1、2012 年北京科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 OECD2 CPI3 ASEAN4 UN Security Council5 weapons of massive destruction6 nuclear proliferation7 euro debt crisis汉译英8 人民币汇率机制9 共同但有区别的责任原则10 以人为本，全面协调可持续发展11 世界博览会12 宏观调控13 实体经济14 京都议定书15 经济适用房英译汉16 Americans entrepreneurial self-esteem is now embodied by Apple, Google,
2、 Facebook and Amazon. These are indeed fabulously innovative companies with world-class business models. Yet one wonders if they are increasingly the exception, not the rule, and if the passing of Mr. Jobs is simply the most prominent example of a broader decline in American entrepreneurship. Accord
3、ing to JPMorgan, employment at start-up companies regularly grew 1. 2m per quarter in the late 1990s. That has fallen to 700, 000 since the current recovery began.Entrepreneurship and innovation, of course, are not the same thing. Yet even if American innovation is fundamentally sound, there remains
4、 the more unsettling problem of how narrowly its fruits are shared. If you want to know why the Senate is on the verge of passing a bill punishing China for its trade practices, look no further than this fact: Apple, Google, Facebook and Amazon collectively employ just 113, 000 people, a third of GM
5、s payroll in 1980. Naturally, as Adam Smith pointed out long ago, the sole purpose of production is consumption, so one should not scoff at the benefits these companies create for Americans in their other role as consumers rather than workers. And in truth, technological advancement has probably don
6、e far more than trade to hollow out the middle class and widen inequality. Slapping China with punitive tariffs is more likely to trigger a trade war than restore millions of middle-class jobs.17 Born in Hawaii, raised for some of his childhood in Indonesia, Barack Obama has since his election wante
7、d to be known as Americas first “Pacific President. “ Until recently, he has not done much to earn the title. That, Mr. Obama declares, is now changing.Allies in Asia have complained about only intermittent American attention to their region. But in a speech to Australias parliament on November 17th
8、, Mr. Obama announced that America is back. “Let there be no doubt: in the Asia-Pacific in the 21st century, the United States of America is all in. “ It was, he said, a “deliberate and strategic decision“ : America was “here to stay. “Senior administration officials back up the president. They talk
9、 of a new “pivot“ in foreign policy towards Asia. They say that much of Mr. Obamas first term has been spent dealing with “inherited“ issues , many of them linked to George Bushs war on terror. But America is now out of Iraq, and there is a deadline to free itself from Afghanistan. So Asia is coming
10、 more into focus. Of course, old problems, such as Iran, can rapidly force themselves back to the top of the presidents agenda, and old European allies still command the most trust. But insiders hope that the Pacific will be the new strategic focus.汉译英18 可持续发展是世界各国的共同愿望。资源短缺、环境污染、气候变化和生活贫困是全人类共同面临的问
11、题，应对这些问题是我们共同的责任，需要加强合作，共同探索新的应对思路和机制。近年来，世界能源需求持续增长，能源价格显著上涨，能源安全和可持续利用成为各国高度关注的问题。大力开发利用可再生能源是加强能源安全、推动经济发展和应对气候变化的根本措施之一。中国代表团愿意与参会各方进行深入广泛的讨论，促进可再生能源的健康发展。19 中国的发展是开放的发展，中国的开放是长期的、全面的、互利的，一切有利于对外开放的政策，我们都会坚持下去。中国始终致力于为外商投资企业创造开放、公平的良好环境。中国高度重视知识产权保护，已经将保护知识产权提高为国家战略，中国也愿意与世界各国进行知识产权的交流与对话。在这里，我要
