1、2013 年宁波大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each ge
2、neration of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once showed its
3、 close relationship with literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy
4、of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. During this transfer traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.(25 points)2 Since Darwin biologists have been firmly co
5、nvinced that nature works without plan or meaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution exactly as Darwin knew it and described it be planless and irrational? Do not aircraft design engineers work at precisely that
6、 point where specific calculations and plans give out according to the same principle of evolution when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel in order to choose the one that functions best? Can we say that there is no process of natural s
7、election when nuclear physicists through thousands of computer operations try to find out which materials in which combinations and with what structural form are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor? They also practise no designed adaptation but work by the principle of selection. But it
8、 would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational.(25 points)3 Within a very short time of coming back into power, the present government had taken steps to stabilize the position. First of all, we applied ourselves to identifying the root causes of our national ailments exam
9、ining contemporary evidence and refusing to be slaves to outmoded doctrinaire beliefs. Secondly, we embarked on a reasoned policy to ensure steady economic growth the modernization of industry and a proper balance between public and private expenditure. Thirdly, by refusing to take refugeas the prev
10、ious Government had continually done in the preceding yearsin panic-stricken stop-gap measures, we stimulated the return of international confidence. As a result of those immediate measures and aided by the tremendous effort which they evoked from our people who responded as so often before to a fir
11、m hand at the helm, we weathered the storm and moved on into calmer waters and a period of economic expansion and social reorganization.(25 points)汉译英4 我们将高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表” 重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系，加快推进经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整，着力保障和改善民生，努力巩固经济社会发展良好势头。我们将坚持“一国两制” 、“港人治港
12、”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，同广大香港同胞、澳门同胞携手努力，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定。我们将坚持“和平统一、一国两制” 的方针，继续推动两岸关系和平发展，维护中华民族根本利益，增进两岸同胞共同利益。和平、发展、合作是时代的呼唤，是各国人民共同利益之所在。当前，世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展，各国相互依存日益加深，但世界经济复苏的不稳定性不确定性上升，国际和地区热点此起彼伏，世界和平与发展面临新的机遇和挑战。中国将继续恪守维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策宗旨。(40 points)5 有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大的才能。人际关系就是一种善于听取别人的意见
13、，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力。善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。这就是为什么许多平平庸庸的公司雇员在大调整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反而下岗。因为他们很注意处理各方面的关系，所以八面玲珑，到处有缘。而人际关系差的人往往不能处理好批评。碰到错误，他们首先想到自己，拒不承认自己有错，或情绪低落或大发雷霆，成为有刺的人，难以相处。(35 points)2013 年宁波大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 历史学家对历史的定义都有各自的界定，但现代历史学家的研究趋向于把历史看作是在还原过去发生的重大历史事件并对其做出
14、解释。由于受自身时代及地位的限制，每一代历史学家都在重新定义对于过去的历史来说什么才是最重要的。人们对历史方法的兴趣并不是由外部对历史作为一门学科合法性地位的挑战引起的，而是源于历史学家自己的内部争论。历史曾经与文学以及哲学的关系很密切，但新兴的社会科学似乎提出了新的问题并为理解过去的历史提供了有益的解决方法。当然，社会科学方法论必须调整以受历史资源支配，而不是受当代世界需要的制约。在这个转变中，那些解读历史研究新材料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。2 【正确答案】 自达尔文之后，生物学家们一直深信大自然的运行是没有计划、没有意义的，不会按照设定的路线实现特定的目的。但今天，我们认识到这种看
15、法是一个严重的错误。为什么进化正是按照达尔文所了解和描述的那样既没有计划也没有逻辑呢? 飞机设计工程师为了在风洞中选择运转最好的一个模型，要对大量根据统计数据制造的模型的可靠性进行测试，这时候，设计师们不正是根据同样的进化理论，来进行精细的测量与计算的吗?核物理学家要通过上千台计算机来找出哪些材料，以什么样的结合方式以及要具备什么样的结构形式才能与核反应堆的建造相匹配，我们难道可以说在这过程中没有自然选择吗?他们在调整适应的时候没有做任何计划，但他们是根据选择原理来工作的。但任何人都不会说他们的方法毫无系统与逻辑可言。3 【正确答案】 本届政府重新执政之后，在很短的时间里，采取了一系列措施来稳
16、定局势。首先，我们审视了当前的国情，确定了国家顽疾的根源，避免因循守旧。第二，我们实施了缜密严谨的政策，以实现经济的稳定增长、产业的现代化以及公私支出之间适当的平衡。第三，我们没有延续上届政府前几年的一贯措施，没有因为惊慌失措而采取一些只是查补漏洞的措施，因此我们重新获得了国际信誉。由于采取了这些及时的措施，并得到了一如既往拥护我们的人民的巨大努力，在这些举措的激励之下，我们经受住了风雨的考验，驶进了平静的海域，进入到了经济发展、社会重组的新时期。汉译英4 【正确答案】 We will hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese c
17、haracteristics, follow the guidelines of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, and further carry out the Scientific Outlook on Development. We will continue to properly deal with the relationship among maintaining a stable and relatively fast economic growth, adjusting
18、economic structure and managing inflation expectations. We will accelerate the change of economic development mode and structural adjustment, focus on ensuring and improving peoples livelihood and work hard to consolidate the healthy momentum of economic and social development. We will uphold the pr
19、inciples of “ one country, two systems“, “Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong“ and “Macao people governing Macao“ with a high degree of autonomy. We will work together with our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao to maintain long-term prosperity and stability in the two Special Administrative Region
20、s. We will adhere to the principles of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems“, continue to promote the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, maintain the essential interests of the Chinese nation and enhance the common interests of compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan St
21、raits.Peace, development and cooperation are the calls of the time and serve the common interests of people of all countries. At present, the world is moving further towards political multi-polarity and economic globalization while countries are depending more and more on each other. However, the re
22、covery of the world economy is facing growing instability and uncertainty. International and regional hot issues have cropped up one after another. World peace and development are facing new opportunities and challenges. China will continue to follow its diplomatic mission of maintaining world peace
23、 and promoting common development.5 【正确答案】 Sometimes, what counts in your career is not your professional skills but the interpersonal skills. To deal with interpersonal relationship is to follow others advice, be sensitive towards others demands and take the criticism well. He who is adept at inter
24、personal skill dares to admit his mistakes and shoulder his responsibility, which is a mature and responsible manner towards mistakes. This is why many mediocre employees can keep their position but those talented people are being laid off when there is an extensive readjustment in the company. And
25、those mediocre ones intend to build close relationship with others thus getting lots of friends. But those with poor interpersonal skills actually are unable to accept being criticized. When confronted with faults in the job, they firstly consider themselves faultless and they may be either depressed or furious. Thus, they are considered to be too capricious to deal with.
