1、 ETSI TS 102 991 V1.3.1 (2016-01) Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation Guidelines for a second generation digital cable transmission system (DVB-C2) TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ETSI ETSI TS 102 991 V1.3.1 (2016-01)2 Reference RTS/JTC-DVB-328 Keywords audio, broadcasting, cable, data, digital
2、, DVB, HDTV, MPEG, TV, video ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present docume
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7、 the written authorization of ETSI. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2016. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Membe
8、rs. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TS 102 991 V1.3.1 (2016-01)3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 9g3Foreword . 9
9、g3Modal verbs terminology 9g3Introduction 9g31 Scope 11g32 References 11g32.1 Normative references . 11g32.2 Informative references 12g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 13g33.1 Definitions 13g33.2 Symbols 15g33.3 Abbreviations . 18g34 Overview of DVB-C2 21g34.1 DVB-C2 commercial requiremen
10、ts 21g34.1.0 Introduction. 21g34.1.1 General requirements 22g34.1.2 Performance and efficiency requirements . 22g34.1.3 Backward compatibility requirements 23g34.1.4 Interactive systems requirements 23g34.2 Key features of DVB-C2 24g34.3 Benefits of DVB-C2 compared to DVB-C . 24g34.4 General remark
11、on the applicability of DVB-C2 for cable systems using 8 MHz or 6 MHz basic channel raster . 25g35 Anatomy of the DVB-C2 signal . 26g35.0 Introduction 26g35.1 System Overview . 26g35.2 Concept of Physical Layer Pipes (PLP) and Data Slices 27g35.3 Forward Error Protection and Modulation Constellation
12、s 27g35.4 DVB-C2 Framing and OFDM Generation . 28g35.4.0 Introduction to DVB-C2 Framing and OFDM Generation . 28g35.4.1 DVB-C2 signalling concept 29g35.4.1.0 Elements of the DVB-C2 signalling 29g35.4.1.1 L1 signalling scheme. 29g35.4.1.2 L2 signalling scheme. 29g35.5 Spectral Efficiency and Transmis
13、sion Capacity . 29g35.6 DVB-C2 multiplexing schemes 32g35.6.0 Introduction. 32g35.6.1 Physical frame structure 32g35.6.1.1 C2-System . 32g35.6.1.2 C2-frame . 32g35.6.1.3 Data Slices. 32g35.6.1.4 Physical Layer Pipes . 32g35.6.1.5 FECFrames 32g35.6.1.5.0 Introduction of FECFrames . 32g35.6.1.5.1 FECF
14、rame Headers . 32g35.6.1.6 BBFrames . 32g35.6.1.7 Packets 33g35.7 Overview of interleaving 33g35.8 Payload Capacity 33g35.9 New concept of absolute OFDM 34g36 Choice of Basic Parameters 35g36.0 Introduction 35g36.1 Choice of code rate, block length and constellation . 35g3ETSI ETSI TS 102 991 V1.3.1
15、 (2016-01)4 6.2 Choice of FFT size and Carrier Spacing 36g36.3 Choice of Guard interval and impact of OFDM symbol Duration 37g36.4 Choice of Pilot Pattern . 38g36.5 Choice of C2 frame and FECFrame length. 39g36.6 Choice of Time Interleaving Parameters 40g36.7 Choice of Mode Adaptation . 41g36.7.0 In
16、troduction. 41g36.7.1 Usage of the optional insertion of additional Null packet into TSPSs (Transport Streams Partial Streams) . 42g36.8 Choice of Signalling Schemes 43g36.9 Number of Data Slices versus PLPs 43g36.10 Notches . 44g36.10.0 Discussion of the Narrowband and Broadband notch feature of th
17、e DVB-C2 system . 44g36.10.1 OFDM sub-carrier bandwidth and Receiver Considerations with Broadband notches 45g36.10.1.0 Introductory remarks . 45g36.10.1.1 Minimum Data Slice Width 45g36.10.1.2 Dependent Static Data Slices 46g36.11 Choice of Layer 1 signalling parameters 46g36.11.1 Choice of the “Da
18、ta Slice Tuning Position“ parameter 46g36.11.2 Usage of Early Warning System signalling . 47g37 Input Processing / Multiplexing . 47g37.1 Generation of the FECFrame Header . 47g37.2 Use of common PLPs 48g37.3 PLP bundling and Statistical Multiplexing 49g37.4 Use of the Null Packet Deletion mechanism
19、 50g37.4.0 Introduction. 50g37.4.1 Use of Null Packet Deletion with Common PLP . 50g37.4.2 Use of Null Packet Deletion for Efficient Statistical Multiplexing . 50g37.4.3 Null Packet Deletion for Reduced Power Consumption . 51g37.5 Use of Issy Time Stamping 51g37.6 Stuffing Mechanism . 53g37.6.0 Intr
20、oduction. 53g37.6.1 Transport Stream Stuffing . 53g37.6.2 Base Band Frame Stuffing 53g37.6.3 Data Slice Packet Stuffing (only Data Slice Type 2) . 54g37.6.4 Data Slice Stuffing . 54g37.7 Multiplexing, Dimensioning of PLPs and Data Slices 55g37.7.0 Introduction. 55g37.7.1 Single PLP per Data Slice .
