1、 KSKSKSKS SKSKSKS KSKSKS SKSKS KSKS SKS KS 2005 12 28 KS I ISO 16387 Enchytraeidae (Enchytraeus sp.) KS I ISO 16387： 2005I ISO 16387： 2005 ( ) ( ) KIST ( ) ( ) ： ： 2005 12 28 2005 1013 ： ： ( ) ( 02 509 72625) . 7 5 , . ICS 13.080.30 2004 1 ISO 16387 Soil quality Effects of pollutants on Enchytraeida
2、e (Enchytraeus sp.) Determination of effects on reproduction and survival . 1. Enchytraeus albidus(Enchytraeidae) . , . , . , (Henry) / 1 , 25 0.013 3 Pa . . . 1. . 2. . . 3 , B . 2. . . . KS M ISO 11268 2 2： OECD No.207, 1984 , OECD, 3. . 3.1 (reproduction) 6 3.2 50 % , LC50 50 % 1. LC50 (dry mass)
3、 . KS I ISO Enchytraeidae (Enchytraeus sp.) 16387： 2005Soil quality Effects of pollutants on Enchytraeidae(Enchytraeus sp.) Determination of effects on reproduction and survival I ISO 16387： 2005 2 2. . 3.3 (lowest observed effect concentration, LOEC) (p 0.05). , . 3.5 (effect concentration, EC x) x
4、 %(10, 25, 50) . EC50 50 % . (effect concentration) . 4. . , (2 ) (6 ) (definitive test) . . a) , 14 , . (definitive test) . b) (definitive test) . . (definitive test) 6 (E. albidus ). 3 , ( ) . 3 (cocoon) . NOEC ECx . 5. , . 5.1 Enchytraeus albidus Hence 1837(white potworm： Enchytraeidae, Oligochae
5、ta, Annelida) . E. albidus , 1540 mm ( ). 2 , 4 , (clitellum) . , , , I ISO 16387： 2005 3 , . (races ecotypes) . E. albidus . . E. albidus . . E. albidus ( E ), (life cycle) 18 33 , 12 74 . 5 . Enchytraeus E. buchholzi Vejdovsky 1879 E. crypticus Westheide and Graefe 1992 ( F ). Enchytraeus , . , (
6、15 mm). . 24 . . , . ( ) . . (OECD 202 ) , . . 5.2 OECD 207 KS M ISO 11268 2 , ( ). 10 % (sphagnum peat) (air-dried) (21) mm . . 20 % (kaolinite 30 % .) 69 %(CaCO3 .) ( , 50 % 0.050.2 mm .) 0.31.0 % CaCO3( , ) pH 6.00.5 . CaCO3 , . , 1 . 2 . pH ( 4060 %) 12 . pH KCl c(KCl) = 1 mol/L 1： 5 ( C ). pH C
7、aCO3 . pH D . I ISO 16387： 2005 4 . . . 105 . ( ). , . 5.3 , (rolled oats) . 50 mg ( ). 28 25 mg , . ( .). . 5.4 (bengal red), 6. . 6.1 0.200.25 L , 6 cm , ( ) 20 g . . 6.2 6.3 6.4 1 g 50 g 32 kg 6.5 1 mg 25 mg 200 g 6.6 pH 6.7 ( ) 6.8 6.9 6.10 (incubator) 6.11 jeweller , 6.12 photo basins with ribb
8、ed bottoms 7. (6.1) 2 ( ) 6 ( ) . (202) . . , 16 8 . 400800 lx . , 1 . . (6.10) (80 %) . . I ISO 16387： 2005 5 pH . pH . 8. 8.1 8.1.1 . 5.2 ( 4060 %) . . 8.1.2 ( ) , . 1 . , , . . , . 8.1.3 10 g . (5.2) , . 8.2 20 g . (5.3) (6.11) (5.1) 10 . . 8.3 0.1 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 1 000 mg/
9、kg( ) 5 . 1 000 mg/kg . 10 . 2 , . . A . , . , LC50 . . NOEC EC10 LC50 10 . I ISO 16387： 2005 6 . . 1 000 mg/kg 8 1000 mg/kg 8 (limit test) . 8.4 . NOEC , (ring test) ECx . . OECD . 3 2factor (100 ) . NOEC , 5 (geometric series) . 4 8 . ECx , 12 . 2 6 . , . , 68 . 4 8 . NOEC ECx . ( ). , . 10 . 21 (
10、 ). , 50 mg , 25 mg . . 21 (jeweller , , ). . . 3 3 . 25 mg . 4 , (5.3 ). 6 , . ( A ). , . 8.5 ( ) NOEC ECx . carbendazim , I ISO 16387： 2005 7 . ECx EC50( ) (1.20.8) mg carbendazim/kg ( ). positive control ( negative) . 8 ( 23 ). carbendazim positive control . 1.2 mg a.i./kg (5020) % . 8.6 , AS WHC
11、 . 7 ( ) ( ) 5 AS pH WHCmax AS pH WHCmax 3 1 1 AS AS 0 1. stock 2. 3. .4. 5. 6. pH 1. stock 2. 3. .4. 5. 6. pH 7 14 pH 21 1. 2. 3. 4. 28 35 42 pH I ISO 16387： 2005 8 9. 9.1 . 9.2 14 . ( , .) ( ) . LC50 (probit) ( ). ( 3 ) trimmed Spearman-Krber , Tompson ( LC0 LC100 , LC0LC100 ) . 9.3 9.3.1 21 ( ) .
12、 . , . . a) NOEC ECx b) hormetic ( G ) 9.3.2 NOEC (homogeneity) Kolmogoroff Smirnov Bartlett . . Dunnett Williams (= 0.05, one-side) t (multiple t-test) . Mann Whitney U Bonferroni U (non-parametric) . (limit test) (parametric test) ( , ) , pair-wise Student t Mann Whitney U . 9.3.3 ECx ECx . ECx x % . Fieller15 . . normal(logistic) sigmoid (probit regression) . 10. control . 3 20 % . 10 ( ) , 25 . 50 % . I ISO 16387： 2005 9 11. , , . . a) b) I
