1、 ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.2 (2008-03)Technical Report Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Short Range Devices (SRD);Technical characteristics for SRD equipment usingUltra Wide Band technology (UWB);Part 2: Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications;System Reference Document
2、ETSI ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.2 (2008-03) 2 Reference RTR/ERM-RM-025-2-1 Keywords radar, radio, short range, spread spectrum, SRDOC, testing, UWB ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Ass
3、ociation but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
4、 perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document sh
5、ould be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following s
6、ervices: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008. All rights rese
7、rved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.2 (2008-03)
8、3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 6 2 References 6 2.1 Normative references .6 2.2 Informative references7 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .7 3.1 Definitions7 3.2 Symbols7 3.3 Abbreviations .8 4 Executive summary 8 4.1 Status of the present document.
9、8 4.2 Market information.9 4.3 Technical system description .9 5 Current regulations.9 6 Main conclusions9 7 Expected ECC actions9 Annex A: Detailed market information .10 A.1 Range of applications .10 A.2 Market size and value.13 A.3 Traffic evaluation .14 Annex B: Technical information 15 B.1 Deta
10、iled technical description 15 B.2 Technical justification for spectrum.16 B.3 Bandwidth requirement 17 B.4 Radiation limits 17 Annex C: Expected compatibility issues 20 C.1 Coexistence issues20 C.2 Current ITU allocations20 C.3 Sharing issues.20 History 21 ETSI ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.2 (2008-03) 4 I
11、ntellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property
12、Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, includin
13、g IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been pro
14、duced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB), as identified below: Pa
15、rt 1: “Communications applications“; Part 2: “Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications; System Reference Document“. Introduction Ultra Wide Band is a new emerging SRD technology with potential benefits for security applications, consumers and businesses. There are at least three separate groups
16、of probing radar applications: - Ground Probing Radars (GPR); - Wall Probing Radars (WPR); and - Through-Wall Probing Radars (TWPR). The emphasis in the present document is clearly put on the commercial use of Ground Probing Radars and Wall Probing Radars. The market information and figures in annex
17、 A of the present document apply only to GPR and WPR. Ground Probing Radars or also named Ground Penetrating Radars, as both terms are accepted and used internationally, operate only when in contact with or within close proximity of the ground for the purpose of detecting or obtaining the images of
18、buried objects. Wall-Probing Radars or also named Wall Penetrating Radars, are designed to detect the location of objects contained within a wall. This includes examining a concrete structure, e.g. the side of a bridge or the wall of a mine. Commercial application of UWB technology for Ground Probin
19、g Radars and Wall Probing Radars are expected to operate between 30 MHz and 12,4 GHz with a very high bandwidth and a very low radiated power density. In addition, some applications for e.g. glacier sounding or usage in hydrogeology additionally use frequencies down to 1 MHz. Through-Wall Probing Ra
20、dar applications are only included in the present document as a matter of completeness. These are normally only considered for military agencies and governmental services usage. Through-Wall Probing Radars can detect the location or movement of persons or objects that are located on the other side o
21、f a structure such as a wall. Possible commercial use of this application or its usage by the public is not described and addressed in the present document. Therefore, Through-Wall Radars should be recognized as a unique class of device distinct from GPR/WPR. For Through-Wall Probing Radars (TWPR) t
22、he band of operation is from 3,1 GHz to 10,6 GHz. Post-911, there are also some low-frequency TWPR activities which are not addressed in the present document as it is believed that this work is being undertaken under military regime. ETSI ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.2 (2008-03) 5 In addition, GPRs are al
23、so used in underground excavations, mines and drill holes where leakage of signal into the air is virtually impossible. Higher powers for equipment which intended use is not to be operated in the open air can be beneficial. This should also be taken into account. The present report includes necessar
24、y information to support the co-operation under the MoU between ETSI and the Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) for amending the ERC Recommendation 70-03 1. ETSI ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.2 (2008-03) 6 1 Scope The p
25、resent document provides information on the intended applications, the technical parameters and the radio spectrum requirements for UWB Ground- and Wall Probing Radar equipment operating in the frequency band from 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz. It describes Ground Probing (GPR) and Wall Probing (WPR) systems t
26、hat are used in survey and detection applications. These applications require wide frequency bandwidths that cannot be provided by alternative technologies and/or at spot frequencies. The scope is limited to radars operated as short range devices (because of their usage and design), in which the sys
