1、2010 年广东外语外贸大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、选词填空0 Read the following passage and choose a proper word from the WORD LIST to fill in each of the blanks in the passage. Each word can be used only once. Write the word you choose for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET in the following way. Example I. Cloze 1. pape
2、r 2. continuously 3. . Now, do the Cloze. Scientists have found that the personalities of teachers have a powerful effect on how they relate to children and adults and how they behave in the classroom. In general, personalities grow out of complex interaction of temperament and past experiences. Ear
3、ly experiences are very important in the【K1】_of the ways that people feel about themselves and others and their ways of responding to situations. The ability to【K2】_in positive and healthy ways appears to be related to a person learning to trust others in their early years and to see the world as a【
4、K3 】_good and nurturing place. Adults who have had their basic needs met in childhood and【K4】_have developed trust in themselves and in the world are【 K5】_to have the ability to support the growth and development of others. People who【 K6】_this basic trust may not have had their needs met in【K7】_way
5、s in their early lives, and this may lead to【K8 】_problems and the need for a great deal of support and reassurance in adulthood. They may have a difficult time【 K9】_nurturing and supportive【K10 】_others. Sensitivity to others and a positive sense of self are essential【K11】_for becoming a person, es
6、pecially a teacher who can support the development of children. Skills in【K12】_trust and developing relationships are【K13 】_as you come to know yourself【K14】_, accept yourself, and then learn more about children and how to work successfully with them. In order to become an【K15】_person, who possesses
7、 awareness and empathy and who is willing to relate to others in nurturing ways, it is necessary to know and accept yourself, to realistically appraise areas in which change may be needed, 【K16】_to see yourself in a lifelong process of growth and change. It is important to be open to new experiences
8、, to【K17】_and deal with feelings, and to experience relationships in ever-increasing depth and【K18】_This self-knowledge is, to a great extent, dependent on developing the ability to observe【K19】_in the same honest and【K20】_way that one learns to observe children. It also involves learning to accept
9、criticism from others as valuable feedback that can provide a source of growth【K21 】_as something to defend【K22 】_or to use to berate or belittle oneself. The capacity for self-knowledge and acceptance is the【K23】_for the quality of compassion that is so important in a teacher. We realize that no on
10、e of us is【K24 】_self-aware, mature, wise, compassionate, and insightful all of the time. All of us have tendencies to be defensive. It is important to develop the capacity for self-awareness and some【K25 】_of the kind of behavior and relationships【K26 】_which we aspire. It is【K27】_important to unde
11、rstand that【K28】_everyone experiences strong and unpleasant emotions like anger and fear【K29】_, it is possible to learn to observe and choose how to respond to these feelings instead of acting【K30】_them in ways that many be destructive.1 【K1】2 【K2】3 【K3】4 【K4】5 【K5】6 【K6】7 【K7】8 【K8】9 【K9】10 【K10】11
12、 【K11】12 【K12】13 【K13】14 【K14】15 【K15】16 【K16】17 【K17】18 【K18】19 【K19】20 【K20】21 【K21】22 【K22】23 【K23】24 【K24】25 【K25】26 【K26】27 【K27】28 【K28】29 【K29】30 【K30】二、短文改错30 As with nations, governance matters profoundly the【M1 】_success of individual commercial enterprises. An examination of businesses th
13、at have sustained success over long periods reveal boards that have governed the【M2】_affairs of the business effectively. Likewise, with businesses that have performed poor, it is rather【M3】_commonplace to track the problems to boards that have not been addressed the issues confronting their【M4】_bus
14、inesses effectively. The popular press shows examples of the latter with regular, whereas the business【M5】_press less frequently highlights boards with strong performance. The management of a corporation is usually accomplished under leadership of a chief executive【M6】_officer(CEO), who reports the
