1、 Rep. ITU-R SM.2048 1 REPORT ITU-R SM.2048 Use of the x dB bandwidth criterion for determination of spectral properties of a transmitter in the out-of-band domain (2004) 1 Description of the approach 1.1 A method, used by some administrations, is described for specifying and measuring the following
2、spectral properties of transmitters in the out-of-band (OoB) domain ( 1.2 of Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541 refers): the bandwidth of a transmitter emission beyond which OoB emission begins, and OoB emissions as such. 1.2 The transmitter spectral properties indicated in 1.1 are specified and measured
3、on the basis of a single criterion: the x dB bandwidth ( 1.14 of Recommendation ITU-R SM.328 refers). 1.3 The bandwidth of a transmitter emission is specified and measured on the basis of 30 dB occupied bandwidth, Bc. 1.4 OoB emissions are specified and measured using values of bandwidths of their s
4、pectra obtained at the 40 dB (B40), 50 dB (B50) and 60 dB (B60) levels, and additionally at 35 dB (B35) level for certain classes of emissions, and they are compared with relevant value for the 30 dB occupied bandwidth, Bc, and through it with the necessary bandwidth, Bn. 1.5 For certain classes of
5、radar emissions only OoB bandwidths starting from B40are given as the only available at the moment. On the other hand, for some classes of radar emissions bandwidths of in-band spectra at level 20 dB (B20) are additionally presented for better characterization of spectral properties of emissions in
6、border area between in-band and OoB spectra. In other separate cases other x dB levels are also used for the same purpose. 1.6 Data of Tables 1-3 can be also used for purposes of radio monitoring by procedures given in Recommendation ITU-R SM.443. 2 Terms and definitions Terms and definitions used h
7、erein are those given in the Radio Regulations (RR) and in Recommendation ITU-R SM.328. 3 Emission classes Classes of emissions are provided in RR Appendix 1. 4 Requirements concerning 30 dB occupied bandwidth and OoB emissions 4.1 The basis for specifying 30 dB bandwidth and OoB emissions is the ne
8、cessary bandwidth, Bn; it is determined using the formulas in Table 1 based on values given in Recommendations ITU-R SM.328, ITU-R SM.853 and ITU-R SM.1138. In calculating the necessary bandwidth, the modulation parameters provided in these requirements for the class of emission and transmitter type
9、 in question must be used. Symbols and abbreviations for types of modulation in this Report are 2 Rep. ITU-R SM.2048 explained in Annex 5. The figures, units and remarks in Table 1 are based on the experience of the administrations mentioned in 1. 4.2 The requirements concerning bandwidths of emissi
10、ons are determined using the formulas in Table 1 and correspond to the values of 30 dB bandwidth, Bc, specified and measured with respect to the defined 0 dB (reference) level. 4.3 The requirements concerning OoB emissions are given in the form of bandwidths of their spectra at fixed x dB levels, wh
11、ere x values are 35, 40, 50 and 60 dB (and corresponding bandwidths are 35, 40, 50and 60) with respect to the defined 0 dB (reference) level. Section 5.27 explains how the reference level is determined. The formulas in Table 1 are used to specify bandwidth values at those x dB levels. By joining poi
12、nts having as their ordinate the dB levels and as their abscissa the logarithm of the frequency separation from the carrier, a limiting mask for emissions in the OoB domain can be obtained. 4.4 It can be also required that measured values of the 30 dB bandwidth and of bandwidths of OoB spectra, as d
