1、2010 年南开大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、选词填空0 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form if necessary. Each word can be used only once. 1 Fertility is falling and families are shrinking in placessuch as Brazil, Indonesia, and even parts of Indiathat people think of_as with children.2 If
2、population policy can do little to_ environmental damage, then the human race will have to rely on technology and governance to shift the worlds economy towards cleaner growth.3 Anger is like a(n)_horse. Unless we govern it, we are at its mercy. So we need to learn how to manage anger.4 They are so
3、absorbed in their conversation that they are totally _ to what is happening around them.5 When asked whether he gets _with the industry, he states that he never gets disturbed since he is passionate with what he does and the people that surround him.6 Normally, at the beginning of war the spirit of
4、the enemy is keen and irresistible. A certain period later, it will decline and_.7 The trick in fundraising is to_money out of people who dont want to give it away.8 The new insurance policy is written without_or mysterious terms.9 The grand jury_her for murder.10 He hesitated about climbing such a
5、small, _ladder.11 The chair has the power to_a meeting. But the power must be exercised for proper purpose.12 American government paid vast_to farmers to supplement their agricultural activities.13 _ on an island, this group of lions should have died out. Instead, in an evolutionary twist, theyve le
6、arned to swim.14 Tobacco industry gives_support to anti-smoking laws.15 _is a particular attitude to the social world, characterized by a distrust of other people.16 China unveiled its plan to double, by 2020, the _income of the 750 million people in the countryside.17 People weep for him and_him th
7、at goes away, for he shall return no more, nor see his native country.18 The more she_my love, the more it grows.19 They just talked about common practice and the toughest issues were_.20 During the run of TV show Friends, the _ of characters all achieved household name celebrity status.二、完形填空20 The
8、re are several things about motorcycling that the average citizen dislikes. A cyclists【C1 】_has something to do with this dislike. Motorcyclists frequently look dirty; in fact, they are dirty. On the road there is little to【C2】_them from mud, crushed insects, and bird droppings. For practical reason
9、s they often【C3 】_in old clothing which looks much less【C4】_than the clothing of people who ride in cars. For the same reason motorcyclists usually wear【C5】_colors. Perhaps this helps to explain why they are sometimes【C6】_of having evil natures. In old【C7】_of long ago, evil characters usually wore b
10、lack. In【C8】_movies the “bad guys“ usually wear black hats, 【C9】_the good guys wear lighter colors. And the machine itself also produces anger and fear. Motorcycles are noisier, though some trucks are even noisier. But trucks are big and cany heavy【C10】_21 【C1 】（A）behavior（B） appearance（C） manner（D）
11、attitude22 【C2 】（A）protect（B） prevent（C） keep（D）restrain23 【C3 】（A）clad（B） put on（C） wear（D）dress24 【C4 】（A）respected（B） respective（C） respectable（D）respectful25 【C5 】（A）black（B） dark（C） light（D）dull26 【C6 】（A）thought（B） aware（C） suspected（D）capable27 【C7 】（A）plays（B） stories（C） times（D）sayings28 【C
12、8 】（A）comic（B） light（C） horror（D）cowboy29 【C9 】（A）as（B） when（C） though（D）while30 【C10 】（A）goods（B） weight（C） loads（D）duties三、阅读理解30 The first peoples to inhabit what today is the southeastern United States sustained themselves as hunters and gathers. Sometimes early in the first millennium A. D. , h
13、owever, they began to cultivate corn and other crops. Gradually, as they became more skilled at gardening, they settled into permanent villages and developed a rich culture, characterized by the great earthen mounds they erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead. M
14、ost of these early mound builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, which has its beginnings near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites in Ohio. The culture spread southward into the present-day states of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Its peoples became great traders, barte
15、ring jewellery, pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains.About A. D. 400, the Hopewell culture fell into decay. Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture,
16、 the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located. This complex civilization dominated the Southeast from about A. D. 700 until shortly before the Europeans began arriving in the sixteenth century. At the peak of its strength, about the year 1200, it wa
17、s the most advanced culture in North America. Like their Hopewell predecessors, the Mississippians became highly skilled at growing food, although on a grander scale. They developed an improved strain of corn, which could survive in wet soil and a relatively cool climate, and also learned to cultiva
18、te beans. Indeed, agriculture became so important to the Mississippians that it became closely associated with the Sunthe guarantor of good crops. Many tribes called themselves “ children of the Sun“ and believed their omnipotent priest-chefs were descendants of the great sun god.Although most Missi
19、ssippians lived in small villages, many others inhabited large towns. Most of these towns boasted at least one major flat-topped mound on which stood a temple that contained a sacred flame. Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples. The mounds also served as cere
20、monial and trading sites, and at times they were used as burial grounds.31 What does the passage mainly discuss?（A）The development of agriculture.（B） The locations of towns and villages.（C） The early people and cultures of the United States.（D）The construction of burial mounds.32 Which of the follow
21、ing resulted from the rise of agriculture in the southeastern United States?（A）The development of trade in North America.（B） The establishment of permanent settlements.（C） Conflicts with other Native American groups over land.（D）A migration of these peoples to the Rocky Mountains.33 The word “barter
22、ing“ in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_.（A）producing（B） exchanging（C） transporting（D）loading34 The word “supplanted“ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_.（A）conquered（B） preceded（C） replaced（D）imitated35 According to the passage, how did the agriculture of the Mississippians differ from th
23、at of their Hopewell predecessors?（A）The Mississippians produced more durable and larger crops of food.（B） The Mississippians sold their food to other groups.（C） The Mississippians could only grow plants in warm, dry climates.（D）The Mississippians produced special foods for their religious leaders.3
