GHz and references CEPT/ERC/ECC Recommendation for SRDs, CEPT/ERC/ECC Recommendation 70-03 1 and CEPT/ECC
28、Decision (02)01 2. The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. The present document covers automotive radars for mobile applications in the frequency range from 76 GHz
29、 to 77 GHz. It covers integrated transceivers and separate transmit/receive modules. The present document covers only equipment for road vehicles. There are two classes defined within the present document: Class 1 (e.g. FM, CW or FSK) and Class 2 (pulsed Doppler radar only). The difference between t
30、he two class numbers is the permitted average power level. 2 References The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version
31、number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While an
32、y hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 1 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 (2005): “Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)“. 2 CEPT/ECC/DEC(02)01: “ECC Decision of 15 March 2002 on the frequency bands to be des
33、ignated for the coordinated introduction of Road Transport and Traffic Telematic Systems“. 3 CISPR 16: “Specifications for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods“. 4 ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in
34、 the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics“. 5 Directive 2004/104/EC of 14 October 2004, adapting to technical progress Council Directive 72/245/EEC, relating to the radio interference (electromagnetic compatibility) of vehicles and amending Directive 70/156/EC on the approximation o
35、f the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers (OJL 337, 13.11.204). ETSI ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11) 7 6 ETSI TR 102 273-2: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (usi
36、ng test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber“. 7 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 01-06: “Procedure for mutual recognition of type testing and type approval for radio equipment“. 8 CEPT/ERC/Recommendation 74-01: “Unwanted emissions in the spurious doma
37、in“. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: antenna cycle: one complete sweep of a mechanically or electronically scanned antenna beam along a predefined spatial path antenna scan duty factor: rati
38、o of the area of the beam (measured at its 3 dB point) to the total area scanned by the antenna (as measured at its 3 dB point) assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as
39、 an indispensable part of the equipment average time: time interval on which a mean measurement is integrated blanking period: time period where no intentional emission occurs duty cycle: the ratio of the total on time of the “message“ to the total off-time in any one hour period dwell time: accumul
40、ated amount of transmission time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a single given frequency channel and within one channel repetition interval Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna components which affect or influen
41、ce its performance equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power density transmitted, assuming an isotropic radiator NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of “power or power density into the antenna“ and “antenna gain“. e.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average powe
42、r and peak or average power density. equivalent pulse power duration: duration of an ideal rectangular pulse which has the same content of energy compared with the pulse shape of the EUT with pulsed modulation or time gating far field measurements: measurement distance should be a minimum of 2d2/ ,
43、where d = largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT and is the operating wavelength of the EUT mean power: supplied from the antenna during an interval of time sufficiently long compared with the lowest frequency encountered in the modulation taken under normal operating conditions NOTE:
44、For pulsed systems the mean power is equal the peak envelope power multiplied by the time gating duty factor. For CW systems without further time gating the mean power is equal the transmission power without modulation. on-off gating: methods of transmission with fixed or randomly quiescent period t
45、hat is much larger than the PRF operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated NOTE: Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency. ETSI ETSI EN 301 091-1 V1.3.3 (2006-11) 8 operating frequency range: range of operating freq
46、uencies over which the equipment can be adjusted through switching or reprogramming or oscillator tuning NOTE 1: For pulsed or phase shifting systems without further carrier tuning the operating frequency range is fixed on a single carrier line. NOTE 2: For analogue or discrete frequency modulated s
47、ystems (FSK, FMCW) the operating frequency range covers the difference between minimum and maximum of all carrier frequencies on which the equipment can be adjusted. peak envelope power: mean power (round mean square for sinusoidal carrier wave type) supplied from the antenna during one radio freque
48、ncy cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions Power Spectral Density (PSD): ratio of the amount of power to the used radio measurement bandwidth NOTE: It is expressed in units of dBm/Hz or as a power in unit dBm with respect to the used bandwidth. In case
49、of measurement with a spectrum analyser the measurement bandwidth is equal to the RBW. Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently long as to cover all PRI variations Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power quiescent period: time instant where no emission occurs radiated spurious emissions: Emission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without af
