1、 ETSI TR 102 453-1 V1.1.1 (2006-06) Technical Report Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Converged Fixed-Nomadic Broadband Wireless Access (BWA); Part 1: Frequencies above 3,4 GHz - System reference document ETSI ETSI TR 102 453-1 V1.1.1 (2006-06) 2 Reference DTR/ERM-RM-0
2、38-1 Keywords broadband, BWA, FWA, radio, SRDOC ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice
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5、he current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be r
6、eproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2006. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its M
7、embers. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 453-1 V1.1.1 (2006-06) 3 Contents Intellectual Pro
8、perty Rights5 Foreword.5 1 Scope 6 2 References 6 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .8 3.1 Definitions8 3.2 Symbols8 3.3 Abbreviations .8 4 Executive summary 9 4.1 Status of the System Reference Document.9 4.1.1 Statement from BMWI (BNetzA - Bundesnetzagentur) and Deutsche Telekom AG.9 4.2 Te
9、chnical developments .9 4.2.1 Enabling interoperability 9 4.2.2 Nomadic operation10 4.2.3 Broadband capability 10 4.2.4 Applications10 4.2.5 Key Technology Features of Converged Fixed Nomadic Broadband Wireless Access .10 4.2.5.1 OFDM technology 11 4.2.5.2 SOFDMA technology .11 4.2.5.3 Adaptive Ante
10、nna Systems (AAS)12 4.2.5.4 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) .12 4.2.6 Broadband market information.12 4.2.6.1 Market need.12 4.2.6.2 Market size, forecasts and timing13 4.2.7 Broadband spectrum requirement and justifications.14 4.2.8 Frequency bands .15 4.2.8.1 Existing Frequency bands .15 4.2
11、.8.2 Alternative Higher Frequency Ranges 15 4.2.8.3 Licence-Exempt Frequencies 15 4.2.8.4 Geographic area licensing .16 4.2.9 Spectrum parameters.16 4.2.10 Current regulations .17 4.2.10.1 European P-MP Fixed Service - Spectrum allocations .17 4.2.10.1.1 Nomadic applications in P-MP Fixed Service al
12、locations.17 4.2.10.1.2 CEPT Recommendations.17 4.2.10.2 ETSI Harmonized Standards under R Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.or
13、g/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essenti
14、al to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the technical characteristics for spectrum usage of conver
15、ged fixed-nomadic Broadband Wireless Access (BWA), as identified below: Part 1: “Frequencies above 3,4 GHz - System reference document“. Part 2: “Frequencies below 3,4 GHz - System reference document“. ETSI ETSI TR 102 453-1 V1.1.1 (2006-06) 6 1 Scope The present document defines the spectrum requir
16、ements based on new standardization and the evolving market requirements for Converged Fixed-Nomadic broadband wireless access systems above 3,4 GHz. The information in the present document is mainly derived from standardization activities within ETSI BRAN HiperMAN and IEEE 802.16 4, which are subje
17、ct to a cooperation agreement for harmonizing the relevant standards. In the present document, the term “nomadic“ is used in accordance with the definition in ITU-R Recommendation F.1399 12 that quotes: “the location of the end-user termination may be in different places but it must be stationary wh
18、ile in use“. Part 1 takes into account the fact that there are established frequency bands already identified within the ECC framework for BFWA and/or P-MP (e.g. 3,4 GHz to 3,6 GHz), and additionally, identifies interest in adjacent frequency bands, specifically up to 4,2 GHz. It includes necessary
19、information to support the co-operation between ETSI and the Electronic Communication Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT), including: Detailed market information (annex A). Technical information (annex B). Expected compatibility issues (an
20、nex C). 2 References For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: 1 ETSI TS 102 177 (V1.3.2): “Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); HiperMAN; Physical (PHY) Layer“. 2 ETSI TS 102 178 (V1.3.2): “Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); HiperMAN; Data Link Control (
21、DLC) Layer“. 3 ETSI TS 102 210 (V1.2.1): “Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); HiperMAN; System Profiles“. 4 IEEE 802.16: “Standard for local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems“. 5 BROADWAN (Broadband services for everyone over fixed
22、wireless access networks) Consortium, under the FP6 001930 contract of the European Union IST Thematic Priority of the Sixth Framework Programme. BROADWAN is partially funded by the European Commission. 6 001930 BROADWAN; Deliverable D6; “User and Service requirements“. 7 IEEE C802.16.d-03-78r1: “Co
23、verage/Capacity simulations for OFDMA PHY in with ITU-T channel model“. 8 ITU Radio Regulations (2004): “Articles“ . 9 European Radiocommunications Committee (ERC) within the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT), Report 025: “The European Table of Frequency all
24、ocations and utilizations covering the frequency range 9 kHz to 275 GHz“. 10 CEPT/ERC/Recommendation 13-04: “Preferred frequency bands for fixed wireless access in the frequency range between 3 and 29.5 GHz“. 11 ETSI EN 302 326-3 (V1.2.1): “Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and Antennas; Par
25、t 3: Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R System Reference Document for licence-exempt Fixed Wireless Access (HIPERMAN) for band C (5,725 GHz to 5,875 GHz)“. 19 IEEE 802.16e: “Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems; Amendment for Phy
26、sical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands“. 20 ETSI EN 301 021: “Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-multipoint equipment; Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA); Point-to-multipoint digital radio systems in frequency bands in the range 3 GHz to 11 GHz“
27、. 21 ETSI EN 302 326-2: “Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and Antennas; Part 2: Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R Multipoint equipment and antennas; Generic harmonized standard for multipoint digital fixed radio systems and antennas covering the essen
28、tial requirements under article 3.2 of the Directive 1999/5/EC“. 23 European Commission: “Mandate to CEPT to identify the conditions relating to the provision of harmonized radio frequency bands in the European Union for Broadband Wireless Access applications“. 24 IEEE Project 802.16h: “Amendment to
29、 IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems - Improved Coexistence Mechanisms for License-Exempt Operation“. 25 ECC/Report 33: “The analysis of the coexistence of Point-to-Multipoint FWS cells in the 3,4 - 3,8 GHz band“.
