1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T E.156TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 1(11/2007) SERIES E: OVERALL NETWORK OPERATION, TELEPHONE SERVICE, SERVICE OPERATION AND HUMAN FACTORS International operation Operation of international telephone services Guidelines for ITU
2、-T action on reported misuse of E.164 number resources Supplement 1: Best practice guide on countering misuse of E.164 number resources ITU-T Recommendation E.156 Supplement 1 ITU-T E-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS OVERALL NETWORK OPERATION, TELEPHONE SERVICE, SERVICE OPERATION AND HUMAN FACTORS INTERNATION
3、AL OPERATION Definitions E.100E.103 General provisions concerning Administrations E.104E.119 General provisions concerning users E.120E.139 Operation of international telephone services E.140E.159 Numbering plan of the international telephone service E.160E.169 International routing plan E.170E.179
4、Tones in national signalling systems E.180E.189 Numbering plan of the international telephone service E.190E.199 Maritime mobile service and public land mobile service E.200E.229 OPERATIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CHARGING AND ACCOUNTING IN THE INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE SERVICE Charging in the interna
5、tional telephone service E.230E.249 Measuring and recording call durations for accounting purposes E.260E.269 UTILIZATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE NETWORK FOR NON-TELEPHONY APPLICATIONS General E.300E.319 Phototelegraphy E.320E.329 ISDN PROVISIONS CONCERNING USERS E.330E.349 INTERNATIONAL ROUT
6、ING PLAN E.350E.399 NETWORK MANAGEMENT International service statistics E.400E.404 International network management E.405E.419 Checking the quality of the international telephone service E.420E.489 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING Measurement and recording of traffic E.490E.505 Forecasting of traffic E.506E.509
7、Determination of the number of circuits in manual operation E.510E.519 Determination of the number of circuits in automatic and semi-automatic operation E.520E.539 Grade of service E.540E.599 Definitions E.600E.649 Traffic engineering for IP-networks E.650E.699 ISDN traffic engineering E.700E.749 Mo
8、bile network traffic engineering E.750E.799 QUALITY OF TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES: CONCEPTS, MODELS, OBJECTIVES AND DEPENDABILITY PLANNING Terms and definitions related to the quality of telecommunication services E.800E.809 Models for telecommunication services E.810E.844 Objectives for quality of
9、service and related concepts of telecommunication services E.845E.859 Use of quality of service objectives for planning of telecommunication networks E.860E.879 Field data collection and evaluation on the performance of equipment, networks and services E.880E.899 OTHER E.900E.999 For further details
10、, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T Rec. E.156/Suppl.1 (11/2007) i ITU-T Recommendation E.156 Guidelines for ITU-T action on reported misuse of E.164 number resources Supplement 1 Best practice guide on countering misuse of E.164 number resources Summary This Best Practice Gui
11、de is intended as a complimentary volume to ITU-T Recommendation E.156 “Guidelines for ITU-T action on reported misuse of E.164 number resources“ that specifies the measures that the ITU TSB will undertake with respect to reported alleged misuse of numbering resources over which it has some control.
12、 This guide is intended to discuss what action other stakeholders may wish to take with regard to minimizing and managing the impact of misuse of numbering resources for their customers benefit. Source Supplement 1 to ITU-T Recommendation E.156 was agreed on 8 November 2007 by ITU-T Study Group 2 (2
13、005-2008). ii ITU-T Rec. E.156/Suppl.1 (11/2007) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a perm
14、anent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establi
15、shes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary stand
16、ards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this publication, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this publication is voluntary. However, the publicatio
17、n may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the publication is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to e
18、xpress requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the publication is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this publication may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Propert
19、y Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication development process. As of the date of approval of this publication, ITU had not received notice of intellec
20、tual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2008 All rights re
21、served. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. ITU-T Rec. E.156/Suppl.1 (11/2007) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Acronyms 1 4 Distinguishing misuse and fraud 1 5 Issues 3 5.1 Premium rate services. 3 5.2 Tel
22、ephone number misuse 6 5.3 Mobile. 7 6 Best practice to counter misuse 9 6.1 Introduction 9 6.2 Background. 9 6.3 Regulatory 11 6.4 Recognized Operating Agency. 11 iv ITU-T Rec. E.156/Suppl.1 (11/2007) Introduction This Best Practice Guide is intended as a complimentary volume to ITU-T Recommendatio
23、n E.156 “Guidelines for ITU-T action on reported misuse of E.164 number resources“ that specifies the measures that the ITU TSB will undertake with respect to reported alleged misuse of numbering resources over which it has some control. This guide is intended to discuss what action other stakeholde
24、rs may wish to take with regard to minimizing and managing the impact of misuse of numbering resources for their customers benefit. In order to identify what such best practice is, it will be useful to present some background on the issues associated with misuse. E.164 numbering misuse takes several
25、 forms and is detrimental to the industry in various respects. Unfortunately, there is no single measure to tackle this practice as a whole and all potential actions should be considered. The majority of misuse of numbers is carried out independent of Internet diallers. ITU-T Rec. E.156/Suppl.1 (11/
26、2007) 1 ITU-T Recommendation E.156 Guidelines for ITU-T action on reported misuse of E.164 number resources Supplement 1 Best practice guide on countering misuse of E.164 number resources 1 Scope This guide describes examples of misuse associated with E.164 numbering resources, together with descrip
27、tions of best practice to counter misuse. It was considered useful at the time it was written, and is intended to be used by Service providers and Regulators. 2 References ITU-T E.156 ITU-T Recommendation E.156 (2006), Guidelines for ITU-T action on reported misuse of E.164 number resources. 3 Acron
