1、2014 年宁波大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 And I want beauty in my life. I have seen beauty in a sunset and in the spring woods and in the eyes of divers women, but now these happy accidents of light and color no longer thrill me. And I want beauty in my life itself, rather than in such chances as befall it. It
2、 seems to me that many actions of my life were beautiful, very long ago, when I was young in an evanished world of friendly girls, who were all more lovely than any girl is nowadays. For women now are merely more or less good-looking, and as I know, their looks when at their best have been painstaki
3、ngly enhanced and edited. But I would like this life which moves and yearns in me, to be able itself to attain to comeliness, though but in transitory performance. The life of a butterfly, for example, is just a graceful gesture: and yet, in that its loveliness is complete and perfectly rounded in i
4、tself, I envy this bright flicker through existence. And the nearest I can come to my ideal is punctiliously to pay my bills, be polite to my wife, and contribute to deserving charities: and the program does not seem, somehow, quite adequate. There are my books, I know; and there is beauty “embalmed
5、 and treasured up“ in many pages of my books, and in the books of other persons, too, which I may read at will: but this desire inborn in me is not to be satiated by making marks upon paper, nor by deciphering them. In short, I am enamored of that flawless beauty of which all poets have perturbedly
6、divined the existence somewhere, and which life as men know it simply does not afford nor anywhere foresee.(40 points)2 What is it that we mean by literature? Popularly, and amongst the thoughtless, it is held to include everything that is printed in a book. Little logic is required to disturb that
7、definition. The most thoughtless person is easily made aware that in the idea of literature one essential element is some relation to a general and common interest of manso that what applies only to a local, or professional, or merely personal interest, even though presenting itself in the shape of
8、a book, will not belong to Literature. So far the definition is easily narrowed; and it is as easily expanded. For not only is much that takes a station in books not literature; but inversely, much that really is literature never reaches a station in books. The weekly sermons of Christendom, that va
9、st pulpit literature which acts so extensively upon the popular mindto warn, to uphold, to renew, to comfort, to alarmdoes not attain the sanctuary of libraries in the ten-thousandth part of its extent. The Drama againas, for instance, the finest of Shakespeares plays in England, and all leading Ath
10、enian plays in the noontide of the Attic stageoperated as a literature on the public mind, and were(according to the strictest letter of that term)published through the audiences that witnessed their representation some time before they were published as things to be read; and they were published in
11、 this scenical mode of publication with much more effect than they could have had as books during ages of costly copying or of costly printing.(35 points)汉译英3 如果说“义 ”代表一种伦理的人生态度， “利”代表一种功利的人生态度，那么，我所说的“情”便代表一种审美的人生态度。它主张率性而行，适情而止，每个人都保持自己的真性情。你不是你所信奉的教义，也不是你所占有的物品，你之为你仅在于你的真实“ 自我” 。生命的意义不在奉献或占有，而在创造
12、，创造就是人的真性情的积极展开，是人在实现其本质力量时所获得的情感上的满足。创造不同于奉献，奉献只是完成外在的责任，创造却是实现真实的“自我” 。至于创造和占有，其差别更是一目了然，譬如写作，占有注重的是作品所带来的名利地位，创造注重的只是创作本身的快乐。有真性情的人，与人相处唯求情感的沟通，与物相触独钟情趣的品味。更为可贵的是，在世人匆忙逐利又为利所逐的时代，他接人待物有一种闲适之情。我不是指中国士大夫式的闲情逸致，也不是指小农式的知足保守，而是指一种不为利驱、不为物役的淡泊的生活情怀。仍以写作为例，我想不通，一个人何必要著作等身呢? 倘想流芳千古，一首不朽的小诗足矣。倘无此奢求，则只要活得
13、自在即可，写作也不过是这活得自在的一种方式罢了。(40 points)4 在“我”和“我们”之间，是以“他人” 作为连接点的。“ 我”因“他人” 而成为“我”；“ 我们”因“他人”而成为“我们”。当“ 我们”过度地强化、放大 “我”，而舍弃“ 他人”的时候，“我”便处于四面受敌的孤立无援之中。在我们的传统习性中，“他人”这一概念，更多的情况下，只是一种被供奉的虚设牌位。我们的成语中曾有“以邻为壑” 一词，可以佐证；有“ 只扫自家门前雪，哪管他人瓦上霜 ”的谚语，可以证言。即便在集体主义理想教育最为鼎盛之时，“他人” 不仅未能成为国人的自觉意识， “他人”反而意味着告密、背叛、异己、危险、离间等
