1、 GMDSS ManualMANUAL ON THE GLOBAL MARITIMEDISTRESS AND SAFETY SYSTEM2007 EditionThis Manual is not to be considered as a replacement or substitute for theITU “Manual for Use by the Maritime Mobile and Maritime Mobile-SatelliteServices” or any other publication required to be carried on board a ship
2、bythe Radio Regulations or any other international convention.International Maritime OrganizationLondon, 2007First published (as GMDSS Handbook) in 1992 by theINTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, United KingdomSecond edition 1995Third edition 2001Fourth edition (GM
3、DSS Manual) 2007Printed in the United Kingdom by Polestar Wheatons, Exeter24681097531ISBN 978-92-801-4233-4Copyright IMO 2007All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission in writing
4、from the International Maritime Organization.NOTE: ITU materials included in this publication have been reproduced, with the prior authorization of the publishers, from the following ITU publications: ITU-R Recommendations, 2006 Series; Radio Regulations (Edition of 2004). These publications can be
5、ordered directly from the International Telecommunication Union, Sales and Marketing Service, Place des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland.Photos in this publication were kindly made available by the International Mobile Satellite Organization, COSPAS-SARSAT, the International Radio-Maritime Co
6、mmittee, and the Japan Maritime Safety Agency.IMO PUBLICATIONSales number: IC970EGMDSS Manual iiiForewordSince its establishment in 1959, the International Maritime Organization and its Member Governments, in close co-operation with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and with other inte
7、rnational organizations,notably the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) andthe International Mobile Satellite Organization (Inmarsat), and with the COSPAS-SARSAT partners, have striven toimprove maritime distress and safety radiocommunications.T
8、he culmination of this work was the entry into force and implementation of the global maritime distress and safetysystem (GMDSS) in February 1999.The intent of this Manual is to provide in a single comprehensive publication an explanation of the principles uponwhich the GMDSS is based, the radiocomm
9、unication requirements and recommendations for its implementation,the operational performance standards and technical specifications to be met by GMDSS equipment, and the proce-dures for and method of operation of the various radio services which form the GMDSS and the Master Plan for theGMDSS.NoteE
10、very effort has been made to ensure that the material in this publication is accurate and up to date, but a certaindegree of obsolescence is inevitable. Most of the texts in this publication are up to date as of March 2007, but in caseof doubt or uncertainty about the material, readers should contac
11、t their national maritime Administrations or theInternational Maritime Organization for guidance.GMDSS Manual vContentsAbbreviations viiPart 1 Introduction1.1 History 11.2 The old system and the need for improvement 11.3 Early implementation of GMDSS provisions . 21.4 Implementation 19921999. 21.5 D
12、evelopments since 1999 3Part 2 Basic concept of the GMDSS2.1 General . 52.2 Communications functions in the GMDSS . 92.3 Search and rescue 102.4 Radio personnel 112.5 Station identities . 11Part 3 Communications systems in the GMDSS3.1 General . 123.2 Inmarsat system . 133.3 COSPAS-SARSAT system . 1
13、83.4 Digital selective calling (DSC) system 253.5 Search and rescue radar transponders (SARTs). 283.6 Equipment performance standards . 303.7 Maritime safety information (MSI) system . 303.8 Automatic identification system (AIS) 313.9 Ship security alert system (SSAS) . 31Part 4 GMDSS equipment carr
14、iage requirements 33Part 5 Operational procedures for the GMDSS 34Part 6 Shore-based SAR communication network and operation 36Part 7 Master Plan for the GMDSS 38Part 8 Maintenance of equipment in the GMDSS 39Annex 1 Regulations of the 1974 SOLAS Convention, as amended, relevant to the GMDSS 41Annex
15、 2 IMO Assembly and MSC resolutions relevant to the GMDSS 109Annex 3 Radio equipment (IMO performance standards and related ITU-R Recommendations) 159Annex 4 Maritime safety information (MSI) 289Annex 5 GMDSS Master Plan (GMDSS.1/Circ. 9) 399Annex 6 MSC Circulars relevant to the GMDSS 585Annex 7 COM
16、 and COMSAR Circulars relevant to the GMDSS 597Annex 8 Articles and appendices of the Radio Regulations relevant to the GMDSS 663GMDSS Manual viiAbbreviationsIn addition to standard SI units, the following abbreviations are used in this publication:CES .coast earth stationCOSPAS .Space System for Se
17、arch of Distress VesselsCSS .co-ordinator surface searchDSC .digital selective callingEGC .enhanced group callELT .emergency locator transmitterEPIRB emergency position-indicating radio beaconGLONASS Global Navigation Satellite SystemGMDSS .global maritime distress and safety systemGPS global positi
