1、 Recommendation ITU-R BO.2098-0 (12/2016) Transmission system for UHDTV satellite broadcasting BO Series Satellite delivery ii Rec. ITU-R BO.2098-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by
2、 all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Confer
3、ences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements an
4、d licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available
5、 online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite serv
6、ices P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and fr
7、equency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2017 ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means what
8、soever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R BO.2098-0 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BO.2098-0 Transmission system for UHDTV satellite broadcasting (Question ITU-R 292/4) (2016) Scope UHDTV broadcasting requires transmission capacity that goes beyond conventional HDTV broadcasting. This Recommenda
9、tion defines a transmission system for UHDTV satellite broadcasting. Keywords UHDTV, satellite broadcasting, transmission capacity, ISDB-S3 Abbreviations/Glossary APSK Amplitude and Phase Shift Keying AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying BCH code Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquengh
10、em code C/N Carrier to Noise Ratio EWS Emergency Warning System FEC Forward Error Correction GF Galois Field IF-loopback Inter Frequency-loopback IP Internet Protocol IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 ISDB-S Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting for Satellite ISDB-
11、S3 Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting for Satellite, 3rd generation LDPC code Low Density Parity Check code LSB Least Significant Bit MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group MMT MPEG Media Transport MSB Most Significant Bit OBO Output Back Off PSK Phase Shift Keying PRBS Pseudo-Random Binary Sequenc
12、e QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying TDM Time Division Multiplexing 2 Rec. ITU-R BO.2098-0 TLV Type Length Value TMCC Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control TS Transport Stream TS_ID Transport Stream Identifier TWTA Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier UHDTV Ultra-High Definition Television Re
13、lated ITU Recommendations, Reports Recommendation ITU-R BO.1408-1 Transmission system for advanced multimedia services provided by integrated services digital broadcasting in a broadcasting-satellite channel Recommendation ITU-R BO.1516-1 Digital multiprogramme television systems for use by satellit
14、es operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency range Recommendation ITU-R BO/BT.1774-2 Use of satellite and terrestrial broadcast infrastructures for public warning, disaster mitigation, and relief Recommendation ITU-R BO.1784-0 Digital satellite broadcasting system with flexible configuration (television,
15、 sound and data) Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020-2 Parameter values for ultra-high definition television systems for production and international programme exchange Recommendation ITU-R BT.2073-0 Use of the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard for UHDTV and HDTV broadcasting Recommendation ITU-
16、R BT.2100-0 Image parameter values for high dynamic range television for use in production and international programme exchange Report ITU-R BO.2397-0 Satellite transmission for UHDTV satellite broadcasting The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that ultra-high definition television (UH
17、DTV)1 broadcasting is expected to be a major media service in the near future; b) that an increase in the transmission capacity is required to achieve UHDTV satellite broadcasting in a single satellite transponder; c) that the recent progress in digital technology allows a very low roll-off factor,
18、highly bandwidth efficient forward error correction (FEC), and modulation schemes such as low density parity check (LDPC) code and amplitude and phase shift keying (APSK); d) that rain attenuation, which differs due to climatic zones, needs to be taken into account in satellite broadcasting systems;
19、 e) that it is appropriate for a system to be robust against satellite transponder nonlinearity; 1 UHDTV is defined in Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020. Rec. ITU-R BO.2098-0 3 f) that it is preferable for a system to accommodate both Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG) transport stream packets and IP pac