14、等。这种体制下的集体主义文化，终于导致了“他人即地狱 ”的严酷后果。闻 “他人”而心颤，近“他人”而丧胆。也许正是由于对“他人”的恐惧，“文革”之后，“我们” 迅速土崩瓦解，“ 我”自仰天长啸而“他人”却不得不退出公众的视线，淡化为一个可有可无的虚词，成为公民道德的模糊地带。(35 points)2014 年宁波大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 我希望我的生活里有美的身影。我曾经在夕阳西下时发现了美，在春天的树林里发现了美，在形形色色的女人眼中发现了美，但现在这些光怪陆离的艳遇不再给我以心灵一颤。我想要的是生命本身的美，而不是像这样需要上天赐福。很久以前，在那个消逝的世
15、界里，好像以前我生命中的各色活动中也充满着美，那时我还很年轻，许多女孩子不仅友善可亲而且比现在的女孩子漂亮多了。现在的女人们只是凑合着还有几分姿色，而且据我所知，她们为了漂亮已经煞费苦心地涂抹了好几层胭脂香粉。但我希望在我心中涌动和希冀的生命可以绽放出自己的光彩，尽管可能只会昙花一现，但我还是有所希冀。比如，蝴蝶的生命只是一个优雅地身影：但就在这一瞬间，它得以集可爱优美于一身，我很嫉妒它生命中的这一闪烁。对于我理想的生活，我最先想到的就是支付账单要分文不差，要对妻子毕恭毕敬，捐善款还要合乎分寸：而这些还远远不够。我还想到了我的书籍。我知道在我所撰写的书以及随意翻阅他人撰写的书中，充满书香气的美
16、丽就珍藏在厚厚的书页之中。但我与生俱来领略美丽的欲望，并不是说写在书上或是从书中获取知识就可以满足的。简而言之，我醉心于这种完美无缺的美，所有的诗人都曾在字里行间苦心地去憧憬，但在人世间无法获得也无法预见。2 【正确答案】 我们所说的文学是什么呢?对于大众来说，尤其是欠考虑的那些人，只要是印在书里的就都是文学。但这个定义经不起推敲。即使再没有头脑的人也能弄明白，文学或多或少与人们共同而普遍的兴趣爱好有着一定的联系，如此而言，那些只是适用于某些局部或是某些行业，又或仅仅出于个人爱好的作品，即使写成一本书也不算是文学。这样的话，文学的定义很容易变得狭隘，也可以被轻而易举扩展。即使在书卷中取得一席之
17、地的作品也不算是文学，反之，许多真正的文学也不一定会在书卷中需要占有一席之地。比如基督教每周的布道辞，这种庞大的讲坛文学，可以暖人心灵、给人以支持，以信心，以安慰，以警示，对大众思想的影响不可谓不深刻而悠远，但能进入图书馆的不到万分之一。过去，戏剧在人们的意识中是以文学的形式出现的，比如，英国莎士比亚最优秀的戏剧以及雅典戏剧艺术鼎盛时期的全部主流剧作，而且这些戏剧在作为书籍作品出版之前，已经在观众面前“出版”了(根据“出版”一词最严格的意义)，而剧作以戏剧表演的形式呈现出来，比书籍的形式更具影响力，因为在那个年代抄写和印刷的代价还是很高昂的。汉译英3 【正确答案】 If to be right
18、eousness is said to be an ethical way of life and to seek interests is an utilitarian one, to keep your temperament, in my opinion, is an aesthetic way of life. It advocates doing everything at will and everyone should maintain his natural temperament. You are neither dependent on the doctrine nor t
19、he possession, but on your true self. The meaning of life lies neither in contribution nor possession but creation. To create is to develop actively your true temperament and give you a feeling of satisfaction after your inner power is released. Different from contribution which is made to shoulder
20、responsibility, creation intends to help you fulfill your true self. And creation is distinct from possession. Take writing as an example, to write to possess is to get the fame and status while to write to create is to get the pleasure of writing itself. The person who has natural temperament would
21、 like to seek emotional communication when dealing with others, with a focus on the taste of appeal when possession is concerned. More importantly, when others are chasing interests, he can feel leisurely comfortable towards the outer world. I dont mean the insouciance of those intellectuals and off
22、icials in the feudal China or the innate conservatism of the peasant, but a sentiment of being free of material. As for writing again, I do not understand why a writer should be prolific? A short poet is enough for you to be well-known for eternity. If you dont care about that, you can just take wri
23、ting as a way of getting leisure.4 【正确答案】 “Others“ serves as a bridge to connect “me“ and “us“. “I“ am “myself just because of “others“ and “we“ become “ourselves“ also because of others. When “we“ exaggerate the importance of “myself at the expense of “others“, “I“ will be embattled and helpless. B
24、ased on our traditional ideas, we generally only play lip service to the concept of “others“. It can be testified in our idiom “Divert the flood to the neighbors courtyard“, as well as the proverb “Mind your business and pay no heed to the rest of the world. “ Even in the climax of collective educat
25、ion, the awareness of “others“ also couldnt be accepted by people, but the word “others“ meant revealing secrets, betrayal, enemy, danger and alienation. The collective culture under the system finally resulted in the destructive consequence, which can be expressed as the phrase “Hell is other people“. People shiver and feel scared at the mention of “others“. Due to the fear, the concept of “us“ fell apart after the Cultural Revolution. “I“ got triumph while “others“ faded away from public concern to become a nominal word with little value for public moral.
