1、2010 年武汉大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、选词填空0 Fill in the numbered blanks with proper words. Among the 20 expressions given, only 15 should be used. Make sure the words come in correct forms in terms of both grammar and meaning.know despite significant paragraph prescribe component classcommon eminent diale
2、ct use ridiculous ethic identity meltacknowledge well kitchen list reasonableThe concept of culture has been defined many times, and although no definition has achieved universal acceptance, most of the definitions include three central ideas; that culture is passed on from generation to generation,
3、 that a culture represents a ready-made【K1】_for living and for making day-to-day decisions, and, finally, that the【K2】_of a culture are accepted by those in the culture as good, and true, and not to be questioned. The eminent anthropologist George Murdock has【K3 】_seventy-three items that characteri
4、ze every【K4 】_culture, past and present. The list begins with Age-grading and Athletic sports, runs to Weaning and Weather Control, and includes on the way such items as Calendar, Fire-making, Property Rights, and Tool-making. I would submit that even the most extreme advocate of a culture of povert
5、y viewpoint would readily【K5】_that, with respect to almost all of these items, every American, beyond the first generation immigrant, regardless of race or class, is a member of a【 K6】_culture. We all share pretty much the same sports. Maybe poor kids dont know how to play polo, and rich kids dont s
6、pend time with stickball, but we all know baseball, and football, and basketball. 【K7】_some misguided efforts to raise minor【K8】_to the status of separate tongues, we all, in fact, share the same language. There may be differences in diction and usage, but it would be ridiculous to say that all Amer
7、icans dont speak English. We have the calendar, the law, and large numbers of other cultural items in common. It may【K9】_be true that on a few of the seventy-three items there are minor variations between classes, but these kinds of things are really slight variations on a common theme. There are ot
8、her items that show variability, not in relation to class, but in relation to religion and【K10】_backgroundfuneral customs and cooking, for example. But if there is one place in America where the【K11】_pot is a reality, it is on the【K12】_stove, in the course of one month, half the readers of this sent
9、ence have probably eaten pizza, hot pastrami, and chow mein. Specific differences that might be【K13】_as signs of separate cultural identity are relatively【K14 】_within the general unity of American life; they are cultural commas and semicolons in the【K15】_and pages of American life.1 【K1】2 【K2】3 【K3
10、】4 【K4】5 【K5】6 【K6】7 【K7】8 【K8】9 【K9】10 【K10】11 【K11】12 【K12】13 【K13】14 【K14】15 【K15】二、翻译16 Paraphrase the following idiomatic expressions.(5 x 2 = 10 %)rub shoulders with17 the lions share18 throw in the towel19 take the floor20 burn the candle at both ends21 Paraphrase the following sentences.(5 x
11、4 =20%)It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight.22 From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are.23 They vote their political hunches to protect their political hides.2
12、4 There is a touch of rough poetry about him.25 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative venture.三、阅读理解25 Jack lay, quiet and unmoving, for thirty minutes while a stranger repeatedly stabbed him with sharp needles, causing blood to pour steadily out of his leg. Jack was getting
13、a tattoo. His friend Tony had recently gotten a tattoo, and Jack was so impressed by Tonys bravery and his tattoo that he decided to get one too. Getting a tattoo because your friends and peers have them is just one of the reasons why a lot of young people in North America get tattoos. Peer pressure
14、, media influence, and personal expression are some of the common reasons for wearing tattoos today.The desire to be part of a group, to be accepted by ones friends or peers, can have a great influence on what a person does. Sometimes, wearing a tattoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain grou
15、p. Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group. For example, in one gang all the members may wear green army jackets and have large“Xs“ tattooed on their arms. It is not only gangs that have this type of special “uniform“. Young people often belong to a certain gro
16、up of friends. Some of these groups wear only brand-name clothes. Some wear only black clothes. Others wear tattoos. When a persons friends are all doing something, such as getting a tattoo, that person is more likely to do the same thing, and get a tattoo, too.The media is another big influence beh