15、board of directors. While【M7】_boards play a variety of roles, effective organizations acknowledge the boards role in selecting the CEO, advising and consenting to the selection of businesses【M8 】_and strategies, overseeing results.【M9】_An important distinct between publicly owned【M10】_businesses and
16、 privately owned businesses is that privately owned businesses tend to owner-managed.【M11】_Because of the owners of private businesses are directly【M12】_involved in their enterprises, they are better informed about the affairs of the business and can reasonably represent their own interests. They ha
17、ve not delegated control on a representative board of directors. Thus the【M13 】_potential conflicts of interest that exist between investors and who have been hired to run the business are not as【M14】_relevant. Even, many of the governance principles that【M15 】_apply to publicly owned businesses are
18、 also applicable to privately owned businesses.31 【M1】32 【M2】33 【M3】34 【M4】35 【M5】36 【M6】37 【M7】38 【M8】39 【M9】40 【M10】41 【M11】42 【M12】43 【M13】44 【M14】45 【M15】三、填空题46 Fill in the following blanks with the correct words and the correct forms of the words given according to the meanings of the sentence
19、s. Write the answers on your ANSWER SHEET in the following way:Example46. prolong, refuse, delay, postpone, lengthenI hope the of the_appointment will not cause you much inconvenience.Write on your Answer Sheet:III. Gap-filling46. postponement 47 48Now, do the Gap-filling.abase, abate, abduct, abhor
20、Such a savage punishment is_to a civilized society.47 benediction, beneficiary, benevolent, blessingA man is _ if his fame does not outshine his truth.48 communicate, commute, compare, compensateTired of wasting time _, Mrs. Jones changes her job to be closer to her kids so that she can spend more t
21、ime with them.49 distinguish, distinction, distort, distractThe animal is quite_by the black stripes above its eyes.50 eligible, elliptical, eloquent, elusiveThis metaphor always _ the students; they feel it quite incomprehensible.51 fall, falsify, familiarize, fantasizeHe has a_scheme that he could
22、 make a million dollars betting on horse races even though he is now penniless.52 withdraw, wither, withhold, withstandThe party is calling for the phased_of troops from the island.53 vaccinate, validate, vanish, vanquishResearchers are trying to develop a_against the disease H1N1.54 tumor, tumult,
23、tuna, tunnelThe Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution that followed caused a _ transformation in Europe.55 snap, sneak, sneeze, sniggerWe are honest people and we will do anything above board and will never act _.56 reveal, revere, reverie, reverseDont panic! The decline in this industry is co
24、mpletely_and it wont be as pathetic as now.57 permeate, perpetrate, perpetuate, persevere A contented mind is a _ feast.58 opponent, opposition, orderly, orthodoxThis writer is courageous enough to challenge many of the established_.59 monopoly, monotone, monster, monumentLeonardo da Vinci spent yea
25、rs on his_painting, which covered the whole roof of the church.60 loss, louse, lubricant, lullabyCredit is vital in trade. As a matter of fact, the availability of credit_the channels of trade.四、阅读理解60 The American Cancer Society, which has long been a staunch defender of most cancer screening, is n
26、ow saying that the benefits of detecting many cancers, especially breast and prostate, have been overstated. It is quietly working on a message, to put on its Web site early next year, to emphasize that screening for breast and prostate cancers and certain other cancers can come with a real risk of
27、over treating many small cancers while missing cancers that are deadly.The cancer societys decision to reconsider its message about the risks as well as potential benefits of screening was spurred in part by an analysis published Wednesday in The Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. Otis
28、 Brawley, chief medical officer of the cancer society, said.In it, researchers report a 40 percent increase in breast cancer diagnoses and a near doubling of early stage cancers, but just a 10 percent decline in cancers that have spread beyond the breast to the lymph nodes or elsewhere in the body.
