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2、. / 100172005 . 9001 51901.12002 . 51901.52005 ( 60300-3-1:2003) . 51901.122007 ( 60812:2006) . 51901.132005 ( 61025:1990) . 1991974 . , 1 , . , , . , , (). , , , , , , , , , , . 56116-2014 2 3 : 3.1 (criterion): , , . 3.2 (factor): () , , , . 3.3 (management): , , , . 3.4 (danger): , (), (), , ( )
3、; , . 3.5 (threat): , , , , . 3.6 (security level): , . 3.7 (safety indicators): . 3.8 (indicator value security): , . 3.9 (dangerous event): , (). 3.10 (risk): , ( ) . 3.11 (metrological risk): , , . 3.12 (risk event): (. 3.9), , . 3.13 (acceptable risk): . 3.14 (simple risk): ( ) . 3.15 (composite
4、 risk): ( ) , . 3.16 (risk situation): , , . 3.17 (the probability of the risk event): , , . . . 3.18 ( ) (the importance of a risk): . 3.19 (acceptable risk): , . 3.20 (unacceptable risk): , . 56116-2014 3 4 : ( I II ); ( ).5 ( I II ) 5.1 D 19919, . : D = 1 - (I+ II), ( 1 ) I , . . , ; II , . . , .
5、 5.2 X. , , . . . 5.3 : ( ); f () ; ; t = - ; f (t) t. 5.4 , X, . . . . : X ( ) ; ; ; . 5.5 ( I II ) 1. , - 1 I II 56116-2014 4 5.6 , X , . : ( 1,), . . ; , . . ( 1,); , ; ( 1,); - , ; ( 1,). 5.7 , X . , , : () + () + () + () = 1 ( 2 )5.8 , = () + (). ( 3 ) - . , : = () + (). ( 4 ) - . : + = 1. ( 5 )5.9 () ; () . : = + ( 6 )5.10 , , , X. , . , . . X. 6 ( ) 6.1 , ( . ) , , . () . . 6.2 : Risk Concept: Likelihood 1 R; HR ; 0 , . ( 8 ) ( 7 ) . 56116-2014 5 6.4 , , . : R = f ( R |0 ), ( 9 ) R R HR; HR ( ); 0 ( , . .); R = (1, R) , , , Fuzzy Sets. 6.5 6.4 ( 7 ) ( 8 ) : R = f ( 1, R|0 ), ( 10 ) R
