1、GPA STD*3L32 84 3824699 0000297 7 - GPA Standard 31 32-84 Natural Gasoline Specifications and Test Methods Reprinted 7 980 Revised I984 Gas Processors Association 1812 First Place Tulsa, Oklahoma 741 03 Non- Mem bers: Single copies .$6.00 . Members: Single copies .4.W 1 O or more copies, each . .3.0
2、0 GPA STDa3132 84 m 3824699 O000299 O m TABLE OF CONTENTS GPA Specifications and Test Methods for Natural Gasoline . 4 ASTM D-130-80: Detection of Copper Corrosion from Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test 5 ASTM D-156-82: Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products 13 ASTM D-216-77 (1 982):
3、Distillation of Natural Gasoline .20 ASTM D-323-82: Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method). . 24 GPA 1 138: Standard Doctor Test for Natural Gasoline . .33 NOTE: ASTM test methods included in this publication have been adopted by GPA, and are included through a right-to-reprint agreement
4、 with, and by special permission of, the American Society for Testing and Materials, 191 6 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa -. I GPA STD*3L32 84 m 3824b 0000300 3 m Natural Gasoline Specifications and Test Methods Scope: These specifications state the required properties of Natural Gasoline. Natural ga
5、soline is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons extracted from natural gas, com- posed principally of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons, although varying amounts of butanes may be included, depending on the commercial grade. Natural gasoline is defined further for commerical purposes by the following: Pr
6、oduct Characteristic Specification Test Method Reid Vapor Pressure 10-34 pounds ASTM D-323-82 Percentage evaporated at 140F 25-85 ASTM D-216-77 (82) ASTM D-216-77 (82) Ehd point not more than 375F ASTM D-216-77 (82) Percentage evaporated at 275F not less than 90 Corrosion not more than classificatio
7、n 1 ASTM D-130-80 (modified) Color not less than plus 25 (Saybolt) ASTM D-156-82 Reactive sulfur Negative, “sweet” GPA 1138 In addition to the above general specifications, natural gasoline shall be divided into twenty-four possible grades on a basis of vapor pressure and percentage evaporated at 14
8、0F. Each grade shall have a range in vapor pressure of four pounds, and a range in the percentage evaporated at 140F of i 5 percent. The maximum vapor pressure of the various grades shall be 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, and 34 pounds respectively. The minimum percentage evaporated at 140F shall be 25, 40, 55
9、, and 70 respectively. Each grade shall be designated by its maximum vapor pressure and its minimum percentage evap- orated at 140”F, as shown in the following table: GRADES OF NATURAL GASOLINE Percentage Evaporated at 140F 25 40 15 70 85 Grade 34-25 Grade 34-40 Grade 34-55 Grade 34-70 Grade 30-25 G
10、rade 30-40 Grade 30-55 Grade 30-70 Grade 26-25 Grade 26-40 Grade 26-51 Grade 26-70 Grade 22-25 Grade 22-40 Grade 22-55 Grade 22-70 18 Z Grade 18-25 Grade 18-40 Grade 18-55 Grade 18-70 2 14 Grade 14-25 Grade 14-40 Grade 14-55 Grade 14-70 10 34 7 30 8 26 3 22 -4- GPA STD83132 84 3824699 000030L 5 Desi
11、gnation: D 130 - 83 Nb Designation: 1%/78 An Amencan National Standard Federation of Societies for Paint Tedirology Standard No. Dt-28-65 British Standard 4351 Deutsche Nomi DIN 51759 Standard Method for DETECTION OF COPPER CORROSION FROM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS BY THE COPPER STRIP TARNISH TEST This stan
12、dard is issued under the fixed designation D 130; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision. the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. This is also a standard of the Institute o
13、f Petroleum issued under the fixed designation IP 154. The final number indicates the year of last revision. This method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1964. This merhod has been adopted for use by government agencies to replace Method 5325 of Federal Test Method Standard.No. 791 b. 1. S
14、cope 1.1 This method covers the detection of the corrosiveness to copper of aviation gasoFine, avia- tion turbine fuel, automotive gasoline, natural gasoline or other hydrocarbons having a Reid vapor pressure no greater than 18 psi (1 24 kPa) (Caution-see 1.2 and Annex A2.), cleaners (Stoddard) solv
15、ent, kerosine, diesel fuel, distillate fuel oil, lubricating oil, and certain other petro- leum products. 1.2 Caution-Some products, particularly natural gasoline, may have a much higher vapor pressure than would normally be characteristic of automotive or aviation gasolines. For this reason, extrem
16、e caution must be exercised to assure that the test bomb containing natural gas- din also a supply of 105-pm (150-mesh) silicon carbide grain and pharmaceutical grade absorbent cotton (cotton wool). 6.3 Copper Strips: 6.3.1 Specipcation-Use strips 12.5 mm (% in.) wide, 1.5 to 3.0 mm (%6 to ?h in.) t
17、hick, cut 75 mm (3 in.) long from smooth-surfaced, hard- temper, cold-fmished copper of 99.9 + percent purity; electrical bus bar stock is generally suit- able (see Appendix). The strips may be used repeatedly but should be discarded when the surfaces become deformed on handling. 6.3.2 Surface Prepa
