1、 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T E.360.1TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (05/2002) SERIES E: OVERALL NETWORK OPERATION, TELEPHONE SERVICE, SERVICE OPERATION AND HUMAN FACTORS International routing plan Framework for QoS routing and related traffic engineering methods for I
2、P-, ATM-, and TDM-based multiservice networks ITU-T Recommendation E.360.1 ITU-T E-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS OVERALL NETWORK OPERATION, TELEPHONE SERVICE, SERVICE OPERATION AND HUMAN FACTORS INTERNATIONAL OPERATION Definitions E.100E.103 General provisions concerning Administrations E.104E.119 General
3、provisions concerning users E.120E.139 Operation of international telephone services E.140E.159 Numbering plan of the international telephone service E.160E.169 International routing plan E.170E.179 Tones in national signalling systems E.180E.189 Numbering plan of the international telephone service
4、 E.190E.199 Maritime mobile service and public land mobile service E.200E.229 OPERATIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CHARGING AND ACCOUNTING IN THE INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE SERVICE Charging in the international telephone service E.230E.249 Measuring and recording call durations for accounting purposes E.
5、260E.269 UTILIZATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE NETWORK FOR NON-TELEPHONY APPLICATIONS General E.300E.319 Phototelegraphy E.320E.329 ISDN PROVISIONS CONCERNING USERS E.330E.349 INTERNATIONAL ROUTING PLAN E.350E.399 NETWORK MANAGEMENT International service statistics E.400E.409 International netw
6、ork management E.410E.419 Checking the quality of the international telephone service E.420E.489 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING Measurement and recording of traffic E.490E.505 Forecasting of traffic E.506E.509 Determination of the number of circuits in manual operation E.510E.519 Determination of the number of
7、 circuits in automatic and semi-automatic operation E.520E.539 Grade of service E.540E.599 Definitions E.600E.649 Traffic engineering for IP-networks E.650E.699 ISDN traffic engineering E.700E.749 Mobile network traffic engineering E.750E.799 QUALITY OF TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES: CONCEPTS, MODELS,
8、OBJECTIVES AND DEPENDABILITY PLANNING Terms and definitions related to the quality of telecommunication services E.800E.809 Models for telecommunication services E.810E.844 Objectives for quality of service and related concepts of telecommunication services E.845E.859 Use of quality of service objec
9、tives for planning of telecommunication networks E.860E.879 Field data collection and evaluation on the performance of equipment, networks and services E.880E.899 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T Rec. E.360.1 (05/2002) i ITU-T Recommendation E.360.1 Frame
10、work for QoS routing and related traffic engineering methods for IP-, ATM-, and TDM-based multiservice networks Summary The E.360.x series of Recommendations describes, analyses, and recommends methods which control a networks response to traffic demands and other stimuli, such as link failures or n
11、ode failures. The functions discussed, and recommendations made, related to traffic engineering (TE), are consistent with the definition given in the Framework document of the Traffic Engineering Working Group (TEWG) within the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): Internet Traffic Engineering is
12、concerned with the performance optimization of operational networks. It encompasses the measurement, modelling, characterization, and control of Internet traffic, and the application of techniques to achieve specific performance objectives, including the reliable and expeditious movement of traffic
13、through the network, the efficient utilization of network resources, and the planning of network capacity. The methods addressed in the E.360.x series include call and connection routing, QoS resource management, routing table management, dynamic transport routing, capacity management, and operation
14、al requirements. Some of the methods proposed herein are also addressed in, or are closely related to, those proposed in ITU-T Recs E.170 to E.179 and E.350 to E.353 for routing, E.410 to E.419 for network management and E.490 to E.780 for other traffic engineering issues. The recommended methods ar
15、e meant to apply to IP-based, ATM-based, and TDM-based networks, as well as the interworking between these network technologies. Essentially, all of the methods recommended are already widely applied in operational networks worldwide, particularly in PSTN networks employing TDM-based technology. How