17、ind the popularity of tattoos in North America. A wide variety of media images show tattoos. Tattoos can be seen on people appearing in commercials selling expensive cars. Famous sports heroes with tattoos are shown in magazines. Fashion models are often seen in magazines and on TV wearing designer
18、clothes that show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colorful patterns. These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth, success, and status. As a result, many people decide to get a tattoo for its fashion and status value.It is not always the influence of other people or the media that resu
19、lts in a person getting a tattoo. Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature, their beliefs, or their feelingsin other words, to show their individuality. A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm. Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures o
20、f endangered animals on their shoulders. Lovers may tattoo each others names over their hearts. A tattoo can be a public sign to show what is important in a persons life.As you can see, there are many reasons why young North Americans get tattoos. A tattoo can be part of a groups uniform. It can be
21、a sign of fashion. It can be an expression of individuality. The decision to get a tattoo is most often a result of the influence of friends or media or the desire to express oneself. For Jack, it was a mixture of all three.26 According to the essay, media images are linked to_. Choose all that appl
22、y.（A）wealth（B） status（C） success（D）debt27 Jack was stabbed for thirty minutes with a needle because_.（A）he was getting a nose ring（B） he was getting his ears pierced（C） he was getting acupuncture（D）he was getting a tattoo28 According to the essay, some people get tattoos because_.（A）they think it is
23、 fashionable（B） they like pain（C） they think it will wash off in the bath（D）they are religious29 According to the essay, Jack thinks people who get tattoos are_.（A）cowardly（B） brave（C） old fashioned（D）nitwits30 What is NOT the reason for Jacks getting a tattoo?（A）The influence of friends.（B） The inf
24、luence of media.（C） A desire to express himself.（D）A desire to stay healthy.30 Brendans best friend is Tip. Tip and Brendan are inseparable. They teach each other things and they look after each other. Tip has helped Brendan become more responsible, more caring, and a better friend. Brendan is a nin
25、e-year-old boy, and Tip is a ten-year-old dog. Brendan and Tip are an example of how owning a dog can have a positive effect on a childs development. Having a dog develops a childs sense of responsibility, broadens his capacity for empathy, and teaches the nature of friendship.Having a dog helps a c
26、hild learn how to act responsibly. As a dog owner, the child must take care of the animals daily needs. The dog must be fed and exercised every day. A dog is completely dependent on its owner for all its needs, including the need for good health and a safe environment. Therefore, being responsible f
27、or a dog also means taking care of the dog so that it stays healthy. Furthermore, the owner must take responsibility for the safety of the dog and the safety of the people it comes into contact with. If the child forgets any of these duties and responsibilities, or ignores any of the dogs needs, the
28、 dog will suffer. This teaches the child that his responsibility to the dog is more important than his desire to play with his toys, talk on the phone, or watch TV. This is true not only for the care of a dog, but also for the care of oneself, another person, or ones job. Learning how to take respon
29、sibility for the health and welfare of a dog leads to learning how to take responsibility for oneself.Another lesson that a child can learn from having a dog is how to be empathetic. Empathy is the ability to put oneself in another persons, or in this case, another creatures, situation and imagine t
30、hat persons or creatures feelings or problems. A dog cannot express itself with speech, so its owner must learn how to interpret its behaviour. The child must learn to understand what the dogs behaviour means. Is the dog frightened, aggressive, or sick? The child needs to understand what is going on
31、 in the dogs mind. Understanding a situation from the dogs perspective helps the child understand why the dog is behaving in a certain way and what the dog needs. The result of learning to read a dogs behaviour is that the child develops empathy. By learning how to empathize with a dog, the child al
32、so learns how to empathize with other people. This leads to the child becoming a more considerate and caring person.Being considerate and caring are important characteristics in a good friend. One of the most significant benefits of owning a dog is the example of true friendship that a dog provides.