21、55g37.7.1.0 The Single PLP per Data Slice application . 55g37.7.1.1 Data Slice Type 1 55g37.7.1.2 Data Slice Type 2 55g37.7.2 Multiple PLP 56g37.8 Layer-2 signalling. 56g37.8.0 Introduction. 56g37.8.1 Transport Streams transported in a single PLP . 57g37.8.2 Transport Streams transported in bundled
22、PLPs (PLP bundling) . 59g37.8.3 Generic Streams 59g38 Modulator . 59g38.1 Preamble Generation 59g38.1.0 Introduction. 59g38.1.1 Preamble Payload Data Processing . 60g38.1.1.1 Preamble Time Interleaving 60g38.1.1.2 Addition of Preamble Header 60g38.1.1.3 Cyclic Repetition . 61g38.1.1.4 Preamble Frequ
23、ency Interleaving 61g38.1.2 Preamble Pilot Generation 61g38.1.2.0 Intoduction to the Preamble Pilot Generation . 61g38.1.2.1 Data Scrambling Sequence . 61g38.1.2.2 Pilot Scrambling Sequence . 62g3ETSI ETSI TS 102 991 V1.3.1 (2016-01)5 8.1.2.3 Impact of long “0“ or “1“ sequences in the Preamble on th
24、e PAPR 63g38.1.2.4 Preamble Pilot Modulation Sequence . 63g38.1.3 Mapping of the Preamble Pilots and Data 64g38.1.3.1 Mapping of the Pilots 64g38.1.3.2 Mapping and Scrambling of the Preamble Data 64g38.2 Pilots (Scattered-, Continual- pilots) 65g38.2.1 Purpose of pilot insertion 65g38.2.2 Pilot loca
25、tions . 65g38.2.3 Number of pilot cells 65g38.2.4 Pilot boosting 65g38.2.5 Use of reference sequence 65g38.3 PAPR and Possible Implementation . 66g38.3.0 Introduction. 66g38.3.1 Reserved carriers 66g38.3.2 Reference kernel . 66g38.3.3 Algorithm of PAPR reduction using reserved carriers 66g38.3.3.0 I
26、ntroduction . 66g38.3.3.1 PAPR cancellation algorithm 67g38.4 Signalling (L1-part2, including FEC) . 68g38.4.1 Overview 68g38.4.2 L1 change-indication mechanism . 69g38.4.3 CRC insertion . 69g38.4.4 Example of L1 signalling part 2 data 69g38.4.5 FEC for the L1 signalling part 2 . 71g38.4.5.0 Introdu
27、ction . 71g38.4.5.1 Shortening of BCH Information part 72g38.4.5.2 Example for shortening of BCH information 72g38.4.5.3 BCH encoding . 74g38.4.5.4 LDPC encoding . 74g38.4.5.5 Puncturing of LDPC parity bits . 75g38.4.5.6 Example for Puncturing of LDPC parity bits 75g38.4.5.7 Removal of zero-padding
28、bits . 76g38.4.5.8 Bit Interleaving and constellation mapping after shortening and puncturing 77g38.5 Interleaving. 77g38.5.1 Bit interleaving . 77g38.5.2 Time interleaving 77g38.5.3 Frequency Interleaving . 78g38.6 Framing 79g38.7 OFDM Signal Generation 80g38.7.0 Introduction of OFDM Signal Generat
29、ion 80g38.7.1 OFDM Modulation Using the Equivalent Lowpass Representation . 80g38.7.2 Calculation using the Fast Fourier Transform 83g38.7.2.0 Introduction . 83g38.7.2.1 Generation Using the Centre Frequency of the Signal with Predistortion 83g38.7.2.2 Generation Using the Optimum Carrier Frequency
