1、 Standard Practice Installation of Thin Metallic Wallpaper Lining in Air Pollution Control and Other Process Equipment This NACE International standard represents a consensus of those individual members who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. Its acceptance does not in any respec
2、t preclude anyone, whether he or she has adopted the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not in conformance with this standard. Nothing contained in this NACE International standard is to be construed as granting any right, by impli
3、cation or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of Letters Patent. This standard represents minimum requirements and should in no way be interp
4、reted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or materials. Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness of this standard in specific instances. NACE International assumes no responsibility for the int
5、erpretation or use of this standard by other parties and accepts responsibility for only those official NACE International interpretations issued by NACE International in accordance with its governing procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. Us
6、ers of this NACE International standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety, environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in relation to this standard prior to its use. This NACE International standard may not necessarily address all potential
7、health and safety problems or environmental hazards associated with the use of materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of this NACE International standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protectio
8、n practices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this standard. CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE International standards are subject to periodic review, and may be revised or withd
9、rawn at any time in accordance with NACE technical committee procedures. NACE International requires that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of initial publication and subsequently from the date of each reaffirmation or revision. The
10、 user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Purchasers of NACE International standards may receive current information on all standards and other NACE International publications by contacting the NACE International FirstService Department, 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston, TX 77084-4906 (telephone
11、 +1 281-228-6200). Revised 2012-06-23 Revised 2003-11-14 Revised 1998-09-09 Approved April 1992 NACE International 1440 South Creek Drive Houston, TX 77084-4906 +1 281-228-6200 ISBN 1-57590-066-1 2012, NACE International NACE SP0292-2012 (formerly RP0292) Item No. 21054 SP0292-2012 NACE Internationa
12、l i _ Foreword Extremely corrosive conditions are encountered by certain types of air pollution control equipment. Such equipment is subject to wide temperature fluctuations and formation of condensates containing sulfuric, sulfurous, and other acids. High-performance metals and alloys are increasin
13、gly being used to resist these environments. The application of these materials to a carbon steel or other substrate as thin metallic linings is commonly called wallpapering. Wallpapering has been identified as a practical and effective method of providing anticorrosive linings in both new equipment
14、 and retrofit installations. Wallpapering is widely applied in response to power industry (utility) flue gas desulfurization (FGD) experiences, and is equally applicable to use in other air pollution control and process equipment subject to corrosive conditions. This standard practice provides techn
15、ical and quality assurance guidelines for handling and installing nickel alloy, stainless steel, and titanium linings in air pollution control equipment (e.g., FGD systems, ducts, and stacks). The concepts and guidance included in this standard may also be useful in other process industries, but may
16、 require modification to meet the requirements of a particular process. This standard is intended to be a basis for preparation of a specification to be agreed on by contracting parties for the installation of wallpaper lining in air pollution control and other process equipment. It is the responsib
17、ility of users of this standard to determine the suitability of specific procedures, metals, and alloys for particular applications. This standard practice is intended for use by those specifying and installing thin metallic linings (nickel alloy, stainless steel, and titanium) in air pollution cont