30、26 ECC Recommendation 04-05: “The analysis of the coexistence of Point-to-Multipoint FWS cells in the 3.4 - 3.8 GHz band“. 27 ETSI TR 102 453-2: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Converged Fixed-Nomadic Broadband Wireless Access (BWA); Part 2: Frequencies below 3,4 GHz
31、 - System reference document“. 28 ETSI EN 302 502: “Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); 5,8 GHz fixed broadband data transmitting systems; Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R in the collaborative mode two STs collaborate on transmission of special multiplexing s
32、ignal, where each subscriber station does not need more than one transmit antenna and amplifier, achieving higher capacity at low ST cost. DL MIMO (2nd, 3rdand 4thorders, the order corresponding to the number of used antennas), allowing capacity improvement. This is an essential feature to significa
33、ntly improve the spectral efficiency. Special sub-carrier allocation modes designed for support of frequency reuse 1 as well as more conservative reuse factors. Special sub-carrier allocation modes designed for effective support of advanced antenna techniques and beamforming. Scalable OFDMA, using F
34、FT sizes of 512,1 k and 2 k points, reduces the guard time overhead at least by a factor of two. The up-link sub-channelization in the OFDM mode or the up-link OFDMA allows to increase the link budget up to 12 dB to 15 dB and provide the basis for indoor deployment. The use of UL/DL sub-channels and
35、 their transmit powers in a coordinated mode between base-stations will allow to avoid/reduce the experienced interference, enabling reuse factor 1, especially when using omnidirectional antennas for ST (Laptop or indoor units). Another possibility is to separate users of directional antennas from u
36、sers of omni antennas in the same frequency channel, by using OFDMA sub-channels. In this way, the new nomadic users will not affect the spectral efficiency and QoS of traditional fixed users. ETSI ETSI TR 102 453-1 V1.1.1 (2006-06) 124.2.5.3 Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS) Traditionally point to poi
37、nt systems direct their energy between two points, and point to multi-point system are based on covering a defined area. Both of these methods are static, adaptive antenna systems are dynamic and try and combine the best of each method, by directing the maximum gain of the antenna toward a particula
38、r area of the active subscriber terminal. They can also generate nulls in the overall antenna pattern to reduce the interference from unwanted sources. The implementations of AAS are in the form of two or more antennas that either use a switched beam or beam steering principle. In a real world envir
39、onment where the sources of interference are continually changing, because of the ability to introduce nulls in one or more axis, AAS enable the system co-channel interference rejection ratio to be increased, which permits higher modulation schemes and hence higher throughput. The advantage for the
40、service provider is that the capacity, range, availability and the coverage can be increased. 4.2.5.4 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) The MIMO technology will allow to increase significantly the spectral efficiency in downlink, at relatively low cost for the subscriber units. The downlink MIMO
41、 will use for the beginning two transmit channels on Base Station and two receive channels on ST. The support for this arrangement is defined in the IEEE 802.16e 19 amendment and will have as result at the beginning double spectral efficiency or higher cell size, depending on the target improvement.
42、 The first products implementing this technology will come up in 2007. For the immediate needs of BWA services should be taken into consideration the sooner-available SISO technology. 4.2.6 Broadband market information 4.2.6.1 Market need The BFWA market is today a niche market due to a number of ca
43、uses: Lack of open standards, that will reduce the component costs. Problematic business case, due to high cost of installing outdoor antennas. Lack of sufficient licensed spectrum, to offer competitive broadband services in medium/long term. Lack of light-licensed spectrum, having power allowance s
44、uitable to large cell deployments for municipalities applications. The European need for broadband services is detailed in clauses A.2.1 and A.2.2. It is identified that the following services requiring spectrum: a) Small businesses and enterprises, which seek a competitive offering for broadband se
45、rvice with a guaranteed, service level agreement. In this scenario an outdoor, fixed subscriber terminal with a directional antenna is employed to provide the highest throughput connectivity. This bandwidth is then dispersed to many users within the business. Generally speaking, the amount a service
46、 provider can charge for such a business class service more than offsets the costs of professionally installing the fixed outdoor subscriber station. Some local carriers can take up to three months or more to provision a new E1/T1 line for a business customer if the service is not already available
47、in the building. With BWA, the same service provider can provision the same speed of network access as the wired solution in a matter of days and at a lower deployment cost. Similarly, a service provider can offer “on demand“ high-speed connectivity for events such as conferences, with hundreds or e
48、ven thousands of IEEE 802.11 17 hot spot users. These Wi-Fi hot spots would use broadband HiperMAN solutions as their backhaul to the core IP network. Such “on demand“ connectivity could also benefit industries such as construction, mining, transportation, oil and gas and agriculture with nomadic an
49、d/or sporadic broadband connectivity needs. “On demand“ or “as needed“ last mile broadband services are a differentiated value proposition for BWA. ETSI ETSI TR 102 453-1 V1.1.1 (2006-06) 13b) Residential users in areas where DSL or cable broadband services are not available. In this scenario, a service similar to consumer DSL connectivity is offered, generally at a premium to current DSL broadband service rates. This premium is required to offset the cost of the “truck roll“ required to professionally instal