30、84g38.7.3 OFDM Generation Block Diagram . 85g38.7.3.0 Introduction . 85g38.7.3.1 Zero Padding . 85g38.7.3.2 IFFT Calculation . 86g38.7.3.3 Guard Interval Insertion 86g38.7.3.4 Digital to Analogue Conversion and Low-pass Filtering 87g38.7.3.5 Frequency Shifting 87g38.8 Spectral Shaping . 88g38.8.0 In
31、troduction to the principles of the modulator output signal filtering . 88g38.8.1 Optimized modulator output signal filtering with pre-distortion 89g38.9 Broadband DVB-C2 Systems . 90g38.10 Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of DVB-C2: theoretical considerations on basis of the Central Limit Theorem . 90g3
32、8.11 Concept and usage of the DVB-C2 modulator interface 92g38.11.0 Introduction. 92g38.11.1 Concept of the C2 Modulator Interface (MI) 93g38.11.2 Usage of the C2 Modulator Interface . 93g3ETSI ETSI TS 102 991 V1.3.1 (2016-01)6 8.11.3 Usage of the fragmentation mechanism 94g38.11.4 Transport of C2-M
33、I packets . 94g38.11.5 Reserved tones for PAPR reduction . 94g39 Network 94g39.0 Introduction 94g39.1 Components of a cable network . 95g39.1.0 Introduction. 95g39.1.1 The operator part of the network 95g39.1.2 The customer part of the network . 95g39.2 Distortion signals 95g39.2.1 Echo 95g39.2.1.0
34、Introduction of standardized echoes profiles . 95g39.2.1.1 Echoes caused by the operator network 96g39.2.1.2 Echoes caused by the in-house network of the customer 96g39.2.2 Ingress . 97g39.2.2.1 Terrestrial broadcast services 97g39.2.2.2 Human activity in the home environment . 97g39.2.2.3 Mobile se
35、rvices (Digital Dividend) . 97g39.2.3 Nonlinear behaviour of components . 97g39.2.3.0 Introduction . 97g39.2.3.1 Narrowband cluster beats 97g39.2.3.2 Broadband random noise. 98g39.2.3.3 Impulse noise 98g39.3 Signal Requirements. 99g39.3.0 Introducion 99g39.3.1 Signal levels 99g39.3.2 Signal quality
36、requirements 100g39.3.2.0 Introductory remarks. 100g39.3.2.1 Analogue TV. 100g39.3.2.2 FM radio 100g39.3.2.3 DVB-C 100g39.3.2.4 DVB-C2 100g39.4 Network optimization . 102g39.4.0 Introduction. 102g39.4.1 The effect of the DVB-C2 carrier level 102g39.4.2 Impact of the DVB-C2 signal level on DVB-C2 per
37、formance . 103g39.4.3 Impact of the DVB-C2 signal level on analogue TV services 104g39.4.4 Non linear behaviour of active components in case of digital loads . 104g310 Receivers 106g310.1 Synchronization Procedure . 106g310.1.0 Introduction. 106g310.1.1 Initial Acquisition . 106g310.1.1.0 Initial Ac
38、quisition flow diagram . 106g310.1.1.1 Spectrum Detection . 107g310.1.1.2 Guard Interval Correlation 108g310.1.1.3 Coarse Time and Fractional Frequency Synchronization 108g310.1.1.4 Preamble Detection and Synchronization . 108g310.1.1.5 Preamble Data Decoding Procedure 109g310.1.1.5.0 Introduction .
