1、COVERING NOTE GENERAL SECRETARIAT INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION Subject: Erratum Geneva, 5 June 2000 Recommendation ITU-T O.Sl/Appendix 1 (06/98) TELECOMMUNICATION STAN DARD IZATI ON SECTOR OF ITU ITU-T Recommendation 0.8 UAppendix I (06/98) A measuring signal (multitone test signal) for fas
2、t measurement of amplitude and phase for telephone type circuits Replace NOTE on page (ii) by the following: NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Union international
3、e des tlcommunications Place des Nations 121 1 GENVE 20 Suisse - Switzerland - Suiza INTERNATIONAL TELECOM MUNICATION UNION ITU-T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU 0.81 Appendix I (06/98) SERIES O: SPECIFICATIONS OF MEASURING EQUIPMENT Equipment for the measurement of analogue paramete
4、rs Group-delay measuring equipment for telephone-type circuits Appendix I: A measuring signal (multitone test signal) for fast measurement of amplitude and phase for telephone type circuits ITU-T Recommendation 0.81 - Appendix I (Previously CCITT Recommendation) ITU-T O-SEMES RECOMMENDATIONS SPECIFI
5、CATIONS OF MEASURING EQUIPMENT 11 General Maintenance access Il Automatic and semi-automatic measuring systems 0.1-0.9 0.10-0.19 0.20-0.3 9 -. II Equipment for the measurement of analogue parameters 0.40-0.1 29 Equipment for the measurement of digital and analogue/digital parameters 0.130-0. 199 Il
6、For further details, please refer to ITU-T List of Recommendations. ITU-T RECOMMENDATION 0.81 GROUP-DELAY MEASURING EQUIPMENT FOR TELEPHONE-TYPE CIRCUITS APPENDIX I A measuring signal (multitone test signal) for fast measurement of amplitude and phase for telephone type circuits Summary In the follo
7、wing Appendix I a brief description of a test signal is given, stating its particular advantages for measurement of amplitude and phase simultaneously. It was formerly published as Supplement 3.7 in the Blue Book (1988), Fascicle IV.4, and then renumbered on 26 June 1998 as Appendix I to ITU-T 0.8 1
8、 without further modification. Source Appendix I to ITU-T Recommendation 0.81, was prepared by ITU-T Study Group 4 (1997-2000) and was approved under the WTSC Resolution No. 1 procedure on the 26 June 1998. Recommendation 0.81lAppendix 1 (06198) i FOREWORD ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
9、 is the United Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommuni- cations. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the ITU. The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to
10、 standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T Study Groups which, in their turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of Recommendatio
11、ns by the Members of the ITU-T is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution No. 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with IS0 and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation the term recognized ope
12、rating agency (ROA) includes any individual, company, corporation or governmental organization that operates a public correspondence service. The terms Administration, ROA and public correspondence are defined in the Constitution of the ITU (Geneva, 1992). INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS The ITU draws
13、attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. The ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members
14、or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, the ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may no
15、t represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. O ITU 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permi
16、ssion in writing from the ITU. 11 Recommendation 0.81lAppendix 1 (06198) CONTENTS Page 1.1 The multitone test signal . 1 I . 1.1 General description . 1 1.1.2 Measuring principle . 1 1.1.3 Data of the multitone test signal 2 Advantages of the multitone test signal 2 1.2 1.3 Practical experience 3 Re
17、commendation 0.81lAppendix 1 (06198) . 111 Recommendation 0.81 GROUP-DELAY MEASURING EQUIPMENT FOR TELEPHONE-TYPE CIRCUITS APPENDIX I A measuring signal (multitone test signal) for fast measurement of amplitude and phase for telephone type circuits (Geneva, 1998) 1.1 The multitone test signal 1.1.1
18、General description The multitone test signal (MTTS) consists of a spectrum of N discrete signals separated by frequency spacing of 100 Hz in the low frequency range. The spectral lines are all of equal amplitude; their phase relationship to each other is chosen on the basis of mathematical consider
19、ations so that the energy of the test signal is distributed approximately evenly across the entire period of the test signal. The transmission characteristics, i.e. the amplitude and phase distortion of a telephone line, produce changes in the test signal. On the receive side, these changes are meas
20、ured and evaluated, e.g. by means of a Fourier analysis. The results may be displayed on a screen in the form of an amplitude andor phase graph and also, for example, the group delay may be derived from this. 1.1.2 Measuring principle The transmit signal consisting of N cosine waveforms is generated
21、 in digital circuits: a sufficient number of instantaneous values of the MTTS is read out of a ROM with a clock frequency. After passing through a D/A converter and a filter which suppresses the clock frequency, the composite signal is available: N (t) = C A, . COS (2 71: rift - 9,) where A f cp n t
22、 time N total number of waveforms. Atf= 100 Hz, the duration of one period of the MTTS is 10 ms. The MTTS is passed to the object to be tested which changes the properties of the MTTS, i.e. the amplitudes and phases of the single waveforms. In the receiving section, the changed signal is passed to a
23、n evaluation circuit, where the signal is sampled with the clock frequency. The sampled analogue values are digitized and stored in a memory. The stored values of the time function are then transferred by means of the Discrete Fourier Transform into the frequency domain. All necessary calculations a