29、With prostate cancer, the situation is similar, the researchers report.If breast and prostate cancer screening really fulfilled their promise, the researchers note, cancers that once were found late, when they were often incurable, would now be found early, when they could be cured. A large increase
30、 in early cancers would be balanced by a corresponding decline in late-stage cancers. That is what happened with screening for colon and cervical cancers. But not with breast and prostate cancers.Still, the researchers and others say, they do not think all screening willor shouldgo away.Instead, the
31、y say that when people make a decision about being screened, they should understand what is known about the risks and benefits. For now, those risks are not emphasized in the cancer societys mammogram message which states that a mammogram is“ one of the best things a woman can do to protect her heal
32、th. “The new analysis finds that prostate cancer screening and breast cancer screening are not so different. Both have a problem that runs counter to everything people have been told about cancer; They are finding cancers that do not need to be found because they would never spread and kill or even
33、be noticed if left alone. That has led to a huge increase in cancer diagnoses because, without screening, those innocuous cancers would go undetected.At the same time, both screening tests are not making much of a dent in the number of cancers that are deadly. That may be because many lethal breast
34、cancers grow so fast they spring up between mammograms. And the deadly prostate ones have already spread at the time of cancer screening. The dilemma for breast and prostate screening is that it is not usually clear which tumors need aggressive treatment and which can be left alone.“ The issue here
35、is, as we look at cancer medicine over the last 35 or 40 years, we have always worked to treat cancer or to find cancer early, “ Dr. Brawley said. “ And we never sat back and actually thought. Are we treating the cancers that need to be treated?“61 The first two paragraphs of the passage show the Am
36、erican Cancer Society_.（A）in shift concerning cancer screening（B） in strong opposition to cancer screening（C） focusing on the benefits of cancer screening（D）overtreating the risks that come with cancer screening62 The author turns to the statistics and follow-up reasoning, the purpose of which is to
37、 tell the reader_.（A）how much American cancer medicine has done to prevent breast and prostate cancer deaths（B） how hard it is for American cancer medicine to do to prevent breast and prostate cancer deaths（C） cancer screening has failed to reduce late-stage breast and prostate cancers as has been p
38、romised（D）cancer screening has failed even to find early-stage breast and prostate cancers as has been promised63 As suggested in Paragraphs 6 and 7, the difference between benign and deadly tumors lies in the fact that_.（A）benign tumors have not been noticed（B） deadly tumors have been left alone in
39、 the early stage（C） deadly tumors, when screened, are already in the late stage（D）benign tumors, when they are found, are already in the late stage64 When hearing Dr. Brawley saying “The issue here is. And we never sat back and actually thought. Are we.?“ , one may be left with an impression that Am
40、erican cancer medicine begins to_.（A）see that 40 years is not enough to find and treat cancers early（B） doubt if it is the right thing to do to find and treat all cancers（C） protest doctors have not felt relaxed when fighting cancers（D）realize doctors have been asked to offer fruitless labor65 When
41、finishing reading the passage, one may conclude that in the past decades American cancer medicine has been_.（A）working so hard that the breast and prostate cancer rates have dropped to some extent after all（B） using cancer screening to protect the health of people, especially of the victims to breas
42、t and prostate cancers（C） trying to cure people of late-stage cancers, especially late-stage breast and prostate cancers, although their efforts dont pay much（D）labeling and treating benign tumors as though they could be lethal when in fact they are not dangerous, but a change is in sight now65 The
43、Obama administration and the Federal Reserve launched a two-pronged campaign to crack down on pay practices across the financial system Thursday, marking an unprecedented foray into the private sector by the federal government on a matter that traditionally has been left to veiled board room discuss
44、ions.President Obamas pay czar, Kenneth Feinberg, announced drastic cuts in pay for 175 top executives at seven companies that received hundreds of billions of dollars worth of federal bailout money during the financial crisis. At a news conference at the Treasury Department, Feinberg said he hoped
45、the new pay structureswhich tie compensation at the firms to their long-term performance and reduces the cash salary some executives receive by 90 percentwould serve as a model for Wall Street and corporate America.Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve issued new guidelines that will restrict pay practices
46、 at all banks to prevent them from paying employees in ways that could endanger the firms long-term financial health. Unlike Feinbergs plan, the Feds guidance would cover all banks, even those that never received a bailout as well as U. S. subsidiaries of foreign companies. “Compensation practices a
47、t some banking organizations have led to misaligned incentives and excessive risk-talking, contributing to bank losses and financial instability, “Feb Chairman Ben S. Bernanke said. “The Federal Reserve is working to ensure that compensation packages appropriately tie rewards to long-term performanc
48、e. “The two moves represent Washingtons most dramatic push to reform executive compensation on Wall Street. The issue has long been controversial, but blew up into a firestorm in March when it was revealed American International Group, the recipient of a $180 billion bailout package, was paying hundreds of millions of dollars in bonuses to a trading division that nearly brought the company and the financial system to its knees.Unlike Feinbergs plan, however, the guidelines do not cap the amount of compensation that banks can give their employees, nor do they prohibit an
