1、2014 年中国海洋大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 CBD2 FTA3 NPL4 FOB5 HSK6 NGO7 ISO8 Caller ID 9 BRICS10 Break Pane Law11 Game Theory12 civil liability13 board of directors14 Broad Band Salary Design15 perfect capacity for act汉译英16 水货17 核威慑18 生育率19 稀土资源20 污水处理21 滥用职权22 第三产业23 按揭贷款24 网络经济25 同比增长26 防伪标志27 债务减免28 单边主义2
2、9 国家海洋局30 国有商业银行股份制改革英译汉31 Language varieties correspond to geographical variation, giving rise to different geographical dialects. It should be noted that demarcation lines between regional varieties are drawn not always on linguistic grounds but often in the light of political or cultural consider
3、ations (e. g. the situation of Dutch vis-a-vis German, where a geographical boundary based on linguistic considerations alone would be difficult to determine) . Another misconception surrounding geographical variation is that a given variety has the same status throughout the area where it is spoken
4、 (e. g. the notion that only one variety of English is used in, say southern England). The dynamics of geographical variation are too complex to pigeonhole neatly; the notion of a “continuum“ with inevitable overlaps may be necessary for a better understanding not only of geographical variation but
5、of other types of dialect as well.An awareness of geographical variation, and of the ideological and political implications that it may have, is therefore essential for translators and interpreters. Accent, for example, is one of the more recognizable features of geographical variation and is often
6、a source of problems. We recall the controversy in Scotland a few years ago over the use of Scottish accents in representing the speech of Russian peasants in TV dramatization of a foreign play. The inference was allowed that a Scottish accent might somehow be associated with low status, something w
7、hich, no doubt, was not intended.The difficulty of achieving dialectal equivalence in translation will be apparent to anyone who has translated for the stage. Rendering source-text dialect by target-language standard has the disadvantage of losing the special effect intended in the source text, whil
8、e rendering dialect by dialect runs the risk of creating unintended effects. At a more general level, sensitivity to the various accents and lexicon-grammatical features of different geographical dialects is the hallmark of the competent interpreter at international conferences. (306 words)汉译英32 所谓“
9、情境 ”是指喜怒哀乐的情感，这是诗的灵魂。没有浓烈的情感写不出好诗，然而表现得不好也不成其诗。如果说物境越鲜明越好，那么情境则越含蓄越好。所说的“不著一字，尽得风流” ，就说的是情境。如李白的 怨情：“美人卷珠帘，深坐颦蛾眉。但见泪痕湿，不知心恨谁?” 四句诗勾出一幅素描：珠帘内一个年轻美女，久坐不动，眉头紧锁，渐渐又流出泪水。她究竟有什么幽怨呢?诗人一句也不说，让读者去体会和想象。通常这类诗都是写久被幽禁在深宫中的宫女，那么你可以想见她的苦闷。她可能怨恨父母没有把她嫁出，可能怨恨情人没有和她及早完婚，可能怨恨拉她进宫的官吏，也有可能怨恨冷落她的帝王，更有可能怨恨无情的命运总之，由你去想象，当
10、然是合理的想象。如果在诗中明确说出某一种怨恨，那境界就被限定，诗味就有限了。(340 字)2014 年中国海洋大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 中央商务区(Central Business District)2 【正确答案】 自由贸易协定(Free Trade Agreement)3 【正确答案】 不良贷款(Non Performing Loan)4 【正确答案】 离岸价(free on board)5 【正确答案】 汉语水平考试6 【正确答案】 非政府组织(NonGovernmental Organization)7 【正确答案】 国际标准化组织(Internatio