24、6 Why does the author mention that many Mississippian tribes called themselves “children of the Sun“(Paragraph 2)?（A）To explain why they were obedient to their priest-chiefs.（B） To argue about the importance of religion in their culture.（C） To illustrate the great importance they placed on agricultu
25、re.（D）To provide an example of their religious rituals.37 The phrase “charge with“ in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_.（A）passed on（B） experienced at（C） interested in（D）assigned to37 The cities in the United States have been the most visible sponsors and beneficiaries of projects that place art
26、 in public places. They have shown exceptional imagination in applying the diverse forms of contemporary art to a wide variety of purposes. The activities observed in a number of “pioneer“ cities sponsoring art in public placesa broadening exploration of public sites, an increasing awareness among b
27、oth sponsors and the public of the varieties of contemporary artistic practice, and a growing public enthusiasmare increasingly characteristic of cities across the country. With many cities now undergoing renewed development, opportunities are continuously emerging for the inclusion or art in new or
28、 renewed public environments, including buildings, plazas, parks, and transportation facilities. The result of these activities is a group of artworks that reflect the diversity of contemporary art and the varying character and goals of the sponsoring communities.In sculpture, the projects range fro
29、m a cartoon-like Mermaid in Miami Beach by Roy Lichtenstein to a small forest planted in New York City by Alan Sonfist. The use of murals followed quickly upon the use of sculpture and has brought to public sites the work of artists as different as the realist Thomas Hart Benton and the Pop artist R
30、obert Rauschenberg. The specialized requirements of particular urban situations have further expanded the use of art in public places; in Memphis, sculptor Richard Hunt has crested a monument to Martin Luther King, Jr. who was slain there: in New York, Dan Flavin and Bill Brand have contributed neon
31、 and animation works to the enhancement of mass transit facilities. And in numerous cities, art is being raised as a symbol of the commitment to revitalize urban areas.By continuing to sponsor projects involving a growing body of art in public places, cities will certainly enlarge the situations in
32、which the public encounters and grows familiar with the various forms of contemporary art. Indeed, cities are providing artists with an opportunity to communicate with a new and broader audience. Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account
33、when executing their public commissions. They are working in new, often more durable media, and on an unaccustomed scale.38 What is the passage mainly about?（A）The influence of art on urban architecture in United States cities.（B） The growth of public art in United Stated cities.（C） The increase in
34、public appreciation of art in the United Stated.（D）The differences between public art in Europe and the United States.39 All of the following are mentioned in Paragraph 1 as results of the trend toward installing contemporary art in public places in the United States EXCEPT_.（A）the transfer of artwo
35、rk from private to public sites（B） artworks that represent a citys special character（C） greater interest in art by American public（D）a broader understanding of the varieties of contemporary art40 According to the passage, new settings for public art are appearing as a result of_.（A）communities that
36、are building more art museums（B） artists who are moving to urban areas（C） urban development and renewal（D）an increase in the number of artists in the United States41 The author mentions Roy Lichtenstein and Alan Sonfist in Paragraph 2 in order to_.（A）show that certain artist are famous mostly for th
37、eir public art（B） introduce the subject of unusual works of art（C） demonstrate the diversity of artworks displayed in public（D）contrast the cities of Miami Beach and New York42 It can be inferred from the passage that the city of Memphis sponsored a work by Richard Hunt because the city authorities
38、believed that_.（A）the sculpture would symbolize the urban renewal of Memphis（B） Memphis was an appropriate place for a memorial to Martin Luther King Jr.（C） the artwork would promote Memphis as a center for the arts（D）the sculpture would provide a positive example to other artists43 The word “revita
39、lize“ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_.（A）show the importance of（B） promise to enlarge（C） bring new life to（D）provide artworks for44 The word “executing“in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_.（A）judging（B） selling（C） explaining（D）producing45 According to Paragraph 3, artists who work on pu
40、blic art projects are doing all of the following EXCEPT_.（A）creating artworks that are unusual in size（B） raising funds to sponsor various public projects（C） exposing a large number of people to works of art（D）using new materials that are long-lasting45 Taking charge of yourself involves putting to
41、rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems: to read, write and compute at certain levels, and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish exce
42、llence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is “intelligent“. Yet men
43、tal hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything its worth, then you are an intelligent
44、 person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimat
45、e weapon against the big N. B. DNervous Break Down.“Intelligent“ people do not have N. B. D. s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives. The life struggles are pretty much the same for
46、each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present
47、 problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N. B. D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems ar
48、e the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.46 According to the author, the conventional notion of intelligence measured in terms of ones ability to read, write and compute_.（A）is a widely held but wrong concept（B） will help eliminate intellectual prejudice（C） is the root of a
49、ll mental distress（D）will contribute to ones self-fulfillment47 It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree_.（A）may result in ones inability to solve complex real-life problems（B） does not indicate ones ability to write properly worded documents（C） may make one mentally sick and physically weak（D）does not mean that one is highly intelligent48 T
