1、STD-ITU-T RECMN 1.322-ENGL 1999 = 4b2591 Obb01b3 900 I INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU 1.322 SERIES I: INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK Overall network aspects and functions - Reference models (02/99) Generic protocol reference model for
2、 telecommunication networks ITU-T Recommendation 1.322 (Previously CCITT Recommendation) STD.ITU-T RECMN 1.322-ENGL 2999 4862591 Ob60164 47 m GENERAL STRUCTURE Terminology Description of ISDNs General modelling methods Telecommunication network and service attributes General description of asynchron
3、ous transfer mode Scope General aspects of services in ISDN Common aspects of services in the ISDN Bearer services supported by an ISDN Teleservices supported by an ISDN Supplementary services in ISDN SERVICE CAPABILITIES 1 OVERALL NETWORK ASPECTS AND FUNCTIONS ITU-T I-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS INTEGRA
4、TED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK I I. 1 10-1.1 I9 I. 120-1.129 I. 1 30-1.1 39 I. 140-1.149 I. 150-1.199 1.200-1.209 I .210-I .219 I .220-1.229 1.230-1.239 1.240-1.249 1.250-1.299 Network functional principles I .310-I ,319 Numbering, addressing and routing 1.330-1.339 Connection types 1.340-1.349 Perfor
5、mance objectives 1.350-1.359 Protocol layer requirements 1.360-1.369 General network requirements and functions 1.370-1.399 ISDN USER-NETWORK INTERFACES Application of I-series Recommendations to ISDN user-network interfaces 1.420-1.429 Layer I Recommendations 1.430-1.439 Layer 2 Recommendations 1.4
6、40-1.449 Layer 3 Recommendations 1.450-1.459 Multiplexing, rate adaption and support of existing interfaces 1.460-1.469 Aspects of ISDN affecting terminal requirements 1.470-1.499 INTERNETWORK INTERFACES 1.500-1.599 MAINTENANCE PRINCIP LES 1.600-1.699 B-ISDN EQUIPMENT ASPECTS ATM equipment I .730-1.
7、739 Transport functions I. 7404.749 Management of ATM equipment I .750-l. 799 II For further details, please refer to ITU-T List of Recommendations. STDmITU-T RECMN 1.322-ENGL 1999 48b259L ObbOLbS 783 I ITU-T RECOMMENDATION 1.322 GENERIC PROTOCOL REFERENCE MODEL FOR TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS Summar
8、y This Recommendation defines a Generic Protocol Reference Model (GPRM) used to describe heterogeneous transport networks based on the deployment of overlaid switching and transmission techniques. GPRM models the interconnection and exchange of information, including information pertaining to the us
9、er, control and management functions. Source ITU-T Recommendation 1.322 was prepared by ITU-T Study Group 13 (1997-2000) and was approved under the WTSC Resolution No. 1 procedure on the 15th of February 1999. Recommendation 1.322 (02/99) 1 FOREWORD ITU (International Telecommunication Union) is the
10、 United Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the ITU. The IT-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardi
11、zing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T Study Groups which, in their turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of Recommendations by the
12、Members of the ITU-T is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution No. 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with IS0 and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation the term recognized operating age
13、ncy (ROA) includes any individual, company, corporation or governmental organization that operates a public correspondence service. The terms Administration, ROA and public correspondence are defined in the Constitution of the ITU (Geneva, 1992). INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS The ITU draws attention
14、to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. The ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others
15、outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, the ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represen
16、t the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. O ITU 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in w
17、riting from the ITU. 11 Recommendation 1.322 (02/99) 1 2 3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 5 5.1 5.2 6 7 8 9 STD-ITU-T RECMN I-322-ENGL 1999 4862591 Obb01b7 55h m CONTENTS Scope References Relationship with existing standards Modelling pnnciples . Service and functional model . Layer networks and adaptation . Par
18、titioning . Stratification . 4.4.2 The customer viewpoint 4.4.3 The relationship between the supplier viewpoint stratification and Recommendation X.200 4.4.4 The relationship between the customer viewpoint stratification and Recommendation X.200 4.4.1 The supplier viewpoint Generic protocol referenc
19、e model Relationship between protocol blocks of adjacent Strata . Interworking between adjacent Strata Application of the GPRM principles to ISDN case Application of the GPRM principles to B-ISDN case Application to IP based networks . Application to SDH Page 1 1 2 2 2 4 5 7 9 9 9 10 11 12 14 16 16
20、16 16 . Recommendation 1.322 (02/99) 111 Recommendation 1.322 GENERIC PROTOCOL REFERENCE MODEL FOR TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS (Geneva, 1999) 1 The c Scope jective of this Recommendation is the definition of a Generic Protocol Reference .v,adel (GPRM) able to describe heterogeneous transport networks
21、 based on the deployment of overlaid switching and transmission techniques. The scope of the Generic Protocol Reference Model is not associated with any particular network type or any particular service. The GPRM models the interconnection and exchange of information including user, control and mana
22、gement information through a Global Transport Network (GTN). The GTN is a generic network that provides a Global Transfer Service ensuring a global connectivity with standardized classes of services. The Generic Protocol Reference Model is developed by using the modelling principles of stratificatio
23、n, partitioning, functional modelling and layering. The concepts of the Generic Protocol Reference Model are then applied to specific networks (ISDN and B-ISDN) based on specific techniques. The Recommendation is structured into two parts: A general part covering the modelling principles and describ
24、ing the Generic Protocol Reference Model. A second part, which remains for further study, will show the application of the concepts of the Generic Protocol Reference Model to the specific cases of N-ISDN, B-ISDN, IP-based networks, and networks based on the SDH. Recommendations 1.320 and 1.321 remai
25、n valid protocol reference models for N-ISDN and B-ISDN respectively. The Generic Protocol Reference Model also describes the interworking issues that arise from the coexistence of different transmission and switching techniques in the GTN. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other
26、references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; all users of this Recommendation are therefore encourage