11、nal Organization for Standardization)8 【正确答案】 来电显示9 【正确答案】 金砖五国10 【正确答案】 破窗效应11 【正确答案】 博弈论12 【正确答案】 民事责任13 【正确答案】 董事会14 【正确答案】 宽带薪酬设计15 【正确答案】 完全行为能力汉译英16 【正确答案】 parallel goods17 【正确答案】 nuclear deterrence18 【正确答案】 fertility rate19 【正确答案】 rare earth resources20 【正确答案】 sewage treatment21 【正确答案】 abuse
12、of power22 【正确答案】 tertiary industry23 【正确答案】 mortgage loan24 【正确答案】 cyber economy25 【正确答案】 yearon year growth26 【正确答案】 anti-fake label27 【正确答案】 debt relief28 【正确答案】 unilateralism29 【正确答案】 State Oceanic Administration30 【正确答案】 equity reformation of stateowned commercial bank英译汉31 【正确答案】 语言随地理变异产生变体，地
13、域方言应运而生。值得注意的是，不同区域的分界线并不总是根据语言来划定，很多时候是由政治或文化因素决定(比如说，倘若单从语言角度来看，荷兰语和德语之间的区别很小)。另一围绕地理变异的误解是，一种特定的语言变体在使用地享有同等的地位(比如有人认为英格兰南部只会使用一种英语变体)。地理变异的动态变化极为复杂，很难进行清楚的界定；要更好理解地理变异而产生的地域方言以及其他类型方言，就必须了解“连续性”的概念，及不可避免的重叠性。因此，笔译员和口译员都要对地理变异及其意识形态和政治意涵有一定的了解。比如说，口音是地理变异较为明显的一个产物，时常会成为翻译的难题。几年前，在外国戏剧改编的电视剧中，俄罗斯农
14、民操着一口苏格兰方言，这在苏格兰引起巨大争议。我们可以推测，苏格兰方言或许象征着社会地位低下，当然上述做法肯定是无心为之的。在翻译中做到方言平等并非易事，有过舞台剧翻译经历的译员肯定对此深有感触。将源文本的方言译为标准目标语有一大弊端，就是失去源语言想要营造的特殊效果，而用方言译方言则有可能产生非预期的效果。一般来说，对于不同地域方言的口音和词汇语法特点的高度敏感，是国际会议中的合格译员所必备的能力。【试题解析】 本文选自巴兹尔.哈蒂姆(Basil Hatim)和伊思.梅森(Ian Mason)所著的语篇与译者(Discourse and the Translator)一书。这本书探讨了翻译中
15、存在的问题，既承袭翻译研究的已有成果，又对翻译研究的领域有所开拓和创新。选段部分主要介绍了语言变体与地域之间的关系，阐述了方言对翻译产生的特殊要求，由于涉及社会语言学、话语研究、语用学和符号学等研究成果，具有较高的专业性和技术性，需要考生在平时的语言学和翻译理论学习中多加注意。汉译英32 【正确答案】 The so-called world of feelings refers to the expression of such feelings as happiness, anger, sorrow and joy, and serves as the soul of a poem. It
16、is true that good poetry is produced out of powerful feelings, but if such feelings are not expressed well, there will not be fine poetry either. If the description of the world of objects demands the most striking characteristics, then the expression of the world of feelings calls for the greatest
17、extent of reservedness. Just as the saying goes, “Not a single word was uttered, but all the elegance and grace was brought out.“ For example, in the poem titled Waiting in Vain, Li Bai wrote, “A fair girl rolls up the bead screen. With knitted brows, she waits in vain. Wet stains of tears can still
18、 be seen. Who, heartless, has caused her the pain?“ This four-line poem depicts a sketch: behind the pearl curtain sits still a young beauty with knitted brows and tears rolls down her face. What kind of resentments does the beauty harbor? The poet does not give a slightest hint; he lets readers ima
19、gine and taste by themselves. Generally, such poems depicted some young maids long confined in the imperial palace, and their great sorrow and melancholy can be easily imagined. Possibly, she resents her parents who did not marry her off at an earlier date, or her lover who did not marry her in time
20、, or the officer who forced her into the imperial palace, or the emperor who treats her coldly. More likely, she resents her ruthless fate.To be brief, the reader may exercise his imagination as freely as possible, but of course that must be reasonable. If one of the above-mentioned possibilities was clearly defined in the piece, the world of feelings would be confined and the piece would be much less poetic.【试题解析】 本文选自著名学者刘耕路中国的诗词曲赋一书中的第十三章“怎样学习古典诗词”。刘耕路，男，本名刘景禄，著名学者，红学家。主要著作有：韩愈及其作品中国的诗词曲赋中国历代帝王诗词选释及史记选译等，还创作了电影文学剧本谭嗣同(1985 年上映)。