12、重申，所有依照中国法律在中国注册的企业都是中国企业，它们制造的产品都是中国制造，他们研发的创新产品也都是中国创造。在中国境内注册的外资企业都享受国民待遇。同时，中国的政府采购，对外商投资企业和中资企业在中国生产的产品一视同仁、平等对待。2012 年北京科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)2 【正确答案】 居民消费价格指数(Consumer Price Index)3 【正确答案】 东南亚国家联盟(Association of South-e
13、ast Asian Nations)4 【正确答案】 联合国安理会5 【正确答案】 大规模杀伤性武器6 【正确答案】 核扩散7 【正确答案】 欧元债务危机汉译英8 【正确答案】 RMB exchange rate mechanism9 【正确答案】 the principle of common but differentiated responsibility10 【正确答案】 people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development11 【正确答案】 The World Expo12 【正确答案】 mac
14、ro-control13 【正确答案】 real economy14 【正确答案】 Kyoto Protocol15 【正确答案】 economically affordable house英译汉16 【正确答案】 现今，苹果、谷歌、脸谱和亚马逊几家企业代表着美国的创业自尊，它们确实拥有难以置信的自主创新能力，并有世界一流的商业模式。但我们不禁担心，它们是否逐渐成为例外而非规则，乔布斯的逝世是否仅仅象征着美国创业精神的一大衰落。摩根大通公布的信息显示，20 世纪 90 年代后期，新兴企业的就业人数以每季度 120 万人的速度增长，而这一数据自最近的复苏开始已经降到了70 万人。创业精神和自主创
15、新当然不同。但是，即使美国的自主创新情况基本良好，令人不安的问题依然存在，即其自主创新的成果几乎没有在世界上得到分享。如果你想知道为什么美国参议院可能通过一个处罚中国贸易实务的法案，不妨看看下列事实：苹果、谷歌、脸谱和亚马逊共计雇用 113 万名员工，是通用汽车公司 1980 年的三分之一。自然，亚当.斯密很久之前便指出，消费是一切生产的目的，因此这些公司以消费者而非工人的角色为美国创造的利润，我们不能嗤之以鼻。事实上，在挖空中产阶级、扩大了不平等一事上，技术进步比贸易更加难辞其咎。对中国征收惩罚性关税，更可能引发贸易战争，而不是恢复中产阶级的数百万个工作职位。17 【正确答案】 巴拉克.奥巴
16、马出生于夏威夷，童年曾在印度尼西亚生活过一段时间。自当选以来，他一直想把自己打造成美国第一位“太平洋总统” ，却未曾为赢得这个称号做过多少努力。直到最近，奥巴马宣称情况正在改变。亚洲的盟友抱怨，美国只是偶尔将注意力投向亚洲地区。但奥巴马 11 月 17 日在澳大利亚议会发表演讲，宣称美国回来了。“不要再有疑虑。在 21 世纪，美国将全心投入亚太地区。” 他说这是一个 “审慎而又至关重要的决定 ”：美国“绝不会离开” 。美国政府高级官员们全部支持总统。他们谈到美国对亚洲政策的一个新支点。他们声称奥巴马在第一个任期中花了大量时间处理“遗留” 问题，其中许多都与布什的反恐战争相关。但现在美国撤出了伊
17、拉克，并且也必将从阿富汗抽身。因此，亚洲问题变得更加突出。当然，诸如伊朗这类老问题很快就能再次出现在总统的议程上。与此同时，欧洲那些旧日盟友仍是最值得信赖的。但是内部人士希望太平洋地区成为新的战略重点。汉译英18 【正确答案】 Sustainable development is the common aspiration of every country in the world. The shortage of resources, environment pollution, climate change and poverty are the universal problems fa
18、ced by human beings. Therefore, to tackle these problems is our common responsibility and we need to strengthen our cooperation and jointly come up with new countering thoughts and mechanism. In recent years, the global demand for energy is continually increasing and the price of energy is also risi
19、ng significantly, as a result, energy security and sustainable energy utilization has become a problem attracting great attention globally. Vigorously developing and utilizing renewable energy is the fundamental measure to safeguard energy security, promote economic development and confront climate
20、change. Chinese delegates are willing to conduct deep and broad discussions with all the participating parties for a sound development of renewable energy.19 【正确答案】 Chinas development is open development. Chinas opening-up is long-term, comprehensive and mutually beneficial. We will uphold all polic
21、ies conductive to opening-up. China is committed to creating an open and fair environment for foreign invested enterprises. China gives high priority to intellectual property protection and has already made this a national strategy. We are ready to conduct exchanges and dialogue with other countries
22、 in this field.Here I wish to reiterate that all enterprises registered in China based on Chinese laws are Chinese enterprises. Their products are made-in-China products. And the innovative products based on their research and development are created-in-China products. All foreign invested enterprises registered in China enjoy national treatment. Besides , in government procurement, China gives equal treatment to all products produced in China by foreign invested enterprises and Chinese invested enterprises alike.