27、tem is in close proximity to the materials being investigated. It does not include radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft which may sometimes be referred to as GPRs but do not fall into the category of short range devices. The radar applications in the present document are not intended for comm
28、unications purposes. Their intended usage excludes radiation into the free space, unlike for UWB communications equipment. Additional information is given in the following annexes: annex A: detailed market information; annex B: technical information; annex C: expected compatibility issues. 2 Referen
29、ces References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following case
30、s: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.ets
31、i.org/Reference. For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably, the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the reference should, as far as possible, remain vali
32、d for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper case and lower case letters. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publ
33、ication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced d
34、ocument (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. ETSI ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.2 (2008-03) 7 2.2 Informative references 1 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03: “Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)“. 2 ITU-R SG1 TG1-8 Report from the 1st meeting of ITU-R SG1 TG 1-8, Geneva 21-24 Januar
35、y 2003 (Document 1-8/047). 3 FCC 03-03: “Revision of Part 15 of the Commissions Rules Regarding UWB Transmission Systems“. 4 CENELEC EN 55022 (1998): “Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment“. 5 ITU-R Radio Regulations. 6 Convention
36、on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on their Destruction, available via http:/www.mineaction.org/. 7 CISPR/I/105/CDV: “EMC of information technology, multimedia equipment and receivers“, date of circulation 2004-04-30, closing date for voti
37、ng 2004-10-01. 8 CISPR/I/106/CDV: “EMC of information technology, multimedia equipment and receivers“, date of circulation 2004-04-23, closing date for voting 2004-09-24. 9 CISPR 16-1-1: “Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance a
38、nd immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus“. 10 ETSI EN 302 065: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB) for communications purposes“. 11 ETSI EN 302 066: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spe
39、ctrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB) for purposes other than communications“. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: deactivation switch: function o
40、f the equipment which deactivates the equipment when normal use is interrupted range resolution: ability to resolve two targets at different ranges 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: c velocity of light in a vacuum R Range resolution t time interval be
41、tween the arrival of two signals from targets separated in range by RER relative dielectric constant of earth materials TPpulse rise time ETSI ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.2 (2008-03) 8 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: A/D Analogue to Digital C
42、onverter APMBC Antipersonnel Mine Ban Convention BW Bandwidth CEPT European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations dB decibel ECC Electronic Communications Committee Euro-GPR The European GPR Association GPR Ground Probing Radar, Ground Penetrating Radar, Sub-surface Radar or Grou
43、nd Radar ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency SRD Short Range Device TEM Transverse Electromagnetic wave TWPR Through-Wall Probing Radar UWB Ultra Wide Band VHF Very High Frequency WPR Wall Probing Radar 4 Executive summary The present document provides a basis for a
44、 general, non-individual, licensing arrangement for probing radar systems, replacing the system of temporary or experimental licences that has been in use in parts of Europe for many years. Despite the restriction that these licences have placed upon the development of such systems, they are now int
45、ernationally used for a wide range of applications where information about objects is not readily obtainable by other means. Apart from reducing risk and accidents, GPR often has a pivotal role in the economic direction of major infrastructure projects. It also has a major potential role in areas li
46、ke detection of anti-personnel mines. The objective of designers and operators of radar equipment is to direct signals into earth materials and not to allow radiation into the air where reflections cause unwanted responses. The required signals necessarily demand a high bandwidth to provide sufficie
47、nt depth resolution. Earth materials act as low pass filters and in order to maximize the information from the ground, equipment are designed and selected to match local ground conditions. This leads to a wide variation in equipment bandwidth. Given the similarity in bandwidth and the unwanted natur
48、e of radiations into the air, the present document proposes that a general EMC standard should be used to specify the radiation from GPR and other probing radar systems. This essentially follows the situation that has been carefully implemented and monitored in the UK by the Radiocommunications Agen
49、cy/OFCOM and the European GPR Association (Euro-GPR). GPR and other probing radar equipment does not communicate any information via the radar signal to any other equipment, therefore no protocol communications standard is required for all probing radars. Market information, technical information including the required spectrum, and a discussion of compatibility issues are presented in the annexes of the present document. 4.1 Status of the present document Draft version 1.1.1_1.0.1, prepared by ERM TG31A, was discussed at ERM RM # 27. The
