1、 Report ITU-R SA.2192 (10/2010) Compatibility between the space research service (Earth-to-space) and the non-GSO-to-non-GSO systems on the inter-satelllite service in the band 22.55-23.55 GHz SA Series Space applications and meteorology ii Rep. ITU-R SA.2192 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunicat
2、ion Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and
3、 policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/
4、ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/
5、IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasti
6、ng service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satell
7、ite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2011 ITU 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means wh
8、atsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rep. ITU-R SA.2192 1 REPORT ITU-R SA.2192 Compatibility between the space research service (Earth-to-space) and the non-GSO-to-non-GSO systems on the inter-satellite service in the band 22.55-23.55 GHz (2010) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 5 2 Char
9、acteristics of the SRS earth station emissions . 5 2.1 In-band characteristics 5 2.2 Out-of-band characteristics . 6 3 Assumed characteristics for the HIBLEO-2/Ka system . 7 3.1 Non-GSO-to-non-GSO ISL characteristics of HIBLEO-2 type system . 7 3.2 Antenna characteristics of HIBLEO-2 type system 9 3
10、.3 Protection criteria 10 4 Summary of analysis methodology and results 10 4.1 Summary for Study 1 11 4.2 Summary for Study 2 11 4.3 Summary for Study 3 12 4.4 Summary for Study 4 13 4.5 Summary for Study 5 13 4.6 Summary for Study 6 14 4.7 Summary for Study 7 16 5 Comparison of study results . 17 A
11、nnex 1 Summary of Study 1 . 18 1 System descriptions 18 1.1 SRS (Earth-to-space) system characteristics 18 1.2 HIBLEO-2 ISS (s-s) characteristics 20 2 Interference assessment 20 3 Interference protection criteria . 20 2 Rep. ITU-R SA.2192 Page 4 Interference analysis . 21 4.1 Step-by-step simulation
12、 21 4.2 Simulation assessment of interference 21 5 Simulation results . 21 6 Conclusion 22 Annex 2 Summary of Study 2 . 23 1 System characteristics 23 1.1 SRS earth station and mission satellite characteristics . 23 1.2 HIBLEO-2 system characteristics 24 2 Analysis method and results . 24 2.1 Config
13、uration for computer simulation 24 2.2 In-band sharing study . 24 2.3 Out-of-band sharing study 27 3 Conclusions 27 Annex 3 Summary of Study 3 . 27 1 Characteristics of potential SRS systems . 27 2 Assumed characteristics for the HIBLEO-2/Ka system . 28 3 Assessment of interference to the HIBLEO-2/K
14、a satellite system. 28 3.1 In-band assessment of interference to HIBLEO-Ka satellite system . 30 3.2 Out-of-band assessment of interference to HIBLEO-2 satellite system . 30 4 Summary and technical discussions . 31 5 Conclusions 33 Annex 4 Summary of Study 4 . 34 1 HIBLEO-2 ISL characteristics . 34
15、2 SRS earth station characteristics 34 3 Simulation and results 34 4 Conclusion 39 Rep. ITU-R SA.2192 3 Page Annex 5 Summary of Study 5 40 1 Introduction 40 PART I Scenarios and simulations description. 41 2 Interference scenario of the space research service transmissions to the Moon into space-to-
16、space links of the inter-satellite service . 41 2.1 The Earth 42 2.2 The near-Earth satellite constellation . 42 2.3 Maximum PSD, dB(W/Hz), interference allowed by HIBLEO-2 inter-satellite links . 43 2.4 The Moon 43 3 SRS ES interference into HIBLEO-2 forward-links The simulation 44 3.1 Omnidirectio
17、nal transmissions; SRS ES antenna gain limits in the forward-links scenario 44 3.2 HIBLEO-2 antenna gain limits in the forward-links scenario 44 3.3 Optimum time increment (t) for simulations of the forward-links scenario 45 3.4 Long-term interference of SRS ES transmissions into HIBLEO-2 constellat
18、ion 46 3.5 Availability of forward-links 48 4 SRS ES interference into HIBLEO-2 cross-links The simulation . 48 4.1 Omnidirectional transmissions; SRS ES antenna gain limits in the cross-links scenario . 48 4.2 Long-term interference of SRS ES transmissions into the cross-links of the HIBLEO-2 const
19、ellation . 49 4.3 Part I conclusions 50 PART II In-band sharing simulation results for the Moon scenario . 51 5 Introduction 51 6 Interference events on the Moon scenario as a function of I/N0 . 51 6.1 Worst-case full constellation availability of HIBLEO-2 forward-links under SRS ES transmissions to
20、 the Moon 52 6.2 Part II, Moon scenario, conclusions . 55 4 Rep. ITU-R SA.2192 Page Annex 6 Summary of Study 6 . 55 1 Introduction 55 2 Interference calculations . 57 3 Numerical results 58 3.1 Scenario 1 . 59 3.2 Scenario 2 . 62 3.3 Scenario 3 . 64 3.4 Scenario 4 . 65 3.5 Scenario 5 . 66 3.6 Effect