13、efined in 4.3, should not exceed the specified values of those parameters by more than 10%; this figure includes the measurement uncertainty associated with the method described in 5. 4.5 The requirements concerning OoB emissions of HF transmitters on board aircraft operating in the classes of emiss
14、ions H2BBN, H3EJN, J3EJN, J7BCF and JXX-(1)are listed in Table 2. 4.6 The requirements concerning OoB emissions of transmitters of the maritime mobile service operating in the classes of emissions H2BBN, H3EJN, J3EJN and R3EJN are given in Table 3. (1)Hyphens are used to indicate unused additional p
15、arameters in the designation of the class of emissions (see Annex 5). Rep. ITU-R SM.2048 3 TABLE 1 Calculation of 30 dB bandwidth and bandwidths of OoB spectra Calculation of: Class of emission Additional characteristics Necessary bandwidth Bn(Hz) 30 dB occupied bandwidth, Bc, and bandwidths of OoB
16、spectra (Hz) Remarks 1. Amplitude modulation 1. Signal with quantized or digital information Transmitters in the mobile service Transmitters in the land and maritime mobile service 100 W Bn = Kfade Kfade= 5 for links with fading Kfade= 3 for links without fading Bc30= Bn40 = 1.3Bc50 = 1.6Bc60 = 2Bc
17、Transmitters in the land and maritime mobile service 100 W Bn = 5 Bc30= 7 Bc = 1.4Bn40 = 1.86BcThe coefficient Kfadeis determined in the technical instructions for various types of transmitter, depending on transmitter function and the frequency band used Telegraphy, continuous wave A1AAN, A1BBN Air
18、craft transmitters in the aeronautical mobile service Bn = 5 Bc30= 7 Bc = 1.4Bn40 = 1.86Bc50= 3.3Bc60= 5.8BcRequirements apply for manipulation speeds below 20 baud; for speeds above 20 baud limits are introduced in consultation with the customer Bn = 5B Bc30= 1.4 Bn= 7B 40= 1.4Bc50= 2.5Bc60= 4.5Bc2
19、5= BnBinary amplitude-shifted carrier A1D Radio link Bn = KfadeB Kfade= 3 for links without fading Kfade= 5 for links with fading Bc30 = 1.05Bn40= 1.3Bc50= 1.6Bc60= 2BcVoice-frequency telegraphy A2AAN, A2BBN Bn = 2FU+ 5 Bc30= 2FU+ 6.8 40 = 2FU+ 13 4 Rep. ITU-R SM.2048 TABLE 1 (continued) Calculation
20、 of: Class of emission Additional characteristics Necessary bandwidth Bn(Hz) 30 dB occupied bandwidth, Bc, and bandwidths of OoB spectra (Hz) Remarks Multichannel telegraphy A7B, A7D Bn = 2chBc30= Bn40= 1.3Bc50= 1.6Bc60= 2BcBn = 2FU + 5 Bc30 = Bn40 = 1.25Bc50 = 1.55Bc60 = 2BcVoice-frequency telegrap
21、hy, single sideband, full carrier H2BBN H2BFN Selective calling signal using sequential single-frequency code Bn = FUBc30= Bn40 = 1.25Bc50 = 1.55Bc60 = 2BcDoes not apply to transmitters of the aeronautical and maritime mobile service, the requirements for which are given in Tables 2 and 3 respective
22、ly Single-sideband telegraphy, suppressed carrier J2A-(1) Bn = 5 Bc30= Bn40 = 1.3Bc60 = 2BcNarrow-band voice-frequency telegraphy J2B, J2D Maritime mobile service NBPM Bn = 1.1B Bc30= 2.5 40= 2Bc50= 2.8Bc60= 3.6BcBn = 5 Bc30= Bn40= 1.3Bc50= 1.6Bc60= 2BcVoice-frequency telegraphy, single sideband, su
23、ppressed carrier J2BBN Secondary multiplexing of channel formed by single-sideband transmitter with suppressed carrier and voice packets on 1 kHz or 1.6 kHz subcarrier Bn = 5 Bc30= 1.36Bn= 6.8B 40= 1.9BcApplies to transmitters in the land mobile service 100 W Rep. ITU-R SM.2048 5 TABLE 1 (continued)
24、 Calculation of: Class of emission Additional characteristics Necessary bandwidth Bn(Hz) 30 dB occupied bandwidth, Bc, and bandwidths of OoB spectra (Hz) Remarks Voice-frequency telegraphy, single sideband, suppressed carrier J2BBN 2-position code without error correction, transmitters in the land m