18、rol and other process equipment subject to corrosive conditions. This standard was originally prepared in 1992 by Task Group (TG) T-5F-5 of NACE Unit Committee T-5F, “Corrosion Problems Associated with Pollution Control,” and was revised by that TG in 1998. TG 129, “Welding: Flue Gas Desulfurization
19、 (FGD) Techniques,” revised this standard in 2003 and 2012. TG 129 is administered by Specific Technology Group (STG) 45, “Pollution Control, Waste Incineration, and Process Waste.” This standard is issued by NACE International under the auspices of STG 45. In NACE standards, the terms shall, must,
20、should, and may are used in accordance with the definitions of these terms in the NACE Publications Style Manual. The terms shall and must are used to state a requirement, and are considered mandatory. The term should is used to state something good and is recommended, but is not considered mandator
21、y. The term may is used to state something considered optional. _ SP0292-2012 ii NACE International _ NACE International Standard Practice Installation of Thin Metallic Wallpaper Lining in Air Pollution Control and Other Process Equipment Contents 1. General . 1 2. Installation of Nickel Alloy Linin
22、gs . 1 3. Installation of Stainless Steel Linings 13 4. Installation of Weld-Attached Titanium Composite Linings . 18 5. Installation of Mechanically Fastened/Bolted Titanium Linings 23 References 29 Appendix A: Weld Reinforcement and Undercut Acceptance Criteria (Mandatory) . 29 Appendix B: Recomme
23、nded Relevant Welding Variables for Use in Developing Welding Procedures for Nickel Alloys (Nonmandatory) . 32 Appendix C: Recommended Procedures for Use in Conjunction with the Weld Procedure Specifications Within This Standard (Nonmandatory) 33 Appendix D: Procedures for Use in Conjunction with th
24、e Welder Performance Qualifications Within This Standard (Mandatory) . 33 Appendix E: Thin-Sheet Wallpaper Lining Welding Processes (Nonmandatory) . 34 FIGURES: Figure 1: Lining Sheet Installation Sequence (Nickel Alloy and Stainless Steel) . 3 Figure 2: Typical Layout for Installation of Lining She
25、ets . 4 Figure 3: Typical Lining Sheet Installation 4 Figure 4: Two-Plane Corner Details 5 Figure 5 Three-Plane Corner Details 6 Figure 6: Plug Weld Designs for Nickel Alloy and Stainless Steel Lining Sheets Using Precut or Prepunched Holes or Elongated Slots 9 Figure 7: Arc Spot Weld Designs for Ni
26、ckel Alloy and Stainless Steel Lining Sheets Using the Melt-Through Procedure . 10 Figure 8: Typical Overlap Design for Titanium Composite Liner Sheets 19 Figure 9: Methods for Fastening Titanium Sheet to Steel Wall Substrates Using Titanium Bolts 25 Figure 10: Methods for Fastening Titanium Sheet t
27、o Steel Substrates Using Threaded Steel Studs or Screws 26 Figure A1: Attachment Weld of Nickel Alloy or Stainless Steel to a Metal Substrate 30 Figure A2: Seal Weld Between Corrosion-Resistant Metals 30 Table A1: Weld Reinforcement and Undercut Acceptance Criteria (A) 31 Table B1: Recommended Relev
28、ant Welding Variables 32 Table E1: Weld Process Comparisons for Nickel Alloys and Stainless Steels . 36 _ SP0292-2012 NACE International 1 _ Section 1: General 1.1 This standard provides technical and quality assurance guidelines for handling and installing nickel alloy, stainless steel, and titaniu
29、m linings in air pollution control equipment such as FGD systems, ducts, and stacks. 1.2 The guidelines in this standard are also applicable to installation of thin, high-performance metallic linings in a wide variety of other process equipment. However, titanium welding procedures contained herein
30、are only applicable to seal welds in air pollution control equipment. 1.3 It is the responsibility of users of this standard to determine the suitability of construction materials specified for particular applications. 1.4 This standard is applicable to wallpapering materials of 1.6 to 3.2 mm (0.063
31、 to 0.13 in) thickness applied as linings over new or existing metallic structures. General safety requirements to perform this work are beyond the scope of this standard. It is assumed that users will incorporate specific safety requirements in accordance with their individual needs. 1.5 New and im
32、proved welding techniques as well as new alloys applicable to wallpaper installation are being developed. References to specific weld designs and techniques in this standard are not intended to preclude the use of newer technology. Use of alternative techniques shall be mutually agreed on by all con
33、tractual parties after adequate engineering analysis. 1.6 The corresponding ASME(1) material specifications may be used instead of the ASTM(2) material specifications cited in this standard. 1.7 While the techniques described in this standard have demonstrated high levels of success, some extreme en