16、ever, these methods are shown to be extensible to packet-based technologies, that is, to IP-based and ATM-based technologies, and it is important that networks which evolve to employ these packet technologies have a sound foundation of methods to apply. Hence, it is the intent that the methods recom
17、mended in this series of Recommendations be used as a basis for requirements for specific methods, and, as needed, for protocol development in IP-based, ATM-based, and TDM-based networks to implement the methods. The methods encompassed in this Recommendation include traffic management through contr
18、ol of routing functions, which include QoS resource management. Results of analysis models are presented which illustrate the tradeoffs between various approaches. Based on the results of these studies, as well as established practice and experience, methods are recommended for consideration in netw
19、ork evolution to IP-based, ATM-based, and/or TDM-based technologies. Source ITU-T Recommendation E.360.1 was prepared by ITU-T Study Group 2 (2001-2004) and approved under the WTSA Resolution 1 procedure on 16 May 2002. ii ITU-T Rec. E.360.1 (05/2002) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Uni
20、on (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to s
21、tandardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations i
22、s covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to
23、 indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position conc
24、erning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by p
25、atents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. ITU 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by
26、any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. ITU-T Rec. E.360.1 (05/2002) iii Recommendation E.360.1 Framework for QoS routing and related traffic engineering methods for IP-, ATM-, and TDM-Based multiservice networks 1 Scope 2 References 3 Definitions 4 Abbreviations 5 Traffic
27、 engineering model 6 Traffic models 7 Traffic management functions 8 Capacity management functions 9 Traffic engineering operational requirements 10 Traffic engineering modelling and analysis 11 Conclusions/recommendations 12 Recommended TE/QoS methods for multiservice networks Bibliography Recommen
28、dation E.360.2 QoS routing and related traffic engineering methods Call routing and connection routing methods 1 Scope 2 References 3 Definitions 4 Abbreviations 5 Call routing methods 6 Connection (bearer-path) routing methods 7 Hierarchical Fixed Routing (FR) path selection 8 Time-Dependent Routin
29、g (TDR) path selection 9 State-Dependent Routing (SDR) path selection 10 Event-Dependent Routing (EDR) path selection 11 Interdomain routing 12 Conclusions/recommendations Annex A Modelling of traffic engineering methods Recommendation E.360.3 QoS routing and related traffic engineering methods QoS
30、resource management methods 1 Scope 2 References 3 Definitions 4 Abbreviations iv ITU-T Rec. E.360.1 (05/2002) 5 Class-of-service identification, policy-based routing table derivation and QoS resource management steps 6 Dynamic bandwidth allocation, protection, and reservation principles 7 Per-virtu
31、al-network bandwidth allocation, protection, and reservation 8 Per-flow bandwidth allocation, protection, and reservation 9 Packet-level traffic control 10 Other QoS resource management constraints 11 Interdomain QoS resource management 12 Conclusions/recommendations Annex A Modelling of traffic eng
32、ineering methods Recommendation E.360.4 QoS routing and related traffic engineering methods Routing table management methods and requirements 1 Scope 2 References 3 Definitions 4 Abbreviations 5 Routing table management for IP-based networks 6 Routing table management for ATM-based networks 7 Routin
33、g table management for TDM-based networks 8 Signalling and information exchange requirements 9 Examples of internetwork routing 10 Conclusions/recommendations Annex A Modelling of traffic engineering methods Recommendation E.360.5 QoS routing and related traffic engineering methods Transport routing
34、 methods 1 Scope 2 References 3 Definitions 4 Abbreviations 5 Dynamic transport routing principles 6 Dynamic transport routing examples 7 Reliable transport network design 8 Conclusions/recommendations Annex A Modelling of traffic engineering methods ITU-T Rec. E.360.1 (05/2002) v Recommendation E.3
35、60.6 QoS routing and related traffic engineering methods Capacity management methods 1 Scope 2 References 3 Definitions 4 Abbreviations 5 Link capacity design models 6 Shortest path selection models 7 Multihour network design models 8 Day-to-day load variation design models 9 Forecast uncertainty/re