28、yms CRM Customer Relationship/Management IDD International Direct Dial IRSF International Revenue Share Forum PRSP Premium Rate Service Provider ROA Recognized Operating Agency SIM Subscriber Identity Module SMS Short Message Service SP Service Provider(s) TSP Telephony Service Provider 4 Distinguis
29、hing misuse and fraud This clause distinguishes between misuse of numbering and fraud that were seen to exist at the time that the guide was written. It is recognized that it is not complete and that other activities will emerge that could be categorized as either misuse or fraud or both in the futu
30、re. The information in this guide is sufficiently generic to be relevant. It is not the purpose of this guide to describe in detail what is meant by fraud. Rather it is intended to show that the misuse of Numbers and numbering plans might form the basis by which a fraud is perpetrated but the misuse
31、 itself might not constitute actual fraud. For the purposes of this guide, misuse, associated with numbers, is defined as the use of numbers other than for what they are intended. Fraud, on the other hand, is use of numbers in the manner for which they were prescribed, but in a manner intended to ge
32、nerate revenue. 2 ITU-T Rec. E.156/Suppl.1 (11/2007) Table 1 Relationship of number ranges and mechanisms to misuse and/or fraud Misuse: A Number or number range that is being used for a purpose other than for which it was allocated Misuse of a number in a fraudulent way Fraud: The use of a number i
33、n the manner for which it was allocated but for the purpose of generating cash at the expense of the customer and/or operators Global numbering resources Yes Yes Yes International numbering resources Yes Example 1 Short stopping (to be defined) Example 2 Mobile numbers could be misused as premium ra
34、te services on international level Yes Getting the consumer to instigate calls with short stopping Yes Example 1 Getting the consumer to instigate calls (to be defined) National numbering resources Yes Personal Numbers that have premium rate charges associated with them Yes Instigating calls by the
35、consumer to PNs that have premium rate charges associated with them Yes Example 1 Instigating calls to consumers to perceived expensive calls Example 2 Calls to numbers incurring expensive call charges and exploiting settlement dates to receive payment from operators prior to the call origination co
36、sts being settled. (Note 1) Local numbering resources ? ? ? Advertisement Yes Yes Yes SMS Yes Yes Yes Rogue dialling (Note 2) Yes Yes Yes NOTE 1 This example is included here to demonstrate that fraud can occur elsewhere in the end-to-end connectivity chain. Its inclusion here is for completeness, a
37、nd whilst issues may appear to be similar to those of this guide, they are addressed elsewhere. NOTE 2 This table is intended to show that where fraud occurs, it should be dealt with as fraud, according to the laws that pertain. However, in some circumstances fraud occurs with numbering misuse, and
38、other avenues are open to the operator/service provider in order to address the issue at hand by seeking to restrict the use of the number. ITU-T Rec. E.156/Suppl.1 (11/2007) 3 It is possible, for example, with a certain class of number (e.g., 882) to have an allocation that is being both misused, i
39、n that the original allocation did not necessarily allow for Internet access, for which the number is being used, and in association with an Internet or rogue dialler, the consumer has no control over the calls being made. A further example of numbering misuse is where the numbers being used have a
40、commercial surround, e.g., revenue sharing, and high termination rates, such that activities are used to stimulate calls to those numbers for the purpose of generating revenue. In this instance, the originator has decided to dial the digits, but it is based on fraudulent information. It is probably
41、much simpler to address misuse than fraud because there are rules and procedures for the use of numbers and numbering plans. This implies that anything that does not comply with the rules and procedures is by definition misuse. However, rules and procedures could be changed so that a use which was o
42、riginally misuse could subsequently be brought within the scope of new rules and procedures, and thus becomes another permitted use of the numbers and numbering plan. 5 Issues This clause details the issues that arise from specific instances of misuse that are known at the time of approval of the gu
43、ide, and offers some guidance that can be taken by various stakeholders to resolve the issues. The issues of misuse can emerge from: a) premium rate services (see clause 5.1); b) telephone number misuse (see clause 5.2); c) mobile (see clause 5.3). 5.1 Premium rate services Premium rate services are
44、 used with both normal calls and SMS messages, and can be accessed using national and international numbering resources. Common applications for calls are: recorded information; live professional advice (e.g., legal advice, health advice); tele-voting; complaint lines1and customer service/advice lin
45、es (e.g., software support); games and competitions; services that may be needed by less informed and vulnerable people, e.g., loans to people with a poor credit record, where the aim is to take the revenue from the call rather than to provide the service; live chat rooms; one-to-one adult chats; ac
46、cess to phone-ins run in conjunction with TV programmes; donations to charity, especially with celebrities taking live calls; the first stage of two-stage dialling for low price international calls; dial-up Internet access. _ 1A well-known consumer electronics company used premium rate lines for com
47、plaints. 4 ITU-T Rec. E.156/Suppl.1 (11/2007) SMS services are commonly used for: information services such as sports results and weather; voting, often in conjunction with TV programmes; games and competitions; donations to charity; ring tones; payments for use of local WiFi access. Information ser
48、vices and ring tones may be either a single use service or an ongoing subscription service. With the introduction of live video capabilities on some third generation mobile phones, access to live adult video material is becoming a new application and experiencing fairly rapid growth. 5.1.1 Content i
49、ssues Content is regulated or subject to restrictions in some countries. Examples of illegal content or illegal activities that have used premium rate services are: gambling; prostitution; extreme pornography; abuse of chat rooms to “groom“ minors by adults who often give false descriptions of themselves and try to set up meetings with minors. These abuses have led to various controls such as regulatory requirements for the recording of chat room conversations and
