1、2013 年北京科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 Producer Price Index(PPI)2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)3 cap and trade4 middle income trap5 electoral college6 glass ceiling7 Engle Coefficient汉译英8 停火协议9 摇摆州10 单位国内生产总值能源消耗11 扩大内需12 高速铁路13 转变经济发展方式14 资源节约型、环境友好型社会15 循环经济英译汉16 As Chinas economy has
2、boomed over the past 30 years, the number of young people going into private business has grown accordingly. “ Diving into the sea“ of commerce, or xia hai as it is known, became accepted as the way to make money and get ahead, and interest in government jobs declined. Over the past decade, though,
3、in an extraordinary reversal, young jobseekers have been applying in droves for government posts, even as the economy has quadrupled in size.On November 25th the national civil-service examinations will take place, and about 1. 4m people will sit them, 20 times more than a decade ago. Of that number
4、, only 20, 800 will be hired by government(millions more sit the equivalent provincial exams with similarly long odds of being hired). This increase is due in part to a surge in the number of university students entering an intensely competitive market for jobsnearly 7m graduated this year, compared
5、 with 1. 5m a decade ago. It is also thanks to health, pension and(sometimes)housing benefits, which are seen as generous and permanent in a society with an underfunded safety neta modern version of the unbreakable Maoist “ iron rice-bowl“ of state employment.17 China has long fretted that it lacks
6、a great modern literary voice with international appeal. In 1917 Chen Duxiu, an influential intellectual and later founding member of the Communist Party, asked; “Pray, where is our Chinese Hugo, Zola, Goethe, Hauptmann, Dickens or Wilde?“ In recent years this has developed into a full-blown “Nobel
7、complex. “ For a period in the 1980s the quest for a Nobel Prize in literature was made official policy by the party, eager for validation of its growing power and cultural clout.Now, at last, the Chinese have something to crow about. On October 11th Mo Yan, a Chinese writer, won the 2012 prize. The
8、 Nobel committee lauded what it called the “hallucinatory realism“ of his works, which mix surreal plots with folk tales and modern history.Mr. Mo writes within a system of state censorship. He is widely read and respected within China. He is also a Communist Party member and vice-chairman of the st
9、ate-run China Writers Association. When the Nobel award was announced, Chinese television channels interrupted their programming to announce the news. Thousands of Chinas microbloggers congratulated Mr. Mo. A publisher under the Ministry of Education says it was already planning to include a Mo Yan
10、novella in a school textbook.汉译英18 欧洲应对欧债问题走在正确的道路上，当前关键是把各项政策措施落到实处。有关国家应坚持财政整顿和结构改革的行动，巩固和扩大成效，提振各方面的信心。欧盟各国要同舟共济，形成合力，明确传递出坚决捍卫欧元和欧洲一体化成果的信号。国际社会应当更有力地支持欧方做出的种种努力，相信一个拥有雄厚经济基础和科技实力的欧洲，一定有能力、有智慧妥善应对欧债问题，焕发出新的生机与活力。19 40 年前，中美两国老一辈领导人用“跨越太平洋的握手” 开启了中美关系的大门，开始探索不同社会制度、历史文化、发展阶段大国的相处之道。40 年来，中美关系发展的广
11、度和深度，远远超过了当年人们的想象。中美合作将给两国和世界带来巨大机遇，中美对抗将给两国和世界带来巨大损害。无论国际风云如何变幻，无论中美两国国内情况如何发展，双方都应该坚定推进合作伙伴关系建设，努力发展让两国人民放心、让各国人民安心的新型大国关系。中国唐代诗人韩愈有两句诗：“草木知春不久归，百般红紫斗芳菲。” 意思是时不我待，必须奋发进取。中美关系正面临进一步发展的机遇，同时也面临新的挑战。让我们抓住机遇，排除干扰，共同努力，走出一条相互尊重、合作共赢的新型大国关系之路。2013 年北京科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 生产者物价指数2 【正确答案】 政府间气候变
12、化专门委员会3 【正确答案】 限量及交易4 【正确答案】 中等收入陷阱5 【正确答案】 选举团(各州选出总统与副总统的选举)6 【正确答案】 玻璃天花板7 【正确答案】 恩格尔系数汉译英8 【正确答案】 Cease-Fire Agreement9 【正确答案】 swing state10 【正确答案】 energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product11 【正确答案】 to expand domestic demand12 【正确答案】 high-speed railway13 【正确答案】 to transform the patte
13、rn of economic development14 【正确答案】 a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society15 【正确答案】 recycling economy英译汉16 【正确答案】 过去三十年以来，随着中国经济的快速发展，越来越多的年轻人在求职时走向了私营企业。为了赚钱、出人头地，人们渐渐接受了“下海” 这种方式，而对政府职位失去了兴趣。在过去的十年里，中国经济规模翻了两番。然而就在此时，年轻的求职者来了个 180的大转弯，争先恐后地应聘政府职位。11 月 25 日，中国将举行国家公务员考试。届时将有约 140 万人
14、应考，比十年前多了二十倍。在这么多考生中仅有 20 800 人将被政府部门录用(此外还有几百万名考生将参加类似的省级公务员：考试，录取率也很低大概和国家级考试录取率相同)。应考人数相比往年有所增加，一部分原因是进入竞争激烈的市场求职的大学生猛增今年有近 700 万名大学生毕业，而十年前的毕业生仅为 150 万人。在医疗、养老和住房(部分情况下)方面，公务员还享有种种福利，这也是应考人数增加的原因。在毛泽东时代，政府公职是摔不坏的“铁饭碗” 。而当今中国社保资金不足，在人们眼中，公务员享受的这些丰厚、稳定的福利无疑也是一只“铁饭碗” 。17 【正确答案】 长期以来中国人因没有一位具有国际号召力的
15、现代文学巨匠而苦恼。作为一名知识分子的陈独秀，后来的共产党创始人之一，曾于 1917 年问道：“请问，中国的雨果、左拉、歌德、豪普特曼、狄更斯或王尔德身处何处?”这似乎已经成了全中国近几年的“诺贝尔情结” 。在 20 世纪 80 年代曾有过一段时间，共产党把获得诺贝尔文学奖作为官方政策确定下来，渴望世界认可其蒸蒸日上的国力和文化影响力。如今，中国人终于有了可以自鸣得意的谈资。就在 10 月 11 日，中国作家莫言获得了 2012 年的诺贝尔文学奖。诺贝尔委员会称赞其作品中体现出来的“魔幻现实主义”风格，该风格将离奇的民间故事和当代历史融为一体。莫言在国家审查制度下搞创作，在中国广为人知并备受尊
16、重。此外，他还是一名中共党员，同时是中国作家协会副主席。诺贝尔文学奖获得者一公布，中国各电视频道便插播莫言获奖的消息，许多人开始发微博祝贺莫言获奖。一家隶属于中国教育部的出版商声称他们早就打算将莫言的一篇中篇小说纳入教科书了。汉译英18 【正确答案】 Europe is on the right track in tackling its debt issue, and what is crucial now is to fully implement all the policy measures. Relevant countries need to stick to their acti
17、ons of fiscal consolidation and structural reform, cement and expand the results achieved, and shore up confidence of various sides. EU countries need to stick together in times of difficulty, form synergy and send out a clear message of determination to safeguard the Euro and outcomes of European i
18、ntegration. The international community should give stronger support to the efforts made by Europe. We are confident that Europe, with a solid economic foundation and scientific and technological strength, has the ability and wisdom to properly handle the debt issue and will show fresh vigor and vit
19、ality.19 【正确答案】 Forty years ago, the Chinese and American leaders of the older generation opened the door of China-US relations with a handshake across the Pacific Ocean, and this started the process of exploring how our two major countries, different in social system, history, culture and developme
20、nt stage, should treat each other. Today 40 years on, China-US relations have grown well beyond what people could have imagined at that time.Cooperation between China and the United States will bring enormous opportunities to the two countries and the whole world, while confrontation between the two
21、 will bring grave harm to all. Whatever changes may take place in the world and no matter how the domestic situations in our two countries may e-volve, China and the United States should be firmly committed to advancing the cooperative partnership and build a new type of relations between major coun
22、tries that is reassuring to both of our two peoples and to peoples across the world.A poem by Chinese Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu described late springthe plants know spring will soon wave them goodbye, hundreds of red and violet flowers in beauty vie. It shows that time waits for no man and one must w
23、ork hard and keep advancing. China and the United States now face new opportunities to further grow our relations. Were also confronted with new challenges. Let us seize opportunities and remove interference and work together to build a new type of relations between major countries featuring mutual respect and win-win cooperation.