21、 of the SRS earth station antenna size . 67 3.7 Effect of the number of SRS earth stations 70 4 Conclusion 72 Annex 7 Summary of Study 7 . 73 1 Analysis methodology 73 1.1 In-band 73 1.2 Out-of-band . 73 2 Results for sharing with space stations in the inter-satellite service 74 2.1 Statistical inte
22、rference to a non-GSO-to-non-GSO inter-satellite links HIBLEO-2 type system 74 2.2 In-band case 74 2.3 Out-of-band case . 75 3 Verification results . 77 3.1 In-band case 77 3.2 Out-of-band cases . 77 3.3 Verification summary . 78 4 Conclusions 78 Rep. ITU-R SA.2192 5 1 Introduction This Report addre
23、sses compatibility between space research service mission and inter-satellite service links of HIBLEO-2-type satellite systems. It is envisioned that primarily three types of space missions would be supported by SRS earth station transmissions in the 22.55-23.15 GHz band: 1. low-Earth orbiting scien
24、tific satellites; 2. manned and unmanned Lunar exploration missions; 3. scientific missions using satellites located in the vicinity of the Sun-Earth L1 and L2 Lagrangian points. Data transmissions in the space-to-Earth direction for these types of missions are either currently operational or are pl
25、anned to be operational in the 25.25-27.5 GHz band a band allocated for both space-to-Earth and space-to-space transmissions to data relay satellites. Data relay satellites, which are operated by several administrations (Recs ITU-R SA.1018 and ITU-R SA.1414), use the 22.55-23.55 GHz band for forward
26、 inter-orbit links and the 25.25-27.5 GHz band for return inter-orbit links to near-earth orbiting user satellites. The purpose of WRC-12 Agenda item 1.11 is to add an Earth-to-space allocation in the 22.55-23.15 GHz band segment to complement the existing space-to-space and space-to-Earth allocatio
27、ns. The Earth-to-space allocation will add the capability to support near-Earth missions using similar, if not identical technology, onboard the user satellite. The 22.55-23.15 GHz band will be used for both command and control of the user satellite and, in addition, for manned missions voice/video
28、communication with the Earth. The number of SRS earth stations transmitting in the 22.55-23.15 GHz band will be small. Rather than building new SRS earth stations, upgrading selected existing SRS earth stations will predominate. Selecting which SRS earth stations to upgrade will be based on a number
29、 of factors, including the type of mission to be supported. The maximum number of SRS earth stations capable of supporting Lunar and/or L2 missions is not expected to exceed eight or nine on a global basis. A similar number of SRS earth stations may support LEO missions, also on a global basis. Thes
30、e earth stations are typically located in rural, isolated areas at mid-latitudes. Analyses have been performed to determine the criteria for transmitting earth stations in the space research service (SRS) to share with stations in the inter-satellite (non-GSO-to-non-GSO) service in the 22.55-23.55 G
31、Hz band. Analysed is the compatibility of SRS earth stations supporting typical types of space research missions in the Earth-to-space direction in the 23 GHz band. These uplinks are to an SRS satellite in low-Earth orbit; in an orbit around the Moon or on the surface of the Moon; and, in a halo orb
32、it around the L2 Lagrange point. Only the Lunar case is analyzed below because this interference case was shown to be the most severe among the three SRS mission types. These analyses are presented in the following sections. 2 Characteristics of the SRS earth station emissions Analysis is performed
33、for interference for both the in-band case and the out-of-band (OoB) case. Both are described below. 2.1 In-band characteristics The representative characteristics of the SRS earth station emissions in the 23 GHz band and the orbital and receiving characteristics of the mission satellites are summar
34、ized in Recommendation ITU-R SA.1882. The characteristics are based on typical 18 m diameter SRS earth stations antennas located at three sites around the world that will support lunar space research missions. The sites 6 Rep. ITU-R SA.2192 chosen are the three NASA deep space ground station locatio
35、ns in Goldstone, (USA), Madrid (Spain) and Canberra (Australia), as well as the three ESA sites in Cebreros (Spain), New Norcia (Australia) and Malargue (Argentina). The Radio Regulations permit SRS earth station operations down to elevation angles of 5 which is usually the case for single station o