18、ration-Remove ali sur- face blemishes from all six sides of the strip with silicon carbide paper of such degrees of fineness as, are needed to accomplish the de- sired results efficiently. Finish with 65-pn (240- grit) silicon carbide paper or cloth. removing all marks that may have been made by oth
19、er grades of paper used previously. Immerse the strip in wash solvent from which it may be withdrawn immediately for final polishing or in which it may be stored for future use. 6.3.2.1 As a practical manual procedure for surface preparation, place a sheet of the paper on a flat surface, moisten it
20、with kerosine or wash solvent, and tub the strip against the paper with a rotary motion, protecting the strip from contact with the fingers with an ashless filter paper. Alternatively, the surface of the strip may be prepared by use of motor-driven machines using appropriate grades of dry paper or c
21、loth. 6.3.3 Final Polishing-Remove a strip from the wash solvent. Holding it in the fingers protected with ashless filter paper. polish first the ends and then the sides with the 105-pm (150-mesh) silicon carbide grains picked up -6- - GPA STD*3132 84 W 3824699 0000303 9 COPPER CORROSION FROM PETROL
22、EUM PRODUCTS (ASTM D 130 - IP 154) from a clean glass plate with a gad of cotton (cotton wool) moistewd with a drop of wash solvent. Wipe vigorously with fresh pads of cotton (cotton wool) and subsequently handle only with stainless steel forceps; do not couch with thejngers. Clamp in a vise and pol
23、ish the main surfaces with silicon-carbide grains on absorbent cotton. Rub in the direction of the long axis of the strip, carrying the stroke be- yond the end of the strip before reversing the direction. Clean all metal dust from the strip by rubbing vigorously with clean pads of ab- sorbent cotton
24、 until a fresh pad remains un- soiled. When the strip is clean, immediately immerse it in the prepared sample. 6.3.3.1 It is important to polish the whole surface of the,strip uniformly to obtain a uni- formly stained strip. If the edges show wear (surface elliptical) they will likely show more corr
25、osion than the center. The use of a vise (see Appendix) will facilitate uniform polishing. I. Corrosion Standards 7. i ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standurds consist of reproductions in color of typical test strips representing increasing degrees of tarnish and corrosion. the reproductions being enca
26、sed in plastic in the form of a plaque. 7.1. I Keep the plastic-encased printed ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standards pro- tected from light to avoid the possibility of fading. Inspect for fading by comparing two different plaques, one of which has been care- fully protected from light (new). Observ
27、e both sets in diffused daylight (or equivalent) first from a point directly above and then from an angle of 45“. If any evidence of fading is ob- served. particularly at the left-hand end of the plaque. it is suggested that the one that is the more faded with respect to the other be dis- carded. 7.
28、 I. 1.1 Alternatively, place a 20-nim (! in such cases the copper strip quality requirement for a given product should be lim- ited to a single set of conditions. The conditions of time and temperature given below are those most commonly used and are quoted in the ASTM specifications for these produ
29、cts where such specifications exist. However, other condi- tions can also be used as and when required by Availahlc from ASTM Headquariers. 1916 Race Street. Philadclphia. Pa. i9 103. Rcqucst Adjunct No. 12-40 1300-00. Names of suppliers in the United Kingdom can hc ohtaincd from the Instiiutc of Pe
30、trolcum. Two master standards arc held bu the IP for refcrcnce. -7- # PROBLEM HARD COPY GPA STD*3L32 84 m 3824b 0000304 0 W COPPER CORROSION FROM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS (ASTM D 130 - IP 1.54) specifications or by agreement between parties. 9.1. I For aviation gasoline, and aviation tur- bine jrel-Place
31、30 mL of sample, completely clear and free of any suspended or entrained water (see 8.3) into a chemically clean, dry 25 by 150-mtn test tube, and within I min after com- pleting the final polishing, slide the copper strip inta the sample tube. Carefully slide the sample tube into the test bomb (Fig
32、. I) and screw the lid on tight, Completely immerse the bomb in a boiling water bath at 100 f 1C (212 f 2F). After 2 h _+ 5 min in the bath, withdraw the bomb and immerse for a few minutes in tap bomb, withdraw the test tube and examine the strip as described in 9.2. 9.1.2 For nuriiralgasoline-Carry
33、 out the test exactly as described in 9-1.1 but at 40C (104F) and for 3 h f 5 min. 9.1.3 For diesel /irel, fiel oil, qtitomorive gas- oline-Place 30 mL of sample, completely dear and free of ahy suspended or entrained water (see 8.31, into a chemically clean, dry 25 by 150-mm test tube and, within 1
