1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T X.911TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (05/2005) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY Open distributed processing Information technology Open distributed processing Reference model Enterprise language ITU-T Recomm
2、endation X.911 ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities X.1X.19 Interfaces X.20X.49 Transmission, signalling and switching X.50X.89 Network aspects X.90X.149 Maintenance X.150X.179 Administrative arrangements X
3、.180X.199 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION Model and notation X.200X.209 Service definitions X.210X.219 Connection-mode protocol specifications X.220X.229 Connectionless-mode protocol specifications X.230X.239 PICS proformas X.240X.259 Protocol Identification X.260X.269 Security Protocols X.270X.279 Lay
4、er Managed Objects X.280X.289 Conformance testing X.290X.299 INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS General X.300X.349 Satellite data transmission systems X.350X.369 IP-based networks X.370X.379 MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS X.400X.499DIRECTORY X.500X.599 OSI NETWORKING AND SYSTEM ASPECTS Networking X.600X.629 Ef
5、ficiency X.630X.639 Quality of service X.640X.649 Naming, Addressing and Registration X.650X.679 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) X.680X.699 OSI MANAGEMENT Systems Management framework and architecture X.700X.709 Management Communication Service and Protocol X.710X.719 Structure of Management In
6、formation X.720X.729 Management functions and ODMA functions X.730X.799 SECURITY X.800X.849 OSI APPLICATIONS Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery X.850X.859 Transaction processing X.860X.879 Remote operations X.880X.889 Generic applications of ASN.1 X.890X.899 OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.900X.999
7、TELECOMMUNICATION SECURITY X.1000 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T Rec. X.911 (05/2005) i INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 15414 ITU-T RECOMMENDATION X.911 Information technology Open distributed processing Reference model Enterprise language Summary This R
8、ecommendation | International Standard provides: a) a language (the enterprise language) comprising concepts, structures, and rules for developing, representing, and reasoning about a specification of an Open Distributed Processing (ODP) system from the enterprise viewpoint (as defined in ITU-T Rec.
9、 X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3); b) rules which establish correspondences between the enterprise language and the other viewpoint languages (defined in ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3) to ensure the overall consistency of a specification. Source ITU-T Recommendation X.911 was approved on 14 May 2005 by
10、 ITU-T Study Group 17 (2005-2008) under the ITU-T Recommendation A.8 procedure. An identical text is also published as ISO/IEC 15414. ii ITU-T Rec. X.911 (05/2005) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications. Th
11、e ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standa
12、rdization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information
13、technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Com
14、pliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure e.g. interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other ob
15、ligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementa
16、tion of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As
17、of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged
18、to consult the TSB patent database. ITU 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. ITU-T Rec. X.911 (05/2005) iii CONTENTS Page Introduction . iv 0.1 RM-ODP. iv 0.2 Overview and motivation iv 1 Scope
19、. 1 2 Normative references 1 2.1 Identical ITU-T Recommendations | International Standards 1 3 Terms and definitions 2 3.1 Definitions from ODP standards 2 3.2 Definitions from ODP standards extended in this specification. 3 4 Abbreviations 3 5 Conventions 4 6 Concepts. 4 6.1 System concepts . 4 6.2
20、 Community concepts . 4 6.3 Behaviour concepts . 4 6.4 Policy concepts. 5 6.5 Accountability concepts . 5 7 Structuring rules. 6 7.1 Overall structure of an enterprise specification 6 7.2 Contents of an enterprise specification 6 7.3 Community rules 7 7.4 Enterprise object rules 9 7.5 Common communi
21、ty types . 9 7.6 Lifecycle of a community . 9 7.7 Objective rules . 10 7.8 Behaviour rules. 11 7.9 Policy rules 12 7.10 Accountability rules. 15 8 Compliance, completeness and field of application 16 8.1 Compliance 16 8.2 Completeness . 16 8.3 Field of application 17 9 Enterprise language compliance
22、 17 10 Conformance and reference points . 17 11 Consistency rules 17 11.1 Viewpoint correspondences. 18 11.2 Enterprise and information specification correspondences. 18 11.3 Enterprise and computational specification correspondences 19 11.4 Enterprise and engineering specification correspondences.