36、perations. It may be noted that actual operations involving three earth stations around the globe are conducted such that a spacecraft is handed over from one earth station to another at typical elevation angles between 15 and 25. 2.2 Out-of-band characteristics Out-of-band (OoB) emissions for the L
37、unar case only are also analyzed. Table 1 summarizes the parameters used. For these studies, it was assumed that at least six agencies will operate these links, based on discussions amongst several space agencies in various forums, including SFCG (Space Frequency Coordination Group), and in coordina
38、tion meetings with these agencies. One 24 MHz carrier and three 12 MHz carriers have been assumed for each of the six space agencies missions as a representative future lunar mission scenario. Instead of three 12 MHz carriers, it may also be possible to consider an additional 24 MHz carrier and one
39、or two channels with lower bandwidths. It was assumed that NASA will operate the same set of channels from each of the three stations in the deep-space network and that the other agencies will use a single station. The frequency plan needs to take into account 60 MHz DRS channel spacing plans. Howev
40、er, in order to demonstrate the worst-case interference scenario with HIBLEO-2 (i.e. highest possible frequencies used), the analysis does not factor in DRS channel spacing plans. Instead the NASA 24 MHz carrier is placed at the upper edge of the 22.55-23.15 GHz band, and the other carriers are plac
41、ed on lower frequency adjacent channels, each having a 5 MHz guardband. Each carrier has the same antenna size and power-spectral density (PSD) as in the single-entry case. The values in the final column (OoB Aggregate PSD) have been calculated by summing the individual OoB PSD values for the four c
42、arriers for each agency, since they potentially could all transmit simultaneously from the same earth station. TABLE 1 Summary of the aggregate SRS earth stations parameters A ge nc yE arth S tat i on Lo c ati on ( s )Lo w er F r eq ( MHz )Uppe r Fr eq ( MHz )P S D ( dB W /Hz )(1)P ow er ( dB W )Del
43、 ta F r eq ( MHz )Nor m al i z ed Del ta F r eq O O B /A tte n ( dB )(2)(4)O O B /P S D ( dB W /Hz )(3)(4)O O B /A gg r eg ate P S D ( dB W /Hz )(4)23126 23150 - 59 .7 11.1 45 187.5 34.5 - 94 .223109 23121 - 59 .7 8.1 68 566.7 42.0 - 10 1.723092 23104 - 59 .7 8.1 85 708.3 42.0 - 10 1.723075 23087 -
44、59 .7 8.1 102 850.0 42.0 - 10 1.723046 23070 - 59 .7 11.1 125 520.8 42.0 - 10 1.723029 23041 - 59 .7 8.1 148 1233.3 42.0 - 10 1.723012 23024 - 59 .7 8.1 165 1375.0 42.0 - 10 1.722995 23007 - 59 .7 8.1 182 1516.7 42.0 - 10 1.722966 22990 - 59 .7 11.1 205 854.2 42.0 - 10 1.722949 22961 - 59 .7 8.1 228
45、 1900.0 42.0 - 10 1.722932 22944 - 59 .7 8.1 245 2041.7 42.0 - 10 1.722915 22927 - 59 .7 8.1 262 2183.3 42.0 - 10 1.722886 22910 - 59 .7 11.1 285 1187.5 42.0 - 10 1.722869 22881 - 59 .7 8.1 308 2566.7 42.0 - 10 1.722852 22864 - 59 .7 8.1 325 2708.3 42.0 - 10 1.722835 22847 - 59 .7 8.1 342 2850.0 42.
46、0 - 10 1.722806 22830 - 59 .7 11.1 365 1520.8 42.0 - 10 1.722789 22801 - 59 .7 8.1 388 3233.3 42.0 - 10 1.722772 22784 - 59 .7 8.1 405 3375.0 42.0 - 10 1.722755 22767 - 59 .7 8.1 422 3516.7 42.0 - 10 1.722726 22750 - 59 .7 11.1 445 1854.2 42.0 - 10 1.722709 22721 - 59 .7 8.1 468 3900.0 42.0 - 10 1.7
47、22692 22704 - 59 .7 8.1 485 4041.7 42.0 - 10 1.722675 22687 - 59 .7 8.1 502 4183.3 42.0 - 10 1.7NA S AG ol ds ton e, CAMa drid , S pa i nCanb err a, A us- 92 .3J A X A Us ud a, J ap an - 95 .7RF S AE CDSA , ( S ou thw es t) Rus s i a- 95 .7IS RO B an ga l ore, In di a - 95 .7CNSA W ei na n, Chi na -
48、 95 .7DLRNeus tr el i tz , G erm an y- 95 .7Rep. ITU-R SA.2192 7 Notes relating to Table 1: (1) Power-spectral density in-band. (2) Single carrier OoB attenuation at 23.183 GHz assuming 5 of Annex 5 of Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541. (3) Single carrier OoB power-spectral density at 23.183 GHz assuming
49、 5 of Annex 5 of Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541. (4) NOTE 1 Annex 5 of Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541 specifies out-of-band emissions limits, and can be applied to antennas transmitting in both single-carrier mode and multi-carrier mode. Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541 is applicable to the space research service in the range 1-20 GHz. These attenuation figures are derived assuming that a single SRS carrier is transmitted, and that the mask can be applied slightly above 20 GHz. Wider SRS carriers may cause high
