1、TR 1 O1 329 2.1.1 (1999-06) Tmhniical Report Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON); General aspects of Quality of Service (QoS) STDmETSI TR 101 329-ENGL 1999 3400855 0435529 49T m 2 ETSI TR 101 329 V2.1.1 (1999-06) Reference DTWTlPHON-05006 (cbOO1OCC.PDF) Kevw
2、ords Internet, telephony, quality Postai address F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Offce address 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis Valbonne - FRANCE Tel.: +33 492 94 42 O0 Fax: +33 493 65 47 6 Siiet No 348 623 562 O0017 - NAF 742 C Association but non iucrai enregistre ia Cous-Prfechir
3、e de Grasse (OS) No 7WW internet secretariat Oetsi.fr Individual copies of this ETSI deliverable can be downloaded from http:/iwww.etsi.org If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: editorOetsi.fr CoRvf.4uht Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by writt
4、en permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. 0 European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1999. Ali rights reserved. STD.ETS1 TR 303 329-ENGL 3999 m 3400855 0435530 LO3 m 3 ETSI TR 101 329 V2.1.1 (199406) Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5
5、 Foreword 5 1 SCO pe 6 2 References 6 3 Definitions and abbreviations 8 3.1 Definitions . 8 3.2 Abbreviations . 9 4 5 Introduction to Quality of Service Issues . 10 End-to-end Quaiity of Service . 12 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.1.1 5.3.1.2 5.3.1.3 5.3.1.4 5.3.2 5.3.2.1 5.3.2.2 5.3.2.3 5.3.2.4 5.3.2.5 5.3.
6、2.6 5.3.2.7 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.2.1 5.4.2.2 5.4.2.3 5.4.2.4 5.4.2.5 5.4.2.6 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.4.5 5.4.5.1 5.4.6 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.1.1 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 Introduction 12 Call Set-up Quality 13 Call Quality 13 End-to-end delay 13 IF? terminai buffering delay . 14 Codec delay 14 Network transmission delays 15 E
7、nd-twend Speech Quality . 15 Audio input and output devices 16 AnalogueDigital - DigiWAnalogue circuit noise . 16 Speech Coding Distortion . 16 Effect of Tandeming of Codecs 17 Effects of Bandwidth Limitation in the IP Network . 17 Planning guidelines for handling Impairment effects . 17 QoS Issues
8、Associated with each component of the TIPHON System 18 QoS Issues Associated with the IF? Terminal 18 QoS Issues Associated with the IP Access Network 18 LAN Access 19 PSTN Access 19 xDSL Access 19 ISDN Access 20 GSM Access . 20 Cable Modem. BRAN. DECT, UMTS Access . 20 QoS Issues Associated with th
9、e IP Backbone 20 QoS Issues Associated with the SCN . 21 Network echo control . 21 QoS Issues Associated with the Voice Terminal Connected to the SCN . 21 Issues Specific to each TIPHON Scenario . 22 Scenario 1 . 22 Tandeming of Speech Codecs . 22 Scenario 2 . 23 Scenario 3 . 23 Scenario 4 . 24 -T R
10、ecommendation H.323 packetizationlbuffering delays . 14 Effect of Grouping Multiple Codec Frames into a Single Packet . 16 QoS Issues Associated with the Gateway/Gatekeeper(s) 21 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 QoS Classes in TIPHON Systems 24 Definition of TIPHON QoS Classes 24 TIPHON End-to-End QoS Budg
11、ets . 25 TIPHON Terminal Device Classification 25 Class A TIPHON Terminal Devices 27 Class B TIPHON Terminal Devices 27 4 ETBI TR 101 329 V2.1 . 1 (199946) 6.3.3 Class C TIPHON Terminal Devices . 27 6.4 Network Delay Characterization 28 6.5 Using this subclause . 28 6.6 Further work 29 7 Testing of
12、TIPHON Systems . 29 7.1 Testing of Speech Quaiity 29 7.2 Testing of End-to-End Performance 30 7.2.1 Testing of End-to-End Speech Quality . 30 7.2.2 Testing of End-to-End Delay 30 7.2.3 Testing of Call Set-up Time 30 7.3 Testing of Terminals 31 7.3.1 Introduction 31 7.3.2 Measurement of TIPHON Termin
13、al Speech Quality . 31 7.3.3 Measurement of TIPHON Terminal delay . 32 7.3.3.1 Remarks on jitter buffer management . 32 7.3.3.2 Measurement 32 7.3.3.3 Measurement Recommendations 33 7.3.4 Measurement of TIPHON Terminal Peak Network Bandwidth 33 Annex A (normative): Codee comparison table ., “ u . 34
14、 Bibliography . 35 History 37 5 ETCI TR 101 329 V2.1.1 (1999-06) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-mem
15、bers, and can be found in SR o00 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, orpotentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect ofETSI standards“. which is available free of charge from the ETSI Secretanat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/www.etsi.org/ipr)
16、. Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in SR O00 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present do
17、cument. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Project Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON). 6 ETSI TR 101 329 V2.l.l (199946) 1 Scope The present document applies to iP networks that provide voice telephony in accordance with any of th