27、d to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. - ITU-T Recommendation G.803 (1 997), Architecture of transport networks based on the synchronous
28、 digital hierarchy (SDH). - ITU-T Recommendation G.805 (1 995), Generic Junctional architecture of transport networks. ITU-T Recommendation G.872 (1 999), Architecture of the optical transport networks. ITU-T Recommendation 1.320 (1 993), ISDNprotocoZ reference model. - - Recommendation 1.322 (02/99
29、) 1 STD-ITU-T RECMN 1-322-ENGL 1999 LiBb259L ObbOLb9 329 m - CCITT Recommendation 1.32 1 (1 99 i), B-ISDN protocol reference model and its application. ITU-T Recommendation 1.326 (1 995), Functional architecture of the transport networks based on ATM. - ITU-T Recommendation X.200 (1 994), Informatio
30、n technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic reference model: The basic model. - ITU-T Recommendation X.213 (1 999, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Network service definition. ITU-T Recommendation Y. 1 1 O (1998), Global Information Inzastructure principles and zamewor
31、k architecture. - ITU-T Recommendation Y.120 (1998), Global Information Infiastructure scenario methodology. - - 3 Relationship with existing standards The intent of this Recommendation is to cover the full range of telecommunication networks and services and to be consistent with the concepts of th
32、e GI1 described in the Y.lOO-series of Recommendations. In order to illustrate this universal applicability, the way in which the GPRM is applied to ISDN, B-ISDN, Internet, and networks based on SDH is included in this Recommendation. Recommendations have been produced, in the past, describing proto
33、col reference models for different networks. The ISDN Protocol Reference Model (Recommendation 1.320) and the B-ISDN Protocol Reference Model (Recommendation 1.32 1) formalize the information flows to provide ISDN and B-ISDN telecommunication services. While these Recommendations define many importa
34、nt concepts for the networks they describe, they have proved hard to extrapolate to a more generic case. This Recommendation validates the important concepts while removing aspects of the description that prevent extrapolation to the generic case. In a similar way, the OS1 reference model described
35、in Recommendation X.200 contains many important concepts, however, it is oriented towards message-based, non-real time networking and so is equally hard to extrapolate. The relationship of this Recommendation to Recommendation X.200 is covered in 4.4. 4 Modelling principles This clause describes a n
36、umber of general principles relevant to the definition of the Generic Protocol Reference Model. The concepts of stratification, functional modelling, layering, reference configuration and partitioning are discussed and combined together. 4.1 Service and functional model User applications generate re
37、quirements for telecommunications services as shown in Figure 1. These requirements can be for real time and non-real time transfer of information between geographically separated components of the application, some or all of which may include people. The way in which this arises is described in Rec
38、ommendation Y. 1 1 O. In addition to the user information, the application must pass control and management information to the global transport network in order to allow it to transfer the information in accordance with the requirements of the user application. This is also shown in Figure 1. 2 Reco
39、mmendation 1.322 (02/99) STD=ITU-T RECMN 1.322-ENGL 1999 M 4862593 ObbOL70 040 M User entity User applications Control entity Management entity (real time and non-real time) Management1 Control1 User info 1 - - - - Global Transfer Service a Global Transport Network I T1313520-98 Figure 1LI.322 - The
40、 relationship between the users applications and the global transport network The Global Transfer Service is a service that offers a global connectivity with standardized classes of services, regardless of the addressing plans and the transport technologies used to transfer the information. The netw
41、ork able to support the Global Transfer Service is called Global Transport Network. It should be noted that the Global Transport Network is typically a network based on the use of various transmission and switching techniques. Three types of functional entities can be identified in the GTN. These fu
42、nctional entities are abstract objects that communicate between them by using input and output ports. At the boundary between the GTN and the users applications, which is normally at an API within terminal equipment, three sets of primitives exist which define the way in which this user information,
43、 the control information, and the management information are carried across the service interface. These three sets of primitives can also exist across similar interfaces within the GTN. This is illustrated in Figure 2. I T1313530-98 0 Generic Intenvorking Functions Figure 2A.322 - Functional entiti
44、es and interface primitives Recommendation 1.322 (02/99) 3 STD-ITU-T RECMN 1-322-ENGL 1999 W 48b2591 ObbOL7L TB7 W In real networks the functional entities are implemented by a combination of hardware and software components. - The user entities deal with the transport of the user information ensuri
45、ng switching, multiplexing, flow control and data integrity functions. The control entities address aspects related to the control functions to establish, manage and release communications to transport information among user entities. The management entities address aspects related to the management
46、 functions to establish, manage and release communications to transport information among user entities. All the user entities are collectively called the user plane, similarly all the control entities are called the control, and all the management entities are called the management plane. The estab
47、lishment of a communication is the result of cooperation of the control and management entities and the information transfer service provided may have different characteristics: e.g. connection-oriented, connectionless, on-demand, permanent, etc. If the information transfer service provided is a con
48、nectionless service the user and control entities collapse in a single user/control entity while if the service provided by is not on a demand service the control entity does not exist. - - 4.2 Layer networks and adaptation The first decomposition of the GTN can be achieved by considering the user p
49、lane. User information is formatted in a number of different ways so that it can be carried across the GTN and each distinctive format is called a characteristic information. All the entities associated with a single characteristic information are called a layer network. A layer network is often associated with a specific switching or transmission technique. In addition, it should be noted that a number of layer networks can also be identified within the same switching or transmission technique when the technique considered has different hierarchies of routing, resource management