36、serve capacity design models 10 Meshed, sparse, and dynamic-transport design models 11 Conclusions/recommendations Annex A Modelling of traffic engineering methods Recommendation E.360.7 QoS routing and related traffic engineering methods Traffic engineering operational requirements 1 Scope 2 Refere
37、nces 3 Definitions 4 Abbreviations 5 Traffic management 6 Capacity management Forecasting 7 Capacity management Daily and weekly performance monitoring 8 Capacity management Short-term network adjustment 9 Comparison of off-line (TDR) versus on-line (SDR/EDR) TE methods 10 Conclusions/recommendation
38、s vi ITU-T Rec. E.360.1 (05/2002) Introduction Traffic engineering (TE) is an indispensable network function which controls a networks response to traffic demands and other stimuli, such as network failures. TE encompasses traffic management through control of routing functions, which include number
39、/name translation to routing address, connection routing, routing table management, QoS resource management, and dynamic transport routing. capacity management through control of network design. Current and future networks are rapidly evolving to carry a multitude of voice/ISDN services and packet d
40、ata services on internet protocol (IP), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), and time division multiplexing (TDM) networks. The long awaited data revolution is occurring, with the extremely rapid growth of data services such as IP-multimedia and frame-relay services. Within these categories of networks
41、 and services supported by IP, ATM, and TDM protocols have evolved various TE methods. The TE mechanisms are covered in the Recommendation, and a comparative analysis and performance evaluation of various TE alternatives is presented. Finally, operational requirements for TE implementation are cover
42、ed. We begin this Framework Recommendation with a general model for TE functions, which include traffic management and capacity management functions responding to traffic demands on the network. We then present a traffic-variations model which these TE functions are responding to. Next we outline tr
43、affic management functions which include call routing (number/name translation to routing address), connection or bearer-path routing, QoS resource management, routing table management, and dynamic transport routing. These traffic management functions are further developed in ITU-T Recs E.360.2, E.3
44、60.3, E.360.4, and E.360.5. We then outline capacity management functions, which are further developed in ITU-T Rec. E.360.6. Finally we briefly summarize TE operational requirements, which are further developed in ITU-T Rec. E.360.7. In ITU-T Rec. E.360.2, we present models for call routing, which
45、entails number/name translation to a routing address associated with service requests, and also compare various connection (bearer-path) routing methods. In ITU-T Rec. E.360.3, we examine QoS resource management methods in detail, and illustrate per-flow versus per-virtual-network (or per-traffic-tr
46、unk or per-bandwidth-pipe) resource management and the realization of multiservice integration with priority routing services. In ITU-T Rec. E.360.4, we identify and discuss routing table management approaches. This includes a discussion of TE signalling and information exchange requirements needed
47、for interworking across network types, so that the information exchange at the interface is compatible across network types. In ITU-T Rec. E.360.5 we describe methods for dynamic transport routing, which is enabled by the capabilities such as optical cross-connect devices, to dynamically rearrange t
48、ransport network capacity. In ITU-T Rec. E.360.6 we describe principles for TE capacity management, and in ITU-T Rec. E.360.7 we present TE operational requirements. ITU-T Rec. E.360.1 (05/2002) 1 ITU-T Recommendation E.360.1 Framework for QoS routing and related traffic engineering methods for IP-,
49、 ATM-, and TDM-Based multiservice networks 1 Scope The E.360.x series of Recommendations describes, analyses, and recommends methods which control a networks response to traffic demands and other stimuli, such as link failures or node failures. The functions discussed and recommendations made related to traffic engineering (TE) are consistent with the definitions given in the Framework document of the Traffic Engineering Working Group (TEWG) within the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): Internet Traffic En
