1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Series L TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 4 (04/2016) SERIES L: ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEME
2、NTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT Guidelines for developing a sustainable e-waste management system ITU-T L-series Recommendations Supplement 4 ITU-T L-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS O
3、F OUTSIDE PLANT OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES Cable structure and characteristics L.100L.124 Cable evaluation L.125L.149 Guidance and installation technique L.150L.199 OPTICAL INFRASTRUCTURES Infrastructure including node element (except cables) L.200L.249 General aspects and network design L.250L.299 MAINTE
4、NANCE AND OPERATION Optical fibre cable maintenance L.300L.329 Infrastructure maintenance L.330L.349 Operation support and infrastructure management L.350L.379 Disaster management L.380L.399 PASSIVE OPTICAL DEVICES L.400L.429 MARINIZED TERRESTRIAL CABLES L.430L.449 For further details, please refer
5、to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. L series Supplement 4 (04/2016) i Supplement 4 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations Guidelines for developing a sustainable e-waste management system Summary Supplement 4 to the L series of Recommendations provides a set of guidelines that countries can refer to wh
6、en designing or adjusting their e-waste management systems. It provides guidance on policy/legal framework, collection mechanisms, financial mechanisms and engagement with all relevant stakeholders. It has been developed in response to WTSA Resolution 79 (Dubai, 2012), which instructs ITU-T Study Gr
7、oup 5 to develop guidelines for developing an adequate e-waste management system for telecommunications and ICT equipment as well as to respond to Plenipotentiary Resolutions 182 and 200 (Busan, 2014). Edition 2 introduces minor editorial updates to the Supplement. History Edition Recommendation App
8、roval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T L Suppl. 4 2014-12-19 5 11.1002/1000/12432 2.0 ITU-T L Suppl. 4 2016-04-27 5 11.1002/1000/12890 Keywords Dismantling plants, electronic equipment, end-of-life, extended producer responsibility, e-waste, e-waste management, e-waste fund, framework, guideline, in
9、formal sector, mechanisms, obsolescence, producer compliance schemes, recycling, refurbishment, repair, reuse, reverse logistics, secondary raw materials, second-hand EEE, used EEE, waste, waste hierarchy, waste sorting, WEEE. _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in t
10、he address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii L series Supplement 4 (04/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunica
11、tions, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunicati
12、ons on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure l
13、aid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this publication, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunicat
14、ion administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this publication is voluntary. However, the publication may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the publication is achieved when all of these mandatory prov
15、isions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the publication is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to t
16、he possibility that the practice or implementation of this publication may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of
17、the publication development process. As of the date of approval of this publication, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information
18、 and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. L series Supplement 4 (04/2016) iii Table of Conten
19、ts Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Definitions 1 2.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 2.2 Terms defined in this Supplement 2 3 Abbreviations and acronyms 3 4 Scope for regulation and standardization . 4 5 Definition of waste electrical and electronic equipment 5 6 E-waste management system design 6 7 General legal requ
20、irements . 7 7.1 Use of manufacturer and equipment identifiers . 8 7.2 Financing models 8 7.3 Collection phase . 9 7.4 Processing phase . 10 7.5 Information responsibility 11 7.6 Enforcement mechanisms and sanctions 11 7.7 Targets and reporting obligations . 12 8 International standards 13 9 List of
21、 indicators . 13 Appendix I Definitions of waste electrical and electronic equipment 15 Appendix II “Overview of electrical and electronic equipment properties and their influences on end-of-life management“ 19 Appendix III Materials, substances, components and hazardous properties in electrical and
22、 electronic equipment 20 Appendix IV SWOT analysis of baseline conditions for e-waste system design . 22 Appendix V Hazardous materials contained in e-waste . 23 Bibliography. 25 L series Supplement 4 (04/2016) 1 Supplement 4 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations Guidelines for developing a sustainable
23、e-waste management system 1 Scope This Supplement provides a set of guidelines that countries can refer to when designing or adjusting their e-waste management systems. It provides guidance on policy/legal frameworks, collection mechanisms, financial mechanisms and engagement with all relevant stake
24、holders. 2 Definitions 2.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Supplement uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 2.1.1 audit b-ISO/IEC 17000: Systematic, independent, documented process for obtaining records, statements of fact or other relevant information and assessing them objectively to determine
25、the extent to which specified requirements are fulfilled. 2.1.2 component b-SBC, 2011: Element with electrical or electronic functionality connected together with other components, usually by soldering to a printed wiring board, to create an electronic circuit with a particular function (for example
26、, an amplifier, radio receiver or oscillator). 2.1.3 discarded b-StEP, 2014: It is the critical point at which the potential nature of the item changes from a useful product to that of waste“. It does not include equipment which “can be directly re-used by someone else for the same purpose for which
27、 the product was originally designed b-StEP, 2014. 2.1.4 electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) b-EU, 2012/19/EU: Equipment which is dependent on electric currents or electromagnetic fields in order to work properly and equipment for the generation, transfer and measurement of such currents and f