24、re performed in a microcomputer. At measurements where the objects to be tested include carrier frequency systems, frequency shift of the measuring signal can appear. In such cases it is recommended to use window functions in the signal processing section of the receiver. amplitude of a single wavef
25、orm is 100 Hz (see Note 2) phase of the single waveforms serial number of the single waveforms The characteristics of the object to be tested are derived from the deviation of the received values against the transmitted values. Recommendation 0.81lAppendix 1 (06198) 1 1.1.3 Transmitter Transmit freq
26、uencies - 35 signals (cosine) simultaneously; - - Accuracy: 1 x Transmit level (multitone test signal) +10 to 40 n = 2 to 36 in steps of 100 Hz from 200 to 3600 Hz, or see Notes 1 and 2; - Accuracy at 1000 Hz 0.2 dl3 - Frequency response 0.1 dl3 - Harmonic distortion 40 dl3 - Spurious distortion at
27、+10 dl3m 50 dl3 - Phase constellation n: 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 8, 15, 22, 29,36 O 2d7 4d7 6d7 8d7 1 Od7 12d7 9, 12, 20, 24,35 10, 16, 18, 26, 11, 13, 31, 33 21, 23, 27, 32 14, 19, 25, 30 7, 17 28,34 37 (Note 1) 1 (Note 1) 38 (Note 1) Receiver The receiver takes into account the level and the phase constella
28、tion of the transmitted signal. 1.2 With the technical means available today the multitone test signal can be generated at low cost with excellent stability of frequency, amplitude and phase. The quantity of 35 discrete signals and thus test points in the frequency range 200 to 3600 Hz is quite adeq
29、uate for the testing requirements occurring in practice. Optionally, the frequency band can be widened according to Note 1. When the received signal is evaluated, e.g. with the aid of a Fourier analysis to determine amplitude/frequency response andor phase or group delay, a test cycle time, allowing
30、 for processing time and screen display time, of only less than one second is needed. This short test cycle is of great advantage mainly when equalization work has to be done. Because the MTTS is normally a continuous signal there are no settling time problems which occur using a sweep mode signal.
31、The MTTS is an ideal band-limited “noise signal” for determining the rms bandwidth of filters, for example for the filter (psophometric weighting) in Recommendation 0.41 or for calibrating PCM instruments measuring quantizing distortion. Considering the ripple at the frequency response curve one can
32、 recognize very clearly that there are frequency components caused by any non-linearity of an item under test. Using the Fourier analysis to evaluate the received MTTS one can recognize both the amplitude and frequency of unwanted signals; that means, the procedure works like a swept selective recei
33、ver. The period of this MTTS is 10 ms (which corresponds to one period of a 100-Hz fundamental). Since for Fourier analysis it is sufficient to sample just one period of the test signal, i.e. 10 ms, at the receiving side, and 10 ms plus at the sending side, measurements could be performed during cor
34、respondingly short gaps in the speech or data transmission signal. These gaps occur in any case in these signals, or they may be created by technical means. Advantages of the multitone test signal 2 Recommendation 0.81lAppendix 1 (06198) The use of the MTTS in combination with the Fourier analysis m
35、akes it possible to provide measurements of parameters which normally require filters; e.g. weighted noise, quantizing distortion, selective crosstalk, etc. In these cases filtering is provided by appropriate calculations in the microcomputer carrier out for the frequency domain of the input signal.
36、 For measurements including PCM sections it is not necessary to shift the frequencies in order to avoid submultiples of 8 kHz, in this case a MTTS without frequency shift leads into a frequency response with a ripple of up to I 0.1 dl3. With the help of an averaging procedure (e.g. 4 or 16 measuring
37、 cycles) the ripple can be reduced to a negligible value. A further possibility to reduce the ripple is to use shifted frequencies of II x 101.56 Hz, according to Note 2. In this case the ripple is less than I 0.05 dl3 after one measuring cycle; even this relatively small error can be reduced by an
38、averaging procedure. 1.3 Practical experience Since 1981, instruments using multitone test signals have been used by various Administrations all over the world. Measurement results are obtained quickly and unambigously and are compatible with those obtained with conventional methods. The USSR Teleco
39、mmunication Administration is investigating theoretically and practically the MTTS in order to determine the best use for further applications. Recommendation 0.81lAppendix 1 (06198) 3 ITU-T RECOMMENDATIONS SERIES Series A Series B Series C Series D Series E Series F Series G Series H Series I Serie
40、s J Series K Series L Series M Series N Series O Series P Series Q Series R Series S Series T Series U Series V Series X Series Y Series Z Organization of the work of the ITU-T Means of expression: definitions, symbols, classification General telecommunication statistics General tariff principles Ov
41、erall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors Non-telephone telecommunication services Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks Audiovisual and multimedia systems Integrated services digital network Transmission of television, sound programme and
42、 other multimedia signals Protection against interference Construction, installation and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant TMN and network maintenance: international transmission systems, telephone circuits, telegraphy, facsimile and leased circuits Maintenance: international
43、sound programme and television transmission circuits Specifications of measuring equipment Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks Switching and signalling Telegraph transmission Telegraph services terminal equipment Terminals for telematic services Telegraph switching Data communication over the telephone network Data networks and open system communications Global information infrastructure Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems
