1、2010 年广东外语外贸大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选词填空(总题数：1，分数：60.00)Read the following passage and choose a proper word from the WORD LIST to fill in each of the blanks in the passage. Each word can be used only once. Write the word you choose for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET in the foll
2、owing way. Example I. Cloze 1. paper 2. continuously 3. . Now, do the Cloze. （分数：60.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、短
3、文改错(总题数：1，分数：30.00)As with nations, governance matters profoundly the【M1】_success of individual commercial enterprises. An examination of businesses that have sustained success over long periods reveal boards that have governed the【M2】_affairs of the business effectively. Likewise, with businesses t
4、hat have performed poor, it is rather【M3】_commonplace to track the problems to boards that have not been addressed the issues confronting their【M4】_businesses effectively. The popular press shows examples of the latter with regular, whereas the business【M5】_press less frequently highlights boards wi
5、th strong performance. The management of a corporation is usually accomplished under leadership of a chief executive【M6】_officer(CEO), who reports the board of directors. While【M7】_boards play a variety of roles, effective organizations acknowledge the board“s role in selecting the CEO, advising and
6、 consenting to the selection of businesses【M8】_and strategies, overseeing results.【M9】_ An important distinct between publicly owned【M10】_businesses and privately owned businesses is that privately owned businesses tend to owner-managed.【M11】_Because of the owners of private businesses are directly【
7、M12】_involved in their enterprises, they are better informed about the affairs of the business and can reasonably represent their own interests. They have not delegated control on a representative board of directors. Thus the【M13】_potential conflicts of interest that exist between investors and who
8、have been hired to run the business are not as【M14】_relevant. Even, many of the governance principles that【M15】_apply to publicly owned businesses are also applicable to privately owned businesses.（分数：30.00）(1).【M1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【M2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【M3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【M4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【M5】（分数：2.00）_(6)
9、.【M6】（分数：2.00）_(7).【M7】（分数：2.00）_(8).【M8】（分数：2.00）_(9).【M9】（分数：2.00）_(10).【M10】（分数：2.00）_(11).【M11】（分数：2.00）_(12).【M12】（分数：2.00）_(13).【M13】（分数：2.00）_(14).【M14】（分数：2.00）_(15).【M15】（分数：2.00）_三、填空题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)2.Fill in the following blanks with the correct words and the correct forms of the words
10、given according to the meanings of the sentences. Write the answers on your ANSWER SHEET in the following way: Example 46. prolong, refuse, delay, postpone, lengthen I hope the of the 1appointment will not cause you much inconvenience. Write on your Answer Sheet: III. Gap-filling 46. postponement 47
11、 48 Now, do the Gap-filling. abase, abate, abduct, abhor Such a savage punishment is 2to a civilized society.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.benediction, beneficiary, benevolent, blessing A man is 1 if his fame does not outshine his truth.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_municate, commute, compare, compensate Tired of wasting tim
12、e 1, Mrs. Jones changes her job to be closer to her kids so that she can spend more time with them.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.distinguish, distinction, distort, distract The animal is quite 1by the black stripes above its eyes.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.eligible, elliptical, eloquent, elusive This metaphor always 1 t
13、he students; they feel it quite incomprehensible.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.fall, falsify, familiarize, fantasize He has a 1scheme that he could make a million dollars betting on horse races even though he is now penniless.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.withdraw, wither, withhold, withstand The party is calling for the p
14、hased 1of troops from the island.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.vaccinate, validate, vanish, vanquish Researchers are trying to develop a 1against the disease H1N1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.tumor, tumult, tuna, tunnel The Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution that followed caused a 1 transformation in Europe.（分数：
15、2.00）填空项 1:_11.snap, sneak, sneeze, snigger We are honest people and we will do anything above board and will never act 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.reveal, revere, reverie, reverse Don“t panic! The decline in this industry is completely 1and it won“t be as pathetic as now.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.permeate, perpe
16、trate, perpetuate, persevere A contented mind is a 1 feast.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.opponent, opposition, orderly, orthodox This writer is courageous enough to challenge many of the established 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.monopoly, monotone, monster, monument Leonardo da Vinci spent years on his 1painting, which
17、 covered the whole roof of the church.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.loss, louse, lubricant, lullaby Credit is vital in trade. As a matter of fact, the availability of credit 1the channels of trade.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_四、阅读理解(总题数：6，分数：60.00)The American Cancer Society, which has long been a staunch defender of most
18、cancer screening, is now saying that the benefits of detecting many cancers, especially breast and prostate, have been overstated. It is quietly working on a message, to put on its Web site early next year, to emphasize that screening for breast and prostate cancers and certain other cancers can com
19、e with a real risk of over treating many small cancers while missing cancers that are deadly. The cancer society“s decision to reconsider its message about the risks as well as potential benefits of screening was spurred in part by an analysis published Wednesday in The Journal of the American Medic
20、al Association, Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical officer of the cancer society, said. In it, researchers report a 40 percent increase in breast cancer diagnoses and a near doubling of early stage cancers, but just a 10 percent decline in cancers that have spread beyond the breast to the lymph nodes o
21、r elsewhere in the body. With prostate cancer, the situation is similar, the researchers report. If breast and prostate cancer screening really fulfilled their promise, the researchers note, cancers that once were found late, when they were often incurable, would now be found early, when they could
22、be cured. A large increase in early cancers would be balanced by a corresponding decline in late-stage cancers. That is what happened with screening for colon and cervical cancers. But not with breast and prostate cancers. Still, the researchers and others say, they do not think all screening willor
23、 shouldgo away. Instead, they say that when people make a decision about being screened, they should understand what is known about the risks and benefits. For now, those risks are not emphasized in the cancer society“s mammogram message which states that a mammogram is“ one of the best things a wom
24、an can do to protect her health. “ The new analysis finds that prostate cancer screening and breast cancer screening are not so different. Both have a problem that runs counter to everything people have been told about cancer; They are finding cancers that do not need to be found because they would
25、never spread and kill or even be noticed if left alone. That has led to a huge increase in cancer diagnoses because, without screening, those innocuous cancers would go undetected. At the same time, both screening tests are not making much of a dent in the number of cancers that are deadly. That may
26、 be because many lethal breast cancers grow so fast they spring up between mammograms. And the deadly prostate ones have already spread at the time of cancer screening. The dilemma for breast and prostate screening is that it is not usually clear which tumors need aggressive treatment and which can
27、be left alone. “ The issue here is, as we look at cancer medicine over the last 35 or 40 years, we have always worked to treat cancer or to find cancer early, “ Dr. Brawley said. “ And we never sat back and actually thought. Are we treating the cancers that need to be treated?“（分数：10.00）(1).The firs
28、t two paragraphs of the passage show the American Cancer Society_.（分数：2.00）A.in shift concerning cancer screeningB.in strong opposition to cancer screeningC.focusing on the benefits of cancer screeningD.overtreating the risks that come with cancer screening(2).The author turns to the statistics and
29、follow-up reasoning, the purpose of which is to tell the reader_.（分数：2.00）A.how much American cancer medicine has done to prevent breast and prostate cancer deathsB.how hard it is for American cancer medicine to do to prevent breast and prostate cancer deathsC.cancer screening has failed to reduce l
30、ate-stage breast and prostate cancers as has been promisedD.cancer screening has failed even to find early-stage breast and prostate cancers as has been promised(3).As suggested in Paragraphs 6 and 7, the difference between benign and deadly tumors lies in the fact that_.（分数：2.00）A.benign tumors hav
31、e not been noticedB.deadly tumors have been left alone in the early stageC.deadly tumors, when screened, are already in the late stageD.benign tumors, when they are found, are already in the late stage(4).When hearing Dr. Brawley saying “The issue here is. And we never sat back and actually thought.
32、 Are we.?“ , one may be left with an impression that American cancer medicine begins to_.（分数：2.00）A.see that 40 years is not enough to find and treat cancers earlyB.doubt if it is the right thing to do to find and treat all cancersC.protest doctors have not felt relaxed when fighting cancersD.realiz
33、e doctors have been asked to offer fruitless labor(5).When finishing reading the passage, one may conclude that in the past decades American cancer medicine has been_.（分数：2.00）A.working so hard that the breast and prostate cancer rates have dropped to some extent after allB.using cancer screening to
34、 protect the health of people, especially of the victims to breast and prostate cancersC.trying to cure people of late-stage cancers, especially late-stage breast and prostate cancers, although their efforts don“t pay muchD.labeling and treating benign tumors as though they could be lethal when in f
35、act they are not dangerous, but a change is in sight nowThe Obama administration and the Federal Reserve launched a two-pronged campaign to crack down on pay practices across the financial system Thursday, marking an unprecedented foray into the private sector by the federal government on a matter t
36、hat traditionally has been left to veiled board room discussions. President Obama“s pay czar, Kenneth Feinberg, announced drastic cuts in pay for 175 top executives at seven companies that received hundreds of billions of dollars worth of federal bailout money during the financial crisis. At a news
37、conference at the Treasury Department, Feinberg said he hoped the new pay structureswhich tie compensation at the firms to their long-term performance and reduces the cash salary some executives receive by 90 percentwould serve as a model for Wall Street and corporate America. Meanwhile, the Federal
38、 Reserve issued new guidelines that will restrict pay practices at all banks to prevent them from paying employees in ways that could endanger the firms“ long-term financial health. Unlike Feinberg“s plan, the Fed“s guidance would cover all banks, even those that never received a bailout as well as
39、U. S. subsidiaries of foreign companies. “Compensation practices at some banking organizations have led to misaligned incentives and excessive risk-talking, contributing to bank losses and financial instability, “Feb Chairman Ben S. Bernanke said. “The Federal Reserve is working to ensure that compe
40、nsation packages appropriately tie rewards to long-term performance. “ The two moves represent Washington“s most dramatic push to reform executive compensation on Wall Street. The issue has long been controversial, but blew up into a firestorm in March when it was revealed American International Gro
41、up, the recipient of a $180 billion bailout package, was paying hundreds of millions of dollars in bonuses to a trading division that nearly brought the company and the financial system to its knees. Unlike Feinberg“s plan, however, the guidelines do not cap the amount of compensation that banks can
42、 give their employees, nor do they prohibit any particular pay practices. Rather, the effort requires that banks ensure that their pay practices do not encourage executives, traders, or other employees to take irresponsible risks, such as by offering huge bonuses for making bets without regard to the risks that such bets could lose money in the long term. “Incentive compensation practices in the financial industry were one of many factors contributing to the financial crisis, “ the prop