34、vironmental and/or design conditions encountered in the use of air pollution control equipment can result in corrosive conditions so severe that even the most corrosion-resistant construction material will occasionally fail. Such failures generally affect a relatively small percentage of the total l
35、ined surface and may require periodic maintenance. _ Section 2: Installation of Nickel Alloy Linings 2.1 Materials 2.1.1 Nickel alloy lining materials with a nominal content of at least 9% molybdenum (Mo) shall be selected in accordance with the requirements of the particular application and ASTM sp
36、ecifications. Superaustenitic stainless steels are addressed in Section 3. 2.1.2 The nickel alloy lining materials and copies of the certified mill test reports shall be supplied in accordance with approved purchase orders. 2.2 Storage and Handling 2.2.1 All nickel alloy lining materials shall be st
37、ored and handled in a manner that does not result in damage to or contamination of the nickel alloys. 2.2.2 All nickel alloy lining materials (including cut or formed pieces) shall be marked to maintain material identity and separation. These identifying marks shall not be made in such a way as to c
38、ontribute to corrosion of the nickel alloy. 2.3 Design Factors/Fabrication of Nickel Alloy Lining Sheets 2.3.1 Certified mill test reports for all nickel alloy lining materials, including welding filler metals, shall be reviewed by the purchaser before acceptance and use for traceability, identifica
39、tion, and conformance to specifications and standards. (1) ASME International (ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990. (2) ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. SP0292-2012 2 NACE International 2.3.2 All nickel alloy lining sheet installation de
40、tails shall be approved by the purchaser before work begins. A complete layout plan shall be reviewed, and pieces shall be marked according to the plan. Figures 1 through 5 illustrate layout and installation details. Nickel alloy lining sheets shall be sized to facilitate handling and minimize weldi
41、ng. 2.3.3 All internal structural attachments shall be made to the existing substrate. The nickel alloy lining sheets shall not be used to support any internal components or temporary supports. 2.3.4 Joints between nickel alloy lining sheets shall be lap joints (see Figures 1 and 2). Lap joints shal
42、l have a nominal 25 mm (1.0 in) overlap. The overlap shall not be less than 6.3 mm (0.25 in). 2.3.5 Joining nickel alloy lining sheets in corners shall be avoided because corner seal welds are difficult to make and to properly inspect. The technique to be used shall be agreed on by the purchaser and
43、 installer. Two techniques that have been used to avoid this problem are illustrated in Figures 3, 4, and 5. SP0292-2012 NACE International 3 Figure 1: Lining Sheet Installation Sequence (Nickel Alloy and Stainless Steel). NOTE: Only new welds are shown at each step. Offsetting each lining sheet is
44、optional. The sequence of tack welds and seal welds is optional. 1. Tack weld first lining sheet to substrate (tack welds not shown). 2. Attachment weld first lining sheet to substrate (welds exaggerated). 3. Make intermediate lining sheet attachment welds (if required, various patterns). 4. Lap sec
45、ond lining sheet over first lining sheet, tack weld (tack welds not shown). 5. Attachment weld second lining sheet and fillet seal weld to first lining sheet. 6. Make intermediate lining sheet attachment welds (if required, various patterns). 7. Repeat Steps 4, 5, and 6 for each subsequent lining sh
46、eet. SP0292-2012 4 NACE International Figure 2: Typical Layout for Installation of Lining Sheets NOTE: Staggered lining sheet pattern with overlapping, seal-welded sheet edges is shown. Figure 3: Typical Lining Sheet Installation SP0292-2012 NACE International 5 Figure 4: Two-Plane Corner Details NO
47、TE: A diagonal or large-radius corner provides suitable clearance for reinforced carbon steel weld in corner of the substrate, facilitating fit-up and eliminating need to grind weld. SP0292-2012 6 NACE International Figure 5: Three-Plane Corner Details 2.3.5.1 The edge of the nickel alloy lining she
48、et may be bent to fit around the corner, making the overlap on the next sheet on the flat plane away from the corner. (See Figure 4.) SP0292-2012 NACE International 7 2.3.5.2 The nickel alloy lining sheet on each side of the corner may stop short of the corner. A nickel alloy sheet may be bent to form an angle to fit into the corner. Each edge of the angle sheet is seal welded to the adjacent nickel alloy lining sheets on the flat plane away from the corner. (S