18、oning systemHF .high frequencyICAO International Civil Aviation OrganizationIF .intermediate frequencyIFRB .International Frequency Registration BoardIHO .International Hydrographic OrganizationIMO International Maritime OrganizationInmarsat .International Mobile Satellite OrganizationITU Internatio
19、nal Telecommunication UnionITU-R ITU Radiocommunication Sector (former CCIR)ITU-T .ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (former CCITT)LCD liquid-crystal displayLUT local user terminalMCC mission control centreMF .medium frequencyMMSI .Maritime Mobile Service IdentityMSI maritime safety infor
20、mationNBDP narrow-band direct printing (telegraphy)NCC .network control centreNCS .network co-ordination stationOCC operations control centreOSC .on-scene co-ordinatorPLB personal locator beaconRCC .rescue co-ordination centreRF radio-frequencyRR .Radio RegulationsRSC .rescue sub-centreSAR .search a
21、nd rescueSAR Convention International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided TrackingSART .search and rescue radar transponderSES .ship earth stationSOLAS International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amendedSPOC .single point of con
22、tactVDU visual display unitVHF .very high frequencyVTS .vessel tracking systemWMO World Meteorological OrganizationWRC World Radiocommunication ConferenceWWNWS World-Wide Navigational Warning ServicePart 1Introduction1.1 HistorySince its establishment in 1959, the International Maritime Organization
23、 (IMO), in its efforts to enhance safety at sea bythe adoption of the highest practicable standards, has sought to improve the radiocommunication provisions of theInternational Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and to exploit the advances made in radiocommunicationtechnology.The shipb
24、orne radiocommunication equipment prescribed by the 1960 and 1974 SOLAS Conventions consisted ofradiotelegraph equipment for passenger ships of all sizes and cargo ships of 1600 tons gross tonnage and upwards, as wellas radiotelephone equipment for cargo ships of 300 to 1600 tons gross tonnage. The
25、ships so fitted, although they couldreceive a distress alert, could not communicate with each other, and it was not until 1984 that all ships were required tobe able to communicate by means of VHF and MF radiotelephone. The range of transmission on MF was only 150 miles,so for ships beyond this dist
26、ance from the nearest coast station, the system was essentially a ship-to-ship distress system.In 1972, with the assistance of the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) now part of the InternationalTelecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) IMO commenced a study of maritim
27、e satellitecommunications which resulted in the establishment, in 1979, of the Inmarsat organization, thus making available toshipping an international satellite communications system.In 1973 IMO reviewed its policy on the development of the maritime distress system so as to incorporate satellite co
28、m-munications and foresaw the possibility of automatic alerting and transmission of maritime distress and safety information.In 1979 the International Conference on Maritime Search and Rescue adopted the International Convention onMaritime Search and Rescue, 1979 (1979 SAR Convention), the ultimate
29、objective of which is to establish a globalplan for maritime search and rescue (SAR) on a framework of multilateral or bilateral agreements between neighbour-ing states on the provision of SAR services in coastal and adjacent ocean waters to achieve co-operation and mutualsupport in responding to di
30、stress incidents. The Conference also invited IMO to develop a global maritime distressand safety system, including telecommunication provisions, for the effective operation of the search and rescue plan prescribed in the 1979 SAR Convention.The IMO Assembly, at its eleventh session in 1979, conside
31、red the existing arrangements for maritime distress and safetycommunications and decided that a new global maritime distress and safety system should be established to improve dis-tress and safety radiocommunications and procedures. In conjunction with a co-ordinated search and rescue infrastruc-tur
32、e, it would incorporate recent technical developments and significantly improve the safety of life at sea.With the assistance of the ITU, CCIR, other international organizations, notably the World MeteorologicalOrganization (WMO), the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), Inmarsat, and the
33、COSPASSARSAT part-ners, IMO developed and proved the various equipment and techniques used in the global maritime distress and safetysystem (GMDSS). The ITU also established the appropriate regulatory framework for the implementation of the GMDSS.The 1983 and 1987 World Administrative Radio Conferen