34、 min after completing the fTnal polishing, slide the copper strip into the sample tube. StoppeI; with a vented cork and place in abath maintained at 50 i 1C*(132 f 2F) (see 5.1. I). Protect the contents of the test tube from strong light,during the test: After 3 h t 5 min in the bath, examine the st
35、rip as.de- scribed in 9.2. For tests on fuel oil and diesel fuel, to specifications other than ASTM Specifi- cations D 396 and D 975, a temperature of 100C (2 12F) for 3 h is often used as an alternative set of conditions. 9. I .4 For cleaners (Stoddurd) solvent and ker- osine-Carry out the test exa
36、ctly as described in 9.1.3- but at 100 -L 1C (212 2 2F). 9. I .5 For lubricuting oil-Tests may be car- ried out for varying times and at elevated tem- peratures other than 100C (212F). For the sake of Liniformity, it is suggested that even incre- ments of 50F beginning with 350F (or Celsius equivale
37、nts ta the nearest whole degree) be used. 9.2 Strip Examination: 9.2.1 Empty the contents of the test tube into a 150-mL tall-form beaker, letting the strip slide in gently so as to avoid breaking the beaker. Immediately withdraw the strip with stainless steel forceps and immerse in wash solvent. Wi
38、thdraw the strip at once, dry with quantitative filter paper (by blotting and not by wiping), and inspect for evidences of tar- nishing or corrosion by comparison with the Copper Strap Corrosion Standards. Hold both the test strip aiid the standard strip plaque in such a manner that light reflected
39、from them at an angle of approximately 45“ wl be ob- served. 9.2.2 in handling the test strip during the inspection and comparison;- the danger of marking or staining can he avoided if it is inserted in a flat tube (see Annex AI) which can be stoppered with absarbent cotton. 10, Interpretation _. 10
40、.1 Interpret the corrosiveness of the sam- ple accordingly as the appearance of the test strip agrees with one of thestrips of the ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standards. 10. I. 1 When a strip is in the obvious transi- tion state between that indicated by any two adjacent standard strips, judge the s
41、ample by the more tariiished Standard Strip. Should a. strip appear to have a darker orange color. than Standard Strip lb, consider the observed strip as still belonging in Classification 1: however, if any evidence of red CO is observed, the observed strip belongs in Classification 2, 10.1.2 A clar
42、et red strip in Classification 2 can be mistaken for a magenta overcast on brassy strip in Classification 3 if the brassy underlay of the latter is completely masked by a magenta overtone. To distinguish, immerse the strip in wash solvept; the former will appear as a dark orange strip while the latt
43、er will not change. 10.1.3 To distinguish multicolored strips in Classifications 2 and 3, place a test strip in a 20 by 150-mm test tube and bring to a temperature of 315 to 370C (600 to 700F) in 4 to 6 min with the tube 1,ying on a hot plate. Adjust to temperature by observing. a high distillation
44、thermometer inserted int0.a second test tube. If the strip belongs in Classification 2, it will assume the color of a silver and then a gold strip: If in Classification 3 it will take on the appearance of a transparent black. etc., as de- scribed in Classification 4. . . 10.1.4 Repeat the lest if bl
45、emishes due to fger prints are observed, or due to spots from any particles of water droplets that may have touched the test strip duting the digestion pe- riod. 10.1.5 Repeat the test also if the sharp edges along the flat faces of the strip appear to be in a classificatian higher thans the greater
46、 portion -8- GPA STD*3132 84 = 3824b 0000305 2 COPPER CORROSION PROM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS (ASTM D 130 - IP 154) of the strip; in this case it is likely that the edges were burnished during polishing. perature. 11. Report 11. I Report the corrosiveness in accordance with one of the classifications list
47、ed in Table 1. State the duration of the test and the test tem- 12. Precision 12.1 In the- case of pass/fail data no gener- aliy accepted method for determining precision is currently available. TABLE 1 Copper Strip Classifications Classification Designation DescriptionA 8 Freshly polished strip . I
48、 2 3 4 slight tarnish a. Light orange, almost the same as freshly polished strip b. arkorange moderate tarnish a. Claret red . b. Lavender . . d, Silvery . e. Brassy or gold dark tarnish . c. Multicolored with lavender blue or silver, or both, overlaid on claret red a. Magenta overcast on brassy str
49、ip b. Multicolored with red and green showing (peacock), but no gray corrosion . a. Transparent black, dark gray or brown with peacock green barely showing b. Graphite or lusterless black c. Glossy or jet black A The ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standard is a colored reproduction of strips characteristic of these descriptions. “The freshly polished strip is included in the series only as an indication of the appearance of a properly polished strip before a test run: it is not possiblc io duplicate this appearance after a test even with a comp