28、ields and designed for use with a voltage rating not exceeding 1000 volts for alternating current and 1500 volts for direct current. 2.1.5 disposal b-StEP, 2014: Material that cannot be recycled into raw material for use in manufacture of new EEE or other products would need to be disposed of using
29、other methods, such as energy recovery or landfill. 2.1.6 distributor b-EU, 2012/19/EU: Any natural or legal person in the supply chain, who makes an EEE available on the market. A distributor may also be a producer. 2.1.7 formal sector b-PMID: Represents the e-waste that is regulated by environment
30、al protection laws specifically designed for e-waste. 2.1.8 gate fees b-Chalmin: The “exchange value“ associated to waste electrical and electronic equipment. It identifies the monetary flow from collection or treatment facilities operators to producer compliance schemes when the e-waste value is hi
31、gher than management costs, e.g., recovery, recycling, re-use. The inverse money transfer takes place when e-waste management activities generate a net cost for the facility. Some of the factors that concur to determine the gate fee are the potential energy generated, the presence of recoverable mat
32、erials and the ratio between secondary and primary raw materials price. 2.1.9 generation (of WEEE) b-UNU, 2014: The weight of discarded products (waste) due to national consumption from a national territory in a given reporting year prior any activity (collection, reuse, treatment or export). 2 L se
33、ries Supplement 4 (04/2016) 2.1.10 illegal traffic b-Basel: Any trans-boundary movement of hazardous wastes or other wastes that has not been notified nor received consent, or whose consent has been obtained “through falsification, misrepresentation or fraud“; whose content “does not conform in a ma
34、terial way with the documents“ or “that results in deliberate disposal“ (b-Basel, article 9). 2.1.11 lifetime (or residence time) of electrical and electronic equipment b-PMID: The time the equipment spends at household, businesses and the public sector is called the lifetime or residence time. This
35、 includes the exchange of second hand equipment among and between households, and businesses. 2.1.12 orphan waste b-Hester: Products deposited for recycling that are the responsibility of a company that is either no longer present in the market or has not paid for its recycling. 2.1.13 put-on-the-ma
36、rket b-EU, 2012/19/EU: First making available of a product on the market within the territory of a State on a professional basis. 2.1.14 producer b-EU, 2012/19/EU: any natural or legal person, established in a state, who manufactures or markets or resells EEE under his own name or trademark; places
37、on the market of that state, on a professional basis, EEE from a third country or from another state; or sells EEE by means of distance communication directly to private households or to users other than private households in a state, and is established in another state or in a third country. 2.1.15
38、 recovery b-EU, 2012/19/EU: Any operation the principal result of which is waste serving a useful purpose by replacing other materials that would otherwise have been used to fulfil a particular function, or waste being prepared to fulfil that function, in the plant or in the wider economy. 2.1.16 re
39、cycling b-EU, 2012/19/EU: Any recovery operation by which waste materials are reprocessed into products or materials whether for the original or other purposes. It includes the reprocessing of organic material but does not include energy recovery and the reprocessing into materials that are to be us
40、ed as fuels or for back-filling operations. 2.1.17 re-use b-StEP, 2012a: Re-use of electrical and electronic equipment or its components is to continue to use of it (for the same purpose for which it was conceived beyond the point at which its specifications fail to meet the requirements of the curr
41、ent owner and the owner has ceased use of the product. 2.1.18 treatment b-EU, 2012/19/EU: Recovery or disposal operations, including preparation prior to recovery or disposal. 2.1.19 used electrical and electronic equipment b-StEP 2014: Any electrical and electronic equipment that is discarded by th
42、e owner as waste with the intention of re-use “for the same purpose for which it was conceived beyond the point at which its specifications fail to meet the requirements of the current owner and the owner has ceased use of the product. Products could be donated or traded before or in this phase“. 2.
43、1.20 waste electrical and electronic equipment: “Electrical or electronic equipment which is “Any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard“ b-EU, 2008/98/EC, “including all components, sub-assemblies and consumables which are part of the product at the time
44、of discarding“ b-EU, 2012/19/EU. 2.2 Terms defined in this Supplement This Supplement defines the following terms: 2.2.1 exporter of WEEE: Any person under the jurisdiction of the state of export who arranges for waste electrical and electronic equipment to be exported. (Adapted from the Basel Conve
45、ntion b-Basel.) L series Supplement 4 (04/2016) 3 2.2.2 importer of WEEE: Any person under the jurisdiction of the state of import who arranges for waste electrical and electronic equipment to be imported. (Adapted from the Basel Convention b-Basel.) 3 Abbreviations and acronyms This Supplement uses
46、 the following abbreviations and acronyms: AC Alternating Current Al Aluminium Ag Silver Au Gold CFC Chlorofluorocarbons CRT Cathode Ray Tube Cu Copper DC Direct Current DVD Digital Versatile Disc EEE Electrical and Electronic Equipment EHS Environment, Health and Safety EPR Extended Producer Respon
47、sibility EOL End Of Life EU European Union Fe Iron ID Identifiers IT Information Technology MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forests PCB Printed Circuit Board, Polychlorinated Biphenyl PCS Producer Compliance Scheme Pd Palladium POM Put-On-the-Market ppm parts per million QR-Code Quick Response-Code
48、 RFID Radio Frequency Identification StEP Solve the E-waste Problem TV Television UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNU United Nations University UPA Universal Power Adapter US-EPA United States-Environmental Protection Agency WEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment 4 L series Supplem
49、ent 4 (04/2016) 4 Scope for regulation and standardization This Supplement draws the attention of policy makers to one of the main environmental problems and economic opportunity of our time: the generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Manifold are the reasons why countries should establish or reinforce their e-waste management national systems. According to the European Union WEEE directive, the appropriate management of WEEE is para
