1、 Recommendation ITU-R SM.1682-1(09/2011)Methods for measurements on digital broadcasting signalsSM SeriesSpectrum managementii Rec. ITU-R SM.1682-1 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by
2、 all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Confer
3、ences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements an
4、d licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available
5、 online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite serv
6、ices P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and fr
7、equency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2011 ITU 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means what
8、soever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R SM.1682-1 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SM.1682-1 Methods for measurements on digital broadcasting signals*(Question ITU-R 214/1) (2004-2011) Scope Due to the progressive introduction of digital broadcasting systems and taking account of their complexit
9、y it is important that monitoring services dispose with guidance on measuring the digital broadcasting signals, in view to be able to enforce the rules and license conditions. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that digital audio and video broadcasting systems are being introduced p
10、rogressively; b) that administrations may set rules and/or licence conditions for the use of these systems; c) that the monitoring service may be tasked for the enforcement of these rules and/or licence conditions; d) that due to the complexity of these systems, guidance on measuring these systems i
11、s needed, recommends 1 that if a monitoring service has to measure the following parameters of digital broadcasting signals: frequency and bandwidth; power and field strength; extraction of transmitter identification and determination of type of service; sound and picture quality; quality of transmi
12、tted signal; coverage; RF channel characteristics; other technical parameters, these measurements should be carried out as described in Annex 1. *This Recommendation should be brought to the attention of Radiocommunication Study Group 6. 2 Rec. ITU-R SM.1682-1 Annex 1 1 Introduction This Recommendat
13、ion recommends a set of measurements to perform a variety of monitoring tasks related to these systems. The reasons for performing a specific measurement not only differ in a specific situation, but various administrations can also have unique applications for one or more of the described measuremen
14、ts. The mentioned measurements are as much as possible based on equipment already available at most monitoring stations. Where possible a reference to existing ITU-R Recommendations is made for each measurement. The measurements are grouped by their main purpose for measuring and presented in tabula
15、r format with the following headings. Parameter: Parameter to be measured Method: Short description of method Reason: Reason for measuring the parameter in more detail, if necessary Monitoring method: Measurement can be performed as: Ms: mobile while stationary, or: mobile while on route, F: fixed,
16、X: mobile or fixed Rec.: Reference to the latest edition of existing ITU Recommendations and the Handbook Spectrum Monitoring Equipment: Equipment to be used. 2 Type of measurements 2.1 Frequency and bandwidth Purpose The main purpose of bandwidth measurement is the verification of the bandwidth and
17、 interference in adjacent channels. Parameter Measurement method Reason Monitoringmethod Rec. Equipment Maximum spectrum Mask method(1)Quick determination of compliance with rules and/or licence conditions Ms, F ITU-R SM.328, ITU-R SM.329, ITU-R SM.443; Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011)
18、, Chapter 4.12 Spectrum analyzer or receiver Rec. ITU-R SM.1682-1 3 Parameter Measurement method Reason Monitoringmethod Rec. Equipment 99% occupied bandwidth Numerical integration of occupied spectrum Determination of compliance with rules and/or licence conditions Ms, F ITU-R SM.443, Handbook on S
19、pectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapter 4.5 Spectrum analyzer with digitizing capabilities or receiver Protection level Indicator on receiver System parameter test X ITU-R SM.378, ITU-R P.845 Dedicated receiver Frequency(2)Several methods applicable Determination of compliance with rules and/or l
20、icence conditions Ms, F ITU-R SM.377, Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapter 4.2 Frequency counter or spectrum analyzer or receiver (1)A mask needs to be developed for each system. The low S/N in satellite applications should be taken into account and an on-site evaluation might be
21、needed to properly evaluate highly selective systems. (2)In single frequency networks the operating frequency of each transmitter should be measured and frequency standards should be chosen in accordance with the uncertainty requirements, e.g. typically an SFN would require transmitter synchronizati
22、on down to 109. 2.2 Power and field strength Purpose These measurements are important in cases of interference. Parameter Measurement method Reason Monitoringmethod Rec. Equipment Field strength With antennas at different heights Determination of signal strength in “real life” situations MsITU-R SM.
23、378 Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapter 4.4 Spectrum analyzer, receiver or field strength meter(1) and a calibrated antenna Channel power At the transmitter output Determination of the radiated power MsHandbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapter 4.3 Power meter or rec
24、eiver or spectrum analyzer or calibrated field-strength meter and a calibrated antenna (1)If the victim service is a narrow-band service then the measuring bandwidth should also be narrow and the peak detector of the measuring receiver should be used. 4 Rec. ITU-R SM.1682-1 2.3 Extraction of transmi
25、tter identification and determination of type of service Purpose In case of transmitting non-broadcasting related data these measurements are needed to verify the ratio between broadcasting and non-broadcasting. Parameter Measurement method Reason Monitoring method Rec. Equipment Transmitter ID ID c
26、ode display on receiver Identification of transmitter X Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapter 4.8 Dedicated receiver Origin of transmitted data Result of detailed analysis of datastream Identification of transmitter when ID code is not available X Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (e
27、dition 2011), Chapter 4.8 Dedicated receiver and analyzing software or separate datastream analyzer(1)Ratio between broadcasting and non-broadcasting related data Result of detailed analysis of datastream Compliance with rules and/or licence conditions X Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011
28、), Chapter 4.8 Dedicated receiver and analyzing software or separate datastream analyzer(1)Types of service available Readout of system flags or status bits/frames Compliance with rules and/or licence conditions X Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapter 4.8 Dedicated receiver with an
29、alyzing software if needed or separate analyzer (1)The method is not intended to detect hidden information in picture and sound services. 2.4 Sound and picture quality Purpose The relationship between BER and received picture and sound quality of digital broadcasting systems is not always obvious. T
30、he nature of the transmitted pictures and sound in relation to the BER determines the quality of the transmission. Parameter Measurement method Reason Monitoringmethod Rec. Equipment Picture and sound quality Observation of the displayed picture or produced sound(1)Determination of picture and sound
31、 errors X Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapter 5.2 Dedicated receiver with reference decoder (1)It might be possible to develop an automated test procedure which is calibrated with a set of aural and visual observations of a test panel. Rec. ITU-R SM.1682-1 5 2.5 Quality of transm
32、itted signal Purpose To determine whether a reception problem is caused by poor coverage or problems in the generation of the data stream or modulator. Parameter Measurement method Reason Monitoring method Rec. Equipment Amplitude and phase error Observation and analyses of the displayed constellati
33、on diagram Determination of faulty modulator or amplifier X Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapter 4.6 Dedicated receiver or vector analyzer Spectral purity Observation of the RF spectrum Determination of faulty RF stages, antennas, etc. X Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 20
34、11), Chapter 4.6 Spectrum analyzer or scanning receiver Composition of transport stream Analyses of transport stream Detection of faulty coders X System Specific Standard Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapter 5.2 Transport stream analyzer 2.6 Coverage Purpose Determination of the f
35、ield strength in order to check that coverage area complies with the theoretical coverage. Parameter Measurement method Reason Monitoringmethod Rec. Equipment Field strength With antennas on different heights, both stationary or along a route Determination of physical signal quality in “real life” s
36、ituations Ms, MorITU-R SM.1447 ITU-R SM.1875 Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapter 4.11 Spectrum analyzer or receiver and a calibrated antenna. Positioning devices like (D)GPS or GLONASS receiver Field strength With fixed antenna Determination of signal strength fluctuations F Hand
37、book on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapter 5.2 Spectrum analyzer or receiver and a calibrated antenna. Positioning devices like (D)GPS or GLONASS receiver 6 Rec. ITU-R SM.1682-1 Parameter Measurement method Reason Monitoringmethod Rec. Equipment BER after different decoding stages Registrat
38、ion with dedicated receiver Determination of decoded signal quality in “real life” situations X Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapter 5.2 ITU-R BT.1735 Dedicated receiver BER and field strength Registration with dedicated receiver Objective quality/coverage evaluation F, MsDTTB Han
39、dbook, Chapter 5 Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapter 5.2 ITU-R BT.1735 Dedicated receiver 2.7 RF channel characteristic Purpose The measurement of the RF channel characteristics can be useful to determine if reception problems at a particular location are caused by a receiver mal
40、function or signal propagation effects. Parameter Measurement method Reason Monitoring method Rec. Equipment RF channel characteristic Determination of the relative level and time delay of the reflected signal portion compared to the direct signal Determination of reflections at a particular receivi
41、ng site MsHandbook on Spectrum Monitoring, (edition 2011) Chapter 4.8 Dedicated receiver with correlator(1)(1) Taking into account the properties of the transmitted signal and the fact that it is difficult to switch off broadcasting transmitters for measurements, it is advisable to develop a correla
42、tion type of measurement. 2.8 Technical parameters of the system Purpose Besides the identification of unknown digital systems, analyzing the datastream is also useful to determine compliance with the relevant recommendations for a particular known system. It is also possible to say something about
43、the quality of the transmitted signal and the behaviour of a single transmitter in a synchronized network. Parameter Measurement method Reason Monitoring method Rec. Equipment General standard compliance Manual or automated determination Determination of compliance with an established standard X Han
44、dbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapter 5.2 Dedicated receiver or protocol analyzer Rec. ITU-R SM.1682-1 7 Parameter Measurement method Reason Monitoring method Rec. Equipment Number of carriers in an OFDM system Manual or automated determination Identification of a system or determinat
45、ion of compliance with an established standard Ms, F ITU-R SM.1600 Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapters 4.6, 4.8 and 5.2 Dedicated receiver or spectrum analyzer or receiver Carrier spacing Manual or automated determination Identification of a system or determination of compliance
46、 with an established standard Ms, F ITU-R SM.1600 Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapters 4.6, 4.8 and 5.2 Dedicated receiver or spectrum analyzer or receiver Carrier symbol rate Manual or automated determination Identification of a system or determination of compliance with an esta
47、blished standard Ms, F ITU-R SM.1600 Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapters 4.6, 4.8 and 5.2 Dedicated receiver or signal analysis system or receiver Transmission delay in single frequency networks Manual or automated determination Determination of network configuration Ms, F ITU-R SM.1600 Handbook on Spectrum Monitoring (edition 2011), Chapters 4.6, 4.8 and 5.2 Dedicated receiver or signal analysis system or receiver