20、kets; g) that it is also desirable for a system to allow flexible transmission and multiplexing configurations; h) that it is desirable for a broadcasting system to support an emergency warning system (EWS), in particular for use in earthquake-prone regions, recognizing a) that the digital multiprog
21、ramme television systems for use by satellites are described in Recommendations ITU-R BO.1408 and ITU-R BO.1516; b) that the digital satellite broadcasting system with flexible configurations (television, sound and data) is described in Recommendations ITU-R BO.1784; c) that bit rates for UHDTV and
22、HDTV broadcasting emissions using the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard are described in Recommendation ITU-R BT.2073; d) that the use of satellite and terrestrial broadcasting infrastructures for public warnings, disaster mitigation, and relief is described in Recommendations ITU-R BO/BT
23、.1774, recommends that the ISDB-S3 system specified in ARIB STD-B442 should be used for UHDTV satellite broadcasting (see Note 1 and Note 2). NOTE 1 A description of the recommended system (System F) is summarized in Annex 1, while Annex 2 provides a comparison table of transmission systems for UHDT
24、V satellite broadcasting. NOTE 2 The symbol rate specified in ARIB STD-B44 is an example. The symbol rate of ISDB-S3 can be set flexibly according to the various kinds of satellite transponder bandwidth. 2 ARIB STD-B44 (http:/www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/doc/6-STD-B44v2_0-E1.pdf). 4 Rec. ITU
25、-R BO.2098-0 Annex 1 Technical characteristics of the ISDB-S3 system for UHDTV satellite broadcasting (referred to as System F) Table of Contents Page Annex 1 Technical characteristics of the ISDB-S3 system for UHDTV satellite broadcasting (referred to as System F) . 4 1 Summary of the ISDB-S3 syste
26、m for UHDTV satellite broadcasting . 4 2 Technical specifications of the ISDB-S3 system for UHDTV satellite broadcasting 6 2.1 Block definition 6 2.2 Framing . 7 2.3 Modulated-signal frame configuration . 8 2.4 Forward error correction . 10 2.5 Error correction method for TMCC 11 2.6 Energy dispersa
27、l 11 2.7 Bit Interleaver . 11 2.8 Modulation schemes . 11 2.9 Pilot signal 13 2.10 Roll-off factor . 14 2.11 TMCC signal 14 Annex 2 Comparison table of transmission systems for UHDTV satellite broadcasting . 20 1 Summary of the ISDB-S3 system for UHDTV satellite broadcasting The ISDB-S3 system was d
28、eveloped in Japan for UHDTV satellite broadcasting. The technical features of this system are listed below. UHDTV home reception: considering that 45-cm dish antennas are widely used in Japan, this system provides about 100 Mbit/s through a 34.5 MHz satellite transponder using 16-APSK with an inner
29、coding rate of 7/9 and achieves service availability of 99.5%; Large transmission capacity: The use of a roll-off factor of 0.03, LDPC code, and APSK modulation increases transmission capacity; Rain fade survivability: Hierarchical transmission, in which multiple signals with different modulation sc
30、hemes and inner coding rates are transmitted in a TDM manner, enables signals to be received under strong rain fading conditions; Stable reception even at low C/N: Periodic transmission of a /2 shift binary phase shift keying (BPSK) phase reference burst signal provides carrier phase recovery robust
31、ness under Rec. ITU-R BO.2098-0 5 0.0 dB of C/N. Moreover, utilization of the phase reference burst signal as a payload of TMCC contributes to improving the transmission capacity; Robustness against satellite transponder nonlinearity: The use of a pilot signal provides optimal LDPC decoding even in
32、the presence of nonlinear effects; Transmission of variable length packets: The use of type-length-value (TLV) as an input signal format enables IP packets like IPv4 or IPv6 to be sent through satellite channels; Functional transmission control: The use of 9422-bit Transmission and Multiplexing Conf
33、iguration Control (TMCC) assignment provides versatile transmission control. Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control can send various transmission control signals, including those for controlling the modulation scheme, coding rate, and input signal format (MPEG-2 TS or TLV), as well as t
34、hose for identifying and managing multiple input signals, starting the Emergency Warning System (EWS), and informing the satellite-transponder operating point. The technical specifications for ISDB-S3 are listed in Table 1. This system uses LDPC code as an inner code because this code has excellent
35、error correction. /2-shift BPSK, QPSK, and 8PSK are mainly used for the saturated Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier (TWTA) in the satellite transponder. 16-APSK and 32-APSK are supported as ways of increasing the channel capacity. In addition, a pilot signal has been introduced to enable optimal LDPC de