34、ces for the Mobile Services (WARC Mob-83 and -87)adopted amendments to the ITU Radio Regulations which prescribe the frequencies, operational procedures and radiopersonnel for the GMDSS.In 1988, the Conference of Contracting Governments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention on the Global MaritimeDistress and
35、 Safety System (GMDSS Conference) adopted amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention concerningradiocommunications for the GMDSS, together with several relevant resolutions. These amendments entered intoforce on 1 February 1992, and the GMDSS was fully implemented on 1 February 1999.1.2 The old system
36、and the need for improvementThe old maritime distress and safety system, as defined in chapter IV of the 1974 SOLAS Convention in force prior to1 February 1992, was based on the requirements that certain classes of ships, when at sea, keep continuous radioGMDSS Manual 1watch on the international dis
37、tress frequencies assigned in accordance with the ITU Radio Regulations and carriedradio equipment capable of transmitting over a minimum specified range. The master of any ship at sea should, onreceiving a signal that a ship, aircraft or survival craft is in distress, proceed with all speed to the
38、assistance of the personsin distress, informing them that he is doing so. Since the minimum specified range of communications provided bythe required shipborne equipment was 100150 nautical miles, assistance to a ship in distress could generally only berendered by other shipping in the vicinity of a
39、n incident, which means that the old system was primarily intended for ship-to-ship operation. However, in accordance with the ITU Radio Regulations, coast stations generally maintained a continuous watch during their service hours on the distress frequencies.The old system included two major manual
40、ly operated subsystems: the Morse telegraphy system on 500 kHz for all cargo ships of 1600 tons gross tonnage and over and all pas-senger ships. Since Morse competence was essential to the operation of this system, a Morse-qualified radioofficer was required on all ships having a radiotelegraph inst
41、allation; the radiotelephony system on 2182kHz and 156.8MHz for all cargo ships of 300tons gross tonnage and overand all passenger ships, which provides common distress communications for all ships subject to the 1974SOLAS Convention.The introduction of newer technology, including satellite and digi
42、tal selective calling techniques, enables a distressalert to be transmitted and received automatically over long range with a significantly higher reliability and withoutthe need for the Morse-qualified radio officer.1.3 Early implementation of GMDSS provisionsThe resolutions of the 1988 GMDSS Confe
43、rence included various recommendations on the early introduction ofGMDSS elements, particularly NAVTEX, satellite EPIRBs and ship earth stations. The automated direct-printingtelegraph system for promulgation of navigational and meteorological warnings and urgent information to ships(NAVTEX) had bee
44、n adopted through Assembly resolution A.617(15) in 1987 and Governments were invited tocommence broadcasts and fit their ships with the equipment. Some Administrations in the European sea area grantedexemptions allowing their ships to sail without a radio officer on condition of carriage of NAVTEX.
45、Carriage ofEmergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs) working on VHF aeronautical frequencies had been intro-duced in 1983 amendments to the SOLAS Convention and the newer satellite EPIRBs required by the GMDSS wererecommended to be accepted as equivalent. Some Administrations granted exem
46、ptions allowing their ships to sailwithout a radio officer on condition of the carriage of an Inmarsat-A ship earth station. The carriage requirements for dig-ital selective calling (DSC) and narrow-band direct printing (NBDP) were initially kept under review but were con-firmed by the thirty-sevent
47、h session of the COM Sub-Committee in 1991. Part B of the 1988 amendments concernedan undertaking by contracting Governments to make available, individually or in co-operation, appropriate shore-basedfacilities for space and terrestrial radiocommunication services. Recommendations on the provision o
48、f radio serviceswere prepared in 1991 (later expanded in resolution A.801(19) in 1995).The GMDSS adopted the Search and Rescue Radar Transponder (SART) for locating, and this device was specifiedto work with radars operating in the 9 GHz frequency band. Since ships radars could operate in other freq
49、uencybands, Assembly resolution A.614(15) was adopted in 1987 recommending Governments to ensure that their shipswere equipped with at least one radar operating in the 9 GHz band. Subsequent changes to chapter V of SOLASmade the carriage of a 9 GHz radar a requirement after 1995.1.4 Implementation 19921999The 1988 amendments to the SOLAS Convention set out the time-frame for installing the GMDSS radio equipment,taking into account system amortization, operational continuity, personnel training, etc. To