33、 A dog gives unconditional love to its owner. A dog will not stop loving its owner because of a little anger, indifference, or neglect. The dog will patiently for its owner to pat its head and say a few kind words. This acceptance of the negative qualities and appreciation for the positive qualities
34、 of its owner provide a wonderful model of how to be a good friend. A child soon realizes that his dog will always listen to him, will always be ready to play with him, will always protect him, and will always forgive him. A child who has learned to be even half as good a friend to others as his dog
35、 is to him will have learned of the most valuable lessons in life.These are some of the most important lessons a child will ever learn. The benefits of owning a dog will last the childs entire lifetime. The understanding and appreciation of responsibility, empathy, and friendship that a child develo
36、ps from the experience of having a dog will help him or her grow into a reliable, caring, and mature adult.31 A child learns how to be responsible for a dog by_.（A）taking care of the dogs daily needs（B） becoming dependent on the dog（C） taking away a safe environment（D）feeding the dog weekly32 Learni
37、ng how to care for a dog can help children_.（A）to choose the dog over playing（B） to ignore the dogs needs（C） to get welfare（D）to take care of themselves33 Which of the following is a positive result of learning how to interpret a dogs behavior?（A）Becoming empathetic.（B） Being thoughtless.（C） Becomin
38、g arrogant.（D）Becoming selfish.34 As far as loyalty is concerned, which of the following is NOT true?（A）The dog will protect people.（B） The dog neglects its owner.（C） The dog offers unconditional love.（D）The dog is able to tolerate the negative qualities of humans.35 Which of the following is a posi
39、tive result of learning how to interpret a dogs behavior?（A）Becoming arrogant.（B） Being thoughtless.（C） Becoming empathetic.（D）Becoming selfish.35 This year 2008 , Americans elect on a new president on November 4th. Its an important event that happens once every four years. Currently, the president
40、is always elected from one of the two main parties in the United States; the Republicans and the Democrats. There are other presidential candidates. However, it is unlikely that any of these“third party“candidates will win. It certainly hasnt happened in the last one hundred years.In order to become
41、 the presidential nominee of a party, the candidate must win the primary election. Primary elections are held throughout each state in the United States in the first half of any election year. Then, the delegates attend their party convention in order to nominate their chosen candidate. Usually, as
42、in this election, its clear who will be the nominee. However, in the past parties have been divided and choosing a nominee has been a difficult process.Once the nominees have been selected, they campaign throughout the country. A number of debates are usually held in order to better understand the c
43、andidates points of view. These points of view often reflect their partys platform. A party platform is best described as the general beliefs and policies a party holds. Candidates cross the country by plane, bus, train or by car giving speeches. These speeches are often called “stump speeches“. In
44、the 19th century candidates would stand on tree stumps to deliver their speeches. These stump speeches repeat the candidates basic views and aspirations for the country. They are repeated many hundred of times by each candidate.Many people believe that campaigns in the United States have become too
45、negative. Each night you can see many attack ads on the television. These short ads contain sound bites which often distort the truth, or something the other candidate has said or done. Another recent problem has been voter turnout. There is often less than 60% turnout for national elections. Some p
46、eople dont register to vote, and some registered voters dont show up at the voting booths. This angers many citizens who feel that voting is the most important responsibility of any citizen. Others point out that not voting is expressing an opinion that the system is broken.The United States maintai
47、ns an extremely old, and some say inefficient, voting system. This system is called the Electoral College. Each state is assigned electoral votes based on the number of senators and representatives that state has in Congress. Each state has two Senators. The number of representatives is determined b
48、y the states population but is never less than 1 percent. The electoral votes are decided by the popular vote in each state. One candidate wins all of the electoral votes in a state. In other words, Oregon has 8 electoral votes. If 1 million people vote for the Republican candidate and one million a
49、nd ten people vote for the Democratic candidate, ALL 3 electoral votes go to the democratic candidate. Many people feel that this system should be abandoned.36 What is the “ third party“ ?（A）The Republicans.（B） The Democrats.（C） Neither of the two main parties.（D）Either the opponents or the supporters.37 When are primaries held?（A）During the second half of the election year.（B） During the previous year to the el