18、e TIPHON scenarios. It contains: - General information on end-to-end quality and the way in which quality is affected by various components in the TIPHON system. A definition of four classes of TIPHON Quality of Service that may be used to class TIPHON services in peering arrangements and supply con
19、tracts where different tariffs may apply to different levels of quality or where guarantees of performance may be given. These classes apply to end-to-end performance but exclude the acoustic performance of terminals. They describe only: - one-way non-interactive speech quality; - end-to-end delay;
20、- call set up time. A description of the relationship of the performance of terminals and TIPHON network to the end-to-end TIPHON Quality of Service classes. A description of how the performance of TIPHON systems, terminals and networks can be measured. - - - 2 References The following documents con
21、tain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. For a non-speci
22、fic reference, the latest version applies. A non-specific reference to an ETS shall also be taken to refer to later versions published as an EN with the same number. 111 ETR 250 (196): “Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Speech communication quality from mouth to ear for 3,l IrHz handset telephony
23、across networks“. ETR 275 (1996): “Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Considerations on transmission delay and transmission delay values for components on connections supporting speech communication over evolving digital networks“. EG 202 306 (V1.2): “Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Access netw
24、orks for residential customers“, 121 131 141 I-ETS 300 245 (parts 1 to 8): “Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN); Technical characteristics of telephony terminals“. ITU-T Recommendation E. 164 (1997): “The intemational public telecommunication numbering 151 plan“. 161 71 ITU-T Recommendation E
25、.600 (1993): “Terms and definitions of traffic engineering“. ITU-T Recommendation G. 100 (1993): “Definitions used in Recommendations on general characteristics of international telephone connections and circuits“. ETSI 7 ETSI TR 1 O1 329 V2.1.1 (1 9994) i171 i251 i261 i271 i281 i301 i311 i321 ITU-T
26、 Recommendation G.111: “Loudness ratings (LRs) in an international connection“. ITU-T Recommendation G.113 (1996): “Transmission impairments“. ITU-T Recommendation G.114 (1996): “One-way transmission time“. -T Recommendation G.121: “Loudness ratings (LRs) of national systems“. -T Recommendation G.12
27、2 (1993): “infiuence of national systems on stability and talker echo in international connections“. ITU-T Recommendation G. 13 1 (1996): “Control of talker echo“. -T Recommendation G.168 (1997): “Digital network echo cancellers“. ITU-T Recommendation G.711(1988): “Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voi
28、ce frequencies“. -T Recommendation G.723.1(1996): “Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 kbit/s“. -T Recommendation G.726 (1990): “40,32,24,16 kbitls Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM)“. m-T Recommendation G.729 (1996): “Coding of speech at
29、 8 kbit/s using conjugate-sucure algebraic-code-excited linear prediction (CS-ACELP)“. -T Recommendation H.323 (1998): “Packet-based multimedia communications systems“. lW-T Recommendation P.56 (1993): “Objective measurement of active speech level“. ITU-T Recommendation P.64: “Determination of sensi
30、tivity/frequency Characteristics of local telephone systems“. -T Recommendation P.76 “Determination of loudness ratings; fundamental principles“. ITU-T Recommendation P.79: “Calculation of loudness ratings for telephone sets“. -T Recommendation P.310 (1996): “Transmission characteristics for telepho
31、ne band (300-3 400 Hz) digital telephones“. -T Recommendation P.561(1996): %-service. non-intrusive measurement device - voice service measurements“. ITU-T Recommendation P.800 (1996): “Methods for subjective determination of transmission quaiiy “. -T Recommendation P.830 (1996): “Subjective perform
32、ance assessment of telephone-band and wideband digital codecs“. m-T Recommendation P.861(1W8): “Objective quality measurement of telephone-band (300-3 400 Hz) speech codecs“. IETF RFC 1889 (January 1996): “RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications“, H. Schulzrinne. S. Casner, R. Frederick
33、, V. Jacobson. iETF RFC 1890 “RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control“, H. Schuizrinne. IETF RFC 2205 (09/97): “Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) - Version 1 Functional Specification“. TS 101 3 12: “Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIP
34、HON); Network architecture and reference configurations; Scenario 1“. STD-ETSI TR LO1 I 8 ETSI TR 101 329 V2.l.l (1999-06) 31 EG 201 377-1: Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); Specification and measurement of speech transmission quality; Part 1: Introduction to objective compa
35、rison measurement methods for one-way speech quality across networks“. 341 ITU-T Recommendation G.728: “Coding of speech at 16 kbit/s using low-delay code excited linear prediction“. -T Recommendation G.729A. “Reduced complexity 8 kbit/s CS-ACELP speech codec“. IETF RFC 2508 (February 1999): “Compre
36、ssing IPAJDP/RTP Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links“, S. Casner, V. Jacobson. PSI 361 3 Def i n it ions and abbreviations 3.1 Def in t ions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: dBm: Power level with reference to 1 mW. dBmO At the reference frequency (1
37、 MO Hz), L dBmO represents an absolute power level of L dBm measured at the transmission reference point (O dBr point), and a level of L + x dBm measured at a point having a relative level of x dBr. See ITU-T Recommendation G.100 7, annex A.4. echo: Unwanted signal delayed to such a degree that it i
38、s perceived as distinct from the wanted signal. Taker echo: Echo produced by reflection near the listeners end of a connection, and disturbing the talker. Listener echo: Echo produced by double reflected signals and disturbing the listener. Loudness rating: As used in the G-Series Recommendations fo
39、r planning; loudness rating is an (LR) objective measure of the loudness loss, .e. a weighted. electro-acoustic loss between certain interfaces in the telephone network. If the circuit between the interfaces is subdivided into sections, the sum of the individual section LRs is equal to the total LR.
40、 in loudness rating contexts, the subscribers ate represented from a measuring point of view by an artificial mouth and an artificial ear respectively, both being accurately specified. overa loudness: Loudness loss between the speaking Subscribers mouth and the rating (OLR) listening subscribers ear
41、 via a connection. talker echo: Loudness loss of the speakers voice sound reaching his ear as a delayed loudness rating echo. See ITU-T Recommendation G.122 12, subclause 4.2 and TlW-T Recommendation G.131 13, figure 1.1 (TELR). TCLw Terminal Coupling Loss weighted: Weighted coupling loss between th
42、e receiving port and the sending port of a terminal due to acoustical coupling at the user interface, electrical coupling due to crosstalk in the handset cord or within the electrical circuits, seismic coupling through the mechanical parts of the terminal. For a digital handset it is commonly in the
43、 order of 40 dB to 46 dB. TCLwst Weightea terminal coupling loss -single talk Weighted loss between Rin and Sout network interfaces when AEC is in normal operation, and when there is no signal coming from the user. TCLwdt Weighted terminal coupling loss -double talk Weighted loss between Rin and Sou
44、t network interfaces when AEC is in normal operation, and when the local user and the far-end user talk simultaneously. SLR (from ITU-T Recommendation G.11181) Send Loudness Rating: Loudness loss between the speaking subscribers mouth and an electric interface in the network. The loudness loss is he
45、re defined as the weighted (dB) average of driving sound pressure to measured voltage. The weighted mean value for ITU-T Recommendations G.111 8 and G.121 i i is 7 to 15 in the short term, 7 to 9 in the long term. The rating methodology is described in -T Recommendations P.64 21, P.76 22 and P.79 23
46、. 9 ETSI TR 101 329 V2.1.1 (199946) RLR (from ITU-T Recommendation 6.111 8) Receive Loudness Rating: Loudness loss between an electric interface in the network and the listening subscribers ear. The loudness loss is here defined as the weighted (a) average of driving e.m.f to measured sound pressure
47、. The weighted mean value for iT-T Recommendations G.111 SI and G.121 1 i is 1 to 6 in the short term, I to 3 in the long term. The rating methodology is described in iT-T Recommendations P.64 21, P.76 22 and P.79 23. CLR Circuit loudness rating: Loudness loss between two electrical interfaces in a
48、connection or circuit, each interface terminated by its nominal impedance which may be complex. This is O for a digital circuit, 0.5 for an mixed analoguddigital circuit. TIPHON terminal: Terminal that is either dedicated (e.g. a telephone set) or general purpose (e.g. a computer running an applicat
49、ion that performs the terminal function) and that: - is intended for connection to an IP-network; - provides the functionality defined in TS 101 312 32; and - meets at least one of the TIPHON terminal quality of service classes; - defined in the present document. 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ACR ADSL ASL ATM GSM GSM HR GSM FR GSM EFR ISDN Ip ISP lWF LAN MOS PPP NIC PSTN Qos RSVP RTP SBM SCN TCP TRM UDP VDSL VOIP VTOA XDSL Abs