39、 109g310.1.1.5.1 Data Sorting . 111g310.1.1.5.2 Preamble Header Decoding . 111g310.1.2 Channel Tuning Procedure . 112g310.1.3 Preamble Time De-interleaver 113g310.1.3.1 Phase of time de-interleaving 113g310.1.3.2 Pre-processing to time de-interleaving 113g310.1.3.3 Memory-efficient implementation of
40、 time de-interleaver . 114g310.1.3.4 Disabled time interleaving 114g310.2 Time de-interleaving of payload data . 114g310.2.1 Phase of time de-interleaving 114g310.2.2 Memory-efficient implementation of time de-interleaver . 114g3ETSI ETSI TS 102 991 V1.3.1 (2016-01)7 10.2.3 Disabled time interleavin
41、g 117g310.3 Frequency de-interleaving of payload data. 117g310.4 Use of Pilots . 118g310.5 Phase noise requirements . 119g310.5.0 Introduction. 119g310.5.1 Common phase error correction 119g310.5.2 Channel Equalization 120g310.5.2.1 Overview . 120g310.5.2.1.1 The need for channel estimation 120g310.
42、5.2.1.2 Obtaining the estimates . 121g310.5.2.2 Fundamental limits 121g310.5.2.3 Interpolation 122g310.5.2.3.1 Limitations. 122g310.5.2.3.2 Temporal interpolation 122g310.5.2.3.3 Frequency interpolation . 123g310.6 Tuning to a Data Slice . 123g310.7 Buffer Management 125g310.8 DVB-C2 FECFrame Header
43、 Detection 128g310.8.1 Overview of FECFrame Header Detection . 128g310.8.2 FECFrame Header Detection 128g310.8.3 Alternative FECFrame Header Detection . 130g310.9 LDPC Decoding . 131g310.10 BCH Decoding . 132g310.11 Output processing . 132g310.11.1 De-/Re-multiplexing . 132g310.11.1.1 Construction o
44、f output TS . 132g310.11.1.2 Mode adaptation 132g310.11.1.3 Determination of output-TS bit-rate 133g310.11.1.4 De-jitter buffer 133g310.11.1.5 Re-insertion of deleted null packets 133g310.11.1.6 Re-combining the Common and Data PLPs 133g310.11.2 Output interface 134g310.12 Power Saving 134g310.13 Ba
45、sic considerations for an initial network scan 134g311 Theoretical Performance 134g311.0 Introduction 134g311.1 Channel Models 134g311.1.0 Introduction. 134g311.1.1 Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) 134g311.1.2 Echo Channel 135g311.2 Simulated System Performance 135g311.2.0 Performance of DVB-C2
46、over a different channel models . 135g311.2.1 Performance of L1-part2 signalling over an AWGN channel . 137g311.2.2 Correction values for pilot boosting . 139g311.3 Receiver Performance Requirements . 139g311.3.0 Introduction. 139g311.3.1 Receiver Performance Requirements in an Ideal System . 139g31
47、1.3.2 Backstop Noise Definition 140g311.3.3 Performance Calculation Method . 141g311.3.4 Performance Requirements for AWGN and Echoes . 142g311.3.5 Performance Requirements for Sensitivity . 143g311.3.6 Requirements for Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI) 143g312 Examples of Possible Use of the Syst
48、em . 145g312.0 Introduction 145g312.1 Network Scenarios . 145g312.1.0 Introduction. 145g312.1.1 Methods of signal conversion in cable head ends . 145g312.1.1.0 Introduction . 145g312.1.1.1 Efficient signal conversion from satellite or terrestrial link to DVB-C2 . 145g312.1.1.2 Transparent signal con
49、version and MPEG2 Transport Stream processing . 149g3ETSI ETSI TS 102 991 V1.3.1 (2016-01)8 12.1.1.3 Example for a configuration with a narrowband notch within a DVB-C2 signal . 149g312.1.1.4 Example for a configuration with a broadband notch within a DVB-C2 signal 152g312.1.2 Further application for Common PLPs and their efficient transmission 154g312.1.3 Video On Demand and other applications of personalized services . 155g312.1.4 Utilization for interactive services (IPTV, Internet) . 155g312.1.4.0 Introduction . 155g312.1.4.1 Example for IP transmission . 156g312.1.4