23、20 11.5 Enterprise and technology specification correspondence . 20 Annex A Model of the enterprise language concepts (This annex does not form an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard) 21 Annex B Explanations and examples (This annex does not form an integral part of this Re
24、commendation | International Standard) 24 B.1 First example Specification of an e-commerce system 24 B.2 Second example Specification of a library . 33 INDEX 40 iv ITU-T Rec. X.911 (05/2005) Introduction The rapid growth of distributed processing has led to the adoption of the Reference Model of Ope
25、n Distributed Processing (RM-ODP). This Reference Model provides a coordinating framework for the standardization of open distributed processing (ODP). It creates an architecture within which support of distribution, interworking, and portability can be integrated. This architecture provides a frame
26、work for the specification of ODP systems. The Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing is based on precise concepts derived from current distributed processing developments and, as far as possible, on the use of formal description techniques for specification of the architecture. This Recomme
27、ndation | International Standard refines and extends the definition of how ODP systems are specified from the enterprise viewpoint, and is intended for the development or use of enterprise specifications of ODP systems. 0.1 RM-ODP The RM-ODP consists of: Part 1: ITU-T Rec. X.901 | ISO/IEC 10746-1: O
28、verview: which contains a motivational overview of ODP, giving scoping, justification and explanation of key concepts, and an outline of the ODP architecture. It contains explanatory material on how the RM-ODP is to be interpreted and applied by its users, who may include standards writers and archi
29、tects of ODP systems. It also contains a categorization of required areas of standardization expressed in terms of the reference points for conformance identified in ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3. This part is informative. Part 2: ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2: Foundations: which contains
30、the definition of the concepts and analytical framework for normalized description of (arbitrary) distributed processing systems. It introduces the principles of conformance to ODP standards and the way in which they are applied. This is only to a level of detail sufficient to support ITU-T Rec. X.9
31、03 | ISO/IEC 10746-3 and to establish requirements for new specification techniques. This part is normative. Part 3: ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3: Architecture: which contains the specification of the required characteristics that qualify distributed processing as open. These are the constrain
32、ts to which ODP standards shall conform. It uses the descriptive techniques from ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2. This part is normative. Part 4: ITU-T Rec. X.904 | ISO/IEC 10746-4: Architectural semantics: which contains a formalization of the ODP modelling concepts defined in ITU-T Rec. X.902 |
33、 ISO/IEC 10746-2 clauses 8 and 9. The formalization is achieved by interpreting each concept in terms of the constructs of one or more of the different standardized formal description techniques. This part is normative. ITU-T Rec. X.911 | ISO/IEC 15414: Enterprise language: this Recommendation | Int
34、ernational Standard. 0.2 Overview and motivation Part 3 of the Reference Model, ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3, defines a framework for the specification of ODP systems comprising: 1) five viewpoints, called enterprise, information, computational, engineering and technology, which provide a basi
35、s for the specification of ODP systems; 2) a viewpoint language for each viewpoint, defining concepts and rules for specifying ODP systems from the corresponding viewpoint. The purpose of this Recommendation | International Standard is to: Refine and extend the enterprise language defined in ITU-T R
36、ec. X.903 |ISO/IEC 10746-3 to enable full enterprise viewpoint specification of an ODP system; Explain the correspondences of an enterprise viewpoint specification of an ODP system to other viewpoint specifications of that system; and Ensure that the enterprise language, when used together with the
37、other viewpoint languages, is suitable for the specification of a concrete application architecture to fill a specific business need. This Recommendation | International Standard uses concepts taken from ITU-T Recs X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2 and X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3 and structuring rules taken from
38、clause 5 of ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3; it introduces refinements of those concepts, additional viewpoint-specific concepts, and prescriptive structuring rules for enterprise viewpoint specifications. The additional viewpoint-specific concepts are defined using concepts from ITU-T Recs X.902
39、 | ISO/IEC 10746-2 and X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3. ITU-T Rec. X.911 (05/2005) v This Recommendation | International Standard provides a common language (set of terms and structuring rules) to be used in the preparation of an enterprise specification capturing the purpose, scope and policies for an ODP
40、system. An enterprise specification is a part of the specification of an ODP system using viewpoints defined by ITU-T Recommendation X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3. The specification of the ODP system can describe any or all of: an existing system within its environment; an anticipated future structure or
41、behaviour of that existing system within the same or an anticipated future environment; a system to be created within some environment. The primary audience for this Recommendation | International Standard is those who prepare and use such specifications. The audience includes ODP system owners and
42、users, including subject manager experts, and developers and maintainers of ODP system, tools, and methodologies. The motivation for the enterprise language is to support standardized techniques for specification. This improves communication and helps create consistent specifications. The preparatio
43、n of specifications often falls into the category referred to as analysis or requirement specification. There are many approaches used for understanding, agreeing and specifying systems in the context of the organizations of which they form a part. The approaches can provide useful insights into bot
44、h the organization under consideration and the requirements for systems to support it, but they generally lack the rigour, consistency and completeness needed for thorough specification. The audiences of the specifications also vary. For agreement between the potential users of an ODP system and the
45、 provider of that system, it may be necessary to have different presentations of the same system one in terms understood by clients, and one in terms directly related to system realization. The use of enterprise specifications can be wider than the early phases of software engineering process. A cur
46、rent trend is to integrate existing systems into global networks, where the functionality of interest spans multiple organizations. The enterprise language provides a means to specify the joint agreement of common behaviour of the ODP systems within and between these organizations. The enterprise sp
47、ecification can also be used at other phases of the system life cycle. The specification can, for example, be used at system run-time to control agreements between the system and its users, and to establish new agreements according to the same contract structure. Enterprise viewpoint specifications
48、may contain rules for inter-organizational behaviour. This Recommendation | International Standard also provides a framework for development of software engineering methodologies and tools exploiting ODP viewpoint languages, and a set of concepts for development of enterprise viewpoint specification
49、 languages. For these purposes, this Recommendation | International Standard provides rules for the information content of specifications and the grouping of that information. Further requirements on the relationships between enterprise language concepts and concepts in other viewpoints are specific to the methodologies, tools or specification languages to be developed. An enterprise specification defines the purpose, scope, and policies of an ODP system and it provides a statement of conformance for system imp