25、obile service 100 W Bn = 5 Bc30= 1.36Bn = 6.8 40 = 1.25BcBn = 5 Bc30= Bn40 = 1.3Bc50 = 1.6Bc60 = 2BcVoice-frequency telegraphy, single sideband, suppressed carrier J2BCN 2-position code with error correction, transmitters in the land mobile service Bn = 5 Bc = 1.36Bn= 6.8 40 = 1.9BcApplies to transm
26、itters in the land mobile service 100 W Multichannel voice-frequency telegraphy, single sideband, reduced carrier R7BCF, R7BCN, R7DCN Bn = FU, where FUis the upper frequency of the SSB channel Bc = 1.2Bn = 1.2FU40 = 1.75Bc50 = 3.33Bc60 = 5.75BcMultichannel voice-frequency telegraphy, single sideband
27、, suppressed carrier J7BCF Bn = Fuc Flc, where: Fuc: upper frequency of the SSB channel Flc: lower frequency SSB channel Bc = 1.2Bn= 1.2(Fuc Flc) 40 = 1.75Bc50 = 3.33Bc60 = 5.75BcNarrow-band voice-frequency telegraphy J7B Maritime mobile service NBPM Bn = 1.1B Bc= 2.3Bn = 2.5 40= 2Bc50= 2.8Bc60= 3.6
28、BcMultichannel telegraphy J7B Excludes transmitters in the maritime mobile service Bn = Fuc FlcBc= 1.4Bn40=1.6Bc50= 2.2Bc60= 2.9Bc6 Rep. ITU-R SM.2048 TABLE 1 (continued) Calculation of: Class of emission Additional characteristics Necessary bandwidth Bn(Hz) 30 dB occupied bandwidth, Bc, and bandwid
29、ths of OoB spectra (Hz) Remarks 1.B Telephony (not sound broadcasting) Telephony, double-sideband, single-channel A3EJN Transmitters in the mobile service without frequency response correction Bn= 2FUBc= 1.9Bn= 3.8FU40= 1.74Bc50= 3.16Bc60= 5.53BcTransmitters in the mobile service with frequency resp
30、onse correction and transmitters in the mobile service Bn= 2FUBc= 2.5Bn= 5FU40= 1.8Bc50= 3.12Bc60= 5.52BcAircraft transmitters in the aeronautical mobile service Bn= 2FUBc= 2.5Bn= 5FU40= 1.8Bc50= 3.2Bc60= 5.6BcTelephony, single sideband, full carrier H3EJN Reduced carrier R3EJN Transmitters in the m
31、obile service Bn= FUBc= 1.15Bn= 1.15FU35= 1.09Bc40= 1.39Bc50= 2.52Bc60= 4.7BcTransmitters in the land mobile service 100 W Bn= FUBc= 1.2Bn= 1.2FU40= 1.75Bc50= 3.33Bc 60= 5.75BcTelephony, single sideband, full carrier H3EJN Reduced carrier R3EJN Transmitters in the land mobile service 100 W Bn= FUBc=
32、 1.8Bn= 1.8FU40= 1.9Bc50= 3.33Bc60= 6.11BcRep. ITU-R SM.2048 7 TABLE 1 (continued) Calculation of: Class of emission Additional characteristics Necessary bandwidth Bn(Hz) 30 dB occupied bandwidth, Bc, and bandwidths of OoB spectra (Hz) Remarks Two or more telephony channels with frequency multiplexi
33、ng A8EJN Radio links in the fixed service Bn= 2FUFU: upper frequency of the group band Bc= 5FU= 2.5Bn40= 1.8Bc50= 3.2Bc60= 5.6BcTwo or more telephony channels combining different types of transmission 8W Television relay Bn= 2Fsc + 2FU + 2D Bc= 2.5Bn40= 1.8Bc50= 3.2Bc60= 5.6BcTransmitters in the mob
34、ile service Bn= Fuc FlcBc= 1.15Bn= 1.15(Fuc Flc) 35= 1.09Bc40= 1.39Bc50= 2.52Bc60= = 4.7BcTelephony, single sideband, suppressed carrier J3EJN Transmitters in the land and maritime mobile service 100 W Bn= Fuc FlcBc= 1.2Bn= 1.2(Fuc Flc) 40= 1.91Bc50= 3.33Bc60= 5.75BcTransmitters in the land and mari
35、time mobile service 100 W Bn= Fuc FlcBc= 1.8Bn= 1.8(Fuc Flc) 40= 1.9Bc50= 3.3Bc60= 6.1BcTelephony in two independent bands Bn = 2FUBc = 1.05Bn = 2.1FU40 = 1.43Bc50 = 2.57Bc60 = 4.67BcTelephony, transmission in independent sidebands, reduced or suppressed carrier B8EJN Telephony in four independent b
36、ands Bn = 4FUBc = 1.05Bn = 4.2FU40 = 1.43Bc50 = 2.57Bc60 = 4.67Bc8 Rep. ITU-R SM.2048 TABLE 1 (continued) Calculation of: Class of emission Additional characteristics Necessary bandwidth Bn(Hz) 30 dB occupied bandwidth, Bc, and bandwidths of OoB spectra (Hz) Remarks Telephony, transmission in indepe
37、ndent bands 9WWF Bn= Np FU, where Np is the number of independent bands Bc = 1.8Bn40= 1.2Bc50= 2.2Bc60= 3.7BcTwo or more channels, single sideband J8EKF Telephony with privacy Bn = Np(Fuc Flc), where Np is the number of independent frequency bands Bc = 1.2Bn40 = 1.83Bc50= 3.33Bc60 = 5.83Bc1.C Sound
38、broadcasting Sound broadcasting, double-sideband A3EGN Bn = 2FucBc = 1.2Bn = 2.4 Fuc40 = 1.13Bc50 = 2.42Bc60 = 2.75BcSound broadcasting, single sideband, reduced carrier R3EGN Bn = FucBc = 1.15Bn = 1.15 Fuc40 = 1.22Bc50 = 2.09Bc60 = 3.83BcSound broadcasting, single sideband, suppressed carrier J3EGN
39、 Bn = Fuc FlcBc= 1.15Bn40= 1.22Bc50= 2.09Bc60= 3.83BcSound broadcasting, transmission in independent sidebands, reduced or suppressed carrier B8EGN Bn= 2FucBc= 1.05Bn= 2.1Fuc40= 1.43Bc50= 2.57Bc60= 4.29BcRep. ITU-R SM.2048 9 TABLE 1 (continued) Calculation of: Class of emission Additional characteri
40、stics Necessary bandwidth Bn(Hz) 30 dB occupied bandwidth, Bc, and bandwidths of OoB spectra (Hz) Remarks Single-sideband broadcasting H3EGN, J3EGN Bn= Fuc FlcBc= 1.15 Bn40= 1.22 Bc50= 2.1 Bc60= 3.83 Bc1.D Facsimile Facsimile with carrier modulation, frequency-modulated subcarrier, double-sideband 3
41、-(1) Bn = 2Fsc + 3FU, where Fscis the subcarrier frequency Bc = Bn35 = Bn + 2FUFacsimile with carrier modulation, frequency-modulated subcarrier, single sideband, reduced carrier R3C, R3CMN Bn = Fsc + 1.5FUBc = Bn + FU = Fsc + 2.5FU40 = Bc + FU50 = Bc + 2FU60 = Bc + 3FU1.E Composite emissions Compos
42、ite emissions in two independent bands, suppressed or reduced carrier B9WWX One sideband for SSB telephony, the other for multichannel voice-frequency telegraphy Bn = 2FUor Bn = 2ch, where chis the overall channel speed Bc = 1.1BnBc = 2.2ch40 = 1.8Bc50 = 3.36Bc60 = 5.8BcBnif upper frequency FUof SSB
43、 channel greater than voice-frequency telegraphy speed; otherwise, chis used in place of Bn10 Rep. ITU-R SM.2048 TABLE 1 (continued) Calculation of: Class of emission Additional characteristics Necessary bandwidth Bn(Hz) 30 dB occupied bandwidth, Bc, and bandwidths of OoB spectra (Hz) Remarks 2. Fre
44、quency modulation 2.A Telegraphy Frequency-shift telegraphy, single-channel F1B, F1D Bn= 2.4Bmfor 0.5 mp 1.3 50= (8.4mp + 4.4)FUfor 0.25 mp 1.3 50= (8.4mp + 6)FUfor mp 1.3 60= (9mp + 6)FUfor 0.25 mp 1.3 60= (8.8mp + 8)FUfor mp 1.3 mp= D/3FU2.C Sound and television broadcasting Sound broadcasting (mo
45、naural) F3EGN D = 50 kHz, D = 75 kHz Bn= 2FU + 2D for 1 mp 1.7 Bc= (6.7mp+ 2)FU40= (7.8mp + 3)FU50= (8.4mp + 4.4)FU60= (9mp + 6)FUfor 1 mp 1.7 mp= D/3FU12 Rep. ITU-R SM.2048 TABLE 1 (continued) Calculation of: Class of emission Additional characteristics Necessary bandwidth Bn(Hz) 30 dB occupied ban
46、dwidth, Bc, and bandwidths of OoB spectra (Hz) Remarks Television transmission with FM F3FM, F3FN, F3FW Bn= 2FU + 2D Bc= 1.2Bn= 2.4FU + 2.4D B60= 1.67BcSound broadcasting (stereo channel) F8EHN D = 50 kHz, D = 75 kHz Bn= 2.4FU + 2.4D for 0.3 mp 1.7 Bc= (8mp + 2.4)FU40= (9.36mp + 3.6)FU50= (10mp + 5.
47、28)FU60= (10.8mp + 7.2)FUfor 0.3 mp 1.7 mp= D/3FUSound broadcasting, FM F8E, F9E, F9W 2FU + 2D Sound broadcasting with subsidiary channel F8EHF D = 75 kHz Bn= 2FU + 2D for 0.3 mp 0.5 Bc= 2FU + 2.3D 60= 6FU + 3D mp= D/3FU2.D Facsimile Transmission of black-and-white facsimile (text) images Bn= 2FU +
48、2.2D, FU= Z/2 Bc= 1.2Bn= 2.4FU + 2.64D 40= 1.33Bc50= 1.75Bc60= 2.25BcFacsimile, with frequency modulation of carrier by image pulse signal F1CMN F3CMN (monochrome signal) F3C, F1CNN, F3CNN (colour signal) Transmission of half-tone and colour images Bn= 2FU + 2.2D, FU= Z/2 Bc= 1.2Bn= 2.4FU + 2.64D 40= 0.83Bc105.1/(11.8+3.2mp)50= 0.83Bc108.1/(11.8+3.2mp)60= 0.83Bc1011.1/(11.8+3.2mp)mp= D/FURep. ITU-R SM.2048 13 TABLE 1 (continued) Calculation of: Class of emission Addit