36、coding even in the presence of nonlinear effects, especially when considering that deterioration can easily occur in APSK due to the nonlinear characteristics of TWTA. Furthermore, a roll-off factor of 0.03 is used to achieve steep filter characteristics and enable the use of an even higher symbol r
37、ate. This system supports multiple Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) combinations of modulations and inner coding rates and can offer wide ranges of transmission capacity and service availability. Moreover, TMCC can convey signals for identifying the boundaries of the TLV packets, which can be used t
38、o send variable-length IP packets. 6 Rec. ITU-R BO.2098-0 TABLE 1 Technical specifications of ISDB-S3 system Item Description Input signal format MPEG-2 TS, TLV Modulation scheme /2-shift BPSK, QPSK, 8-PSK, 16-APSK, and 32-APSK Transmission control TMCC Forward error correction Inner code LDPC code(
39、code length: 44880) Coding rate 1/3 (41/120), 2/5 (49/120), 1/2 (61/120), 3/5 (73/120), 2/3 (81/120), 3/4 (89/120), 7/9 (93/120), 4/5 (97/120), 5/6 (101/120), 7/8(105/120), 9/10 (109/120) (nominal value (true value) Outer code BCH (65535, 65343, T = 12) shortened code TMCC Modulation scheme /2-shift
40、 BPSK Inner code LDPC (31680,9614) LDPC (44880, 22184) shortened code Outer code BCH (9614,9422), BCH (65535,65343) shortened code Control unit Transmission control in units of slots TDM frame structure 120 slots per frame Symbol rate Not specified. The symbol rate of ISDB-S3 can be set according to
41、 the various kinds of satellite transponder bandwidth flexibly. Roll-off factor 0.03 Nonlinear compensation signal Pilot signal, which can transmit unique word sequence by using same modulation scheme as that for input signal. Averaged pilot signal was used on receiver side for reference point of LD
42、PC decoding. 2 Technical specifications of the ISDB-S3 system for UHDTV satellite broadcasting 2.1 Block definition The general configuration of ISDB-S3 is shown in Fig. 1. The system handles MPEG-2 transport stream (TS) and type-length-value (TLV) streams (TS1, TS2, , TSn, TLV1, TLV2, , TLVm) as ma
43、in signals (upper part of Fig. 1), as well as transmission parameters for transmitting each stream (TMCC1, TMCC2, ,TMCCk), and it generates a TMCC signal on the basis of those transmission parameters (lower part of Fig. 1). Frames are configured on the basis of the TMCC signal, and the main signal a
44、nd TMCC signal are processed in frame units. Each frame has 120 slots, and each slot is of the same length as the LDPC code. After the frame configuration, the main signal is processed in steps that include outer-code coding, energy dispersal, and inner-code coding, and in the case of the 8-PSK, 16-
45、APSK, or 32-APSK modulation scheme, bit interleaving. With the exception of bit interleaving, the TMCC signal is also processed in a similar manner. In addition to these signals, a synchronization signal (for frame synchronization and slot synchronization) and an energy-dispersed pilot signal, whose
46、 modulation scheme is the same as that of the main signal, are generated. The above signals are then mapped to the designated constellation and the modulation framing is processed in a TDM manner. Rec. ITU-R BO.2098-0 7 FIGURE 1 General configuration of the ISDB-S3 system B O . 2 0 9 8 - 0 1.F r a m
47、 i ngO ut e r c od e rB C H c od eE ne r gy di s pe r s a l I nn e r c od e rL D P C c od eB i t i nt e r l e a ve rB i t i nt oc on s t e l l a t i ona ndm od ul a t e ds i gn a lf r a m i ngT MCCs i g n al i n gT S 1T S 2T S nT L V 1T L V 2T L V mT M C C 1T M C C 2T M C C kO ut e r c od e rB C H c
48、 od eE ne r gy di s pe r s a l I nn e r c od e rL D P C c od eP i l ot s i gn a l i ngS yn c s i gn a l i ngE ne r gy di s pe r s a lT M C C s i gn a lM a i n s i gn a l / 2- s hi f t B P S K , Q P S KR ol l - of ff i l t e r i nga ndqu a dr a t ur em od ul a t i on8- P S K ,16 - A P S K , 3 2- A P
49、S K2.2 Framing 2.2.1 Main-signal frame configuration The frame configuration for the main signal is shown in Fig. 2. This multiplexed frame consists of 120 slots, each consisting of a header, data, BCH parity bits, stuffing bits, and LDPC parity bits. Here, MPEG-2 TS or TLV packets are arranged in the data area, and in the case of MPEG-2 TS packets, 187-byte packets, excluding the synchronization byte (0x47) at the front of each packet, are sequentially arranged in the data area of each slot. The BCH parity bits are calculated for the header and dat
